hetzner

Hetzner Cloud Infrastructure

CRITICAL: Secrets and .env

• NEVER store live .env files or credentials inside any skill folder.
• .env.template files belong only in assets/ within a skill.
• Store live secrets in ~/.admin/.env and reference from there.

Status: Production Ready | Dependencies: hcloud CLI, SSH key pair

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Navigation

• Operations, troubleshooting, config, and cost snapshot: references/OPERATIONS.md

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Step 0: Gather Required Information (MANDATORY)

STOP. Before ANY deployment commands, collect ALL parameters from the user.

Copy this checklist and confirm each item:

Required Parameters:
- [ ] SERVER_NAME          - Unique name for this server
- [ ] HETZNER_LOCATION     - Location (nbg1, fsn1, hel1, ash, hil)
- [ ] HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE  - Server type (see profiles below)
- [ ] SSH_KEY_NAME         - Name of SSH key in Hetzner
- [ ] SSH_KEY_PATH         - Path to local SSH private key (default: ~/.ssh/id_rsa)

Architecture Choice:
- [ ] ARM64 (CAX*) or x86 (CX*)?
      ARM64 → Only available in EU (nbg1, fsn1, hel1)
      x86   → Available in EU and US (ash, hil)

Deployment Purpose (determines recommended profile):
- [ ] Purpose: coolify / kasm / both / custom
      coolify → CAX11 ARM (~$4/mo) or CX22 x86 (~$5/mo)
      kasm    → CAX21 ARM (~$8/mo) or CX32 x86 (~$10/mo)
      both    → CAX31 ARM (~$16/mo) or CX42 x86 (~$20/mo)

Recommended profiles by purpose:

Purpose	ARM (EU only)	x86 (EU+US)	vCPU	RAM	Monthly
coolify	CAX11	CX22	2	4GB	~$4-5
kasm	CAX21	CX32	4	8GB	~$8-10
both	CAX31	CX42	8	16GB	~$16-20

DO NOT proceed to Prerequisites until ALL parameters are confirmed.

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Prerequisites

Before using this skill, verify the following:

1. Hetzner Cloud CLI Installed

hcloud version

If missing, install with:

# macOS
brew install hcloud

# Linux (download binary)
curl -sL https://github.com/hetznercloud/cli/releases/latest/download/hcloud-linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar xz
sudo mv hcloud /usr/local/bin/

# Or via package manager (Arch)
pacman -S hcloud

2. Hetzner Account & API Token

If you don't have a Hetzner account:

Sign up at: https://hetzner.cloud/?ref=o3LvvIQgI5gs

Disclosure: This is a referral link. You'll receive €20 cloud credit, and the skill author receives a small credit. Using this link helps support the development of these skills.

Get API token: https://console.hetzner.cloud/ → Project → Security → API Tokens

Create a Read & Write token.

3. hcloud CLI Configured

hcloud context list

If empty, configure with one of these methods:

Method A: Non-interactive (recommended for automation):

# Write directly to hcloud config file
mkdir -p ~/.config/hcloud
cat > ~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml << EOF
active_context = "myproject"

[[contexts]]
name = "myproject"
token = "$HETZNER_API_TOKEN"
EOF
chmod 600 ~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml

Method B: Environment variable (temporary, no config saved):

# Set for current session only - hcloud commands will work but context won't persist
export HCLOUD_TOKEN="$HETZNER_API_TOKEN"
hcloud server list  # Works without context

Method C: Interactive (manual setup):

hcloud context create myproject
# Enter your API token when prompted

Note: Method A is recommended for automation because hcloud context create requires interactive input and cannot be piped.

4. SSH Key Pair

ls ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

If missing, generate with:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -N ""

5. SSH Key Uploaded to Hetzner

hcloud ssh-key list

If empty, upload with:

hcloud ssh-key create --name my-key --public-key-from-file ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

6. Test Authentication

hcloud server-type list

If this fails: Token may be invalid or expired. Create a new one.

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Server Profiles

Profile	Server Type	vCPU	RAM	Storage	Monthly Cost
coolify	CAX11 (ARM)	2	4GB	40GB	~$4
kasm	CAX21 (ARM)	4	8GB	80GB	~$8
both	CAX31 (ARM)	8	16GB	160GB	~$16

x86 Alternatives

Profile	Server Type	vCPU	RAM	Storage	Monthly Cost
coolify	CX22	2	4GB	40GB	~$5
kasm	CX32	4	8GB	80GB	~$10
both	CX42	8	16GB	160GB	~$20

ARM (CAX) is recommended for better price/performance.

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Deployment Steps

Step 1: Set Environment Variables

export HETZNER_LOCATION="nbg1"           # nbg1, fsn1, hel1, ash, hil
export HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE="cax21"       # See profiles above
export HETZNER_IMAGE="ubuntu-22.04"
export SERVER_NAME="my-server"
export SSH_KEY_NAME="my-key"

⚠️ ARM Server Location Compatibility: ARM servers (CAX11, CAX21, CAX31, CAX41) are only available in European locations.

Location	ARM (CAX)	x86 (CX/CPX)
nbg1 (Nuremberg)	✅ Yes	✅ Yes
fsn1 (Falkenstein)	✅ Yes	✅ Yes
hel1 (Helsinki)	✅ Yes	✅ Yes
ash (Ashburn, US)	❌ No	✅ Yes
hil (Hillsboro, US)	❌ No	✅ Yes

