usda-mcp-server

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Overview

Nutrition data for roughly 400,000 foods from USDA FoodData Central, the US government's authoritative food composition database. Search by keyword or UPC, pull full nutrient profiles scaled to any portion, and compare foods side by side.

Tools

Tool	Description
usda_search_foods	Search foods by keyword, ingredient, or UPC/GTIN across SR Legacy, Foundation, Survey (FNDDS), and Branded data sources
usda_get_food	Full nutrient profile for one food by FDC ID, with optional per-portion scaling
usda_get_foods	Batch nutrient fetch for 2–20 FDC IDs in a single request
usda_compare_foods	Side-by-side nutrient comparison for 2–5 foods, formatted as a markdown table
usda_list_nutrients	Static FDC nutrient reference table (~150 nutrients) with IDs, names, units, and categories

Resources

Resource	Description
usda://food/{fdcId}	Full nutrient profile for a specific food by FDC ID
usda://nutrients	Complete FDC nutrient reference list
skill://usda-guide/SKILL.md	Food selection, serving-weight, and missing-nutrient guidance for agents

Food profiles and the nutrient reference are also reachable via tools. Use usda_search_foods to discover FDC IDs before reading food resources.

Capability reference

usda_search_foods _tool

• Query by keyword, ingredient name, or UPC/GTIN code; optional dataType[] filter across SR Legacy, Foundation, Survey (FNDDS), and Branded, defaulting to ["SR Legacy"] (or ["Branded"] once brandOwner is set)
• brandOwner and foodCategory filters narrow results; pageSize (max 50, default 10) and pageNumber paginate
• Returns FDC IDs plus available preview nutrients: protein (1003), fat (1004), carbohydrate (1005), fiber (1079), and energy (1008, 1062, 2047, 2048). Original values, units, order, and distinct energy estimates are preserved; missing entries are omitted. Use usda_get_food for other nutrients or the full profile
• A page past totalPages returns empty foods[], the requested page, totals, and a notice with a valid pageNumber when the query has matches
• Typed errors: query_empty (blank query), query_syntax (FDC rejected the query syntax), no_results (nothing matched in the requested data sources)

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usda_get_food _tool

• Full nutrient profile for one fdcId; optional nutrients[] filter to specific IDs
• Optional unit (g / oz / lb / kg / serving) with an optional quantity scales every value from the FDC per-100g basis; quantity defaults to 100 for mass units and 1 for serving. Serving uses the first valid portion, or a positive finite Branded label size in g / GRM / GM (case-insensitive) when no portion exists, multiplied by quantity
• servingInfo identifies the resolved portion or label serving and its gram weight; allPortions[] contains actual portion definitions only
• Typed errors: not_found (bad FDC ID), quantity_without_unit, no_portion_data (no valid portion or supported Branded gram label). Volume, IU, milligram labels, missing units, and invalid sizes require an explicit mass-unit request; no density is inferred

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usda_get_foods _tool

• Batch fetch for 2–20 FDC IDs in one call; values are per-100g only (no portion scaling)
• nutrients[] filter strongly recommended — full profiles for 20 foods are large
• Per-ID partial failure — IDs that return no data land in failed[] instead of aborting the batch

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usda_compare_foods _tool

• Side-by-side comparison for 2–5 FDC IDs, pivoted one row per nutrient and one column per food
• Defaults to 12 commonly compared nutrients (energy, protein, fat, saturated fat, carbs, fiber, total sugars, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, vitamin C) unless nutrients[] is given
• All values scaled to a common quantity + unit basis (default 100 g; quantity is an amount in unit, so unit: "oz" alone compares per 100 oz)
• Proceeds with the valid foods when some IDs return no data; only throws too_few_foods when fewer than 2 resolve
• Rows where every food is null for that nutrient are filtered out

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usda_list_nutrients _tool

• Static reference table of ~150 tracked FDC nutrients — no API call
• Optional category filter: macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, lipids, amino_acids, other
• Returns each nutrient's ID, name, SR reference number, unit, and category — resolve a name to the ID used by nutrients[] elsewhere

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usda://food/{fdcId} _resource

• Same data as usda_get_food without portion scaling — full nutrient profile per 100g as application/json
• fdcId must be a bare positive integer (no sign, leading zero, decimal, or exponent); anything else throws invalid_id
• not_found when the ID doesn't exist in FDC

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usda://nutrients _resource

• Complete FDC nutrient reference — same content as usda_list_nutrients with no category filter
• Served as application/json with a 1-hour public cache hint, since the table is bundled at build time and identical for every caller

skill://usda-guide/SKILL.md _resource

Guidance for matching food records, choosing a serving weight, and reporting incomplete nutrient coverage. The same usda-guide ships with plugin installs, npm, Docker, and the desktop bundle.

Features

Built on @cyanheads/mcp-ts-core: stdio and Streamable HTTP transports, pluggable auth (none / jwt / oauth), swappable storage (in-memory, filesystem, Supabase, Cloudflare KV/R2/D1), structured logging with optional OpenTelemetry tracing.

FoodData Central-specific:

• Type-safe client for the USDA FoodData Central REST API (api.nal.usda.gov/fdc/v1)
• Normalization layer that handles inconsistent API response shapes across search, single-food, and batch endpoints
• Batch API endpoint (/foods) with per-food partial failure reporting
• HTML response detection (rate-limit proxy returns 200 HTML) with service-unavailable error surfacing
• Static nutrient reference dictionary — ~150 nutrients with FDC IDs, SR numbers, units, and categories; no API call required

Agent-friendly output:

• Provenance preserved — FDC data source (dataType) on every food result so callers know whether they're reading curated research data or label-derived branded values
• Partial failure reporting — batch tools (usda_get_foods, usda_compare_foods) return successes alongside structured failed[] / missingData[] entries rather than failing the whole request
• Cross-reference hints — FDC IDs and tool names in descriptions so agents know exactly which call to make next (search → get → compare workflow)

Getting started

Connect to the hosted instance, no install:

claude mcp add --transport http usda-mcp-server https://usda.caseyjhand.com/mcp

Or run it locally:

claude mcp add usda-mcp-server -e USDA_FDC_API_KEY=your-key -- npx -y @cyanheads/usda-mcp-server

For other clients, add this to the MCP config file:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "usda-mcp-server": {
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/usda-mcp-server"],
      "env": { "USDA_FDC_API_KEY": "your-api-key" }
    }
  }
}

Get a free key at api.data.gov/signup. Food search, lookup, and comparison require it; the static nutrient reference works without it. For Docker or a source build, see Running the server.

Configuration

Variable	Description	Default
USDA_FDC_API_KEY	Required for FoodData Central-backed tools (search, get, batch, compare) — not for startup or usda_list_nutrients. Get a free key at api.data.gov.	—
MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE	Transport: stdio or http.	stdio
MCP_HTTP_PORT	Port for HTTP server.	3010
MCP_AUTH_MODE	Auth mode: none, jwt, or oauth.	none
MCP_LOG_LEVEL	Log level (RFC 5424).	info
LOGS_DIR	Directory for log files (Node.js only).	<project-root>/logs
STORAGE_PROVIDER_TYPE	Storage backend.	in-memory
OTEL_ENABLED	Enable OpenTelemetry instrumentation (spans, metrics, completion logs).	false

See .env.example for the full list of optional overrides.

Running the server

Requires Bun v1.4.0 or higher (or Node.js v24+).

Local development

git clone https://github.com/cyanheads/usda-mcp-server.git
cd usda-mcp-server && bun install
cp .env.example .env   # set USDA_FDC_API_KEY

• Build and run:

  # One-time build
  bun run rebuild
  
  # Run the built server
  bun run start:stdio
  # or
  bun run start:http
  

• Run checks and tests:

  bun run devcheck   # Lint, format, typecheck, security
  bun run test       # Vitest test suite
  bun run lint:mcp   # Validate MCP definitions against spec
  

Docker

docker run --rm -e USDA_FDC_API_KEY=your-key -p 3010:3010 ghcr.io/cyanheads/usda-mcp-server:latest

The image defaults to HTTP transport, stateless session mode, and logs to /var/log/usda-mcp-server. For stdio, use docker run -i --rm -e MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=stdio -e USDA_FDC_API_KEY=your-key ghcr.io/cyanheads/usda-mcp-server:latest. To build locally, run docker build -t usda-mcp-server .; OpenTelemetry peer dependencies are installed by default — build with --build-arg OTEL_ENABLED=false to omit them.

Project structure

Directory	Purpose
src/index.ts	createApp() entry point — registers tools, resources, and inits FdcService.
src/config	Server-specific environment variable parsing and validation with Zod (USDA_FDC_API_KEY).
src/mcp-server/tools	Tool definitions (*.tool.ts) — search, get, batch, compare, list-nutrients.
src/mcp-server/resources	Resource definitions (*.resource.ts) — food profile and nutrient reference.
src/services/fdc	FdcService — USDA FDC API client, normalization, and static nutrient reference data.
skills/	Published guidance for agents calling the server.
tests/	Unit tests mirroring src/ — every tool, resource, and the FDC service.

Development guide

See CLAUDE.md for development guidelines and architectural rules. The short version:

• Handlers throw, framework catches — no try/catch in tool logic
• Use ctx.log for request-scoped logging, ctx.state for tenant-scoped storage
• Register new tools and resources via the barrels in src/mcp-server/*/definitions/index.ts
• Wrap external API calls: validate raw → normalize to domain type → return output schema; never fabricate missing fields

Contributing

Issues are welcome. Run checks and tests before submitting:

bun run devcheck
bun run test

License

Apache-2.0 — see LICENSE for details.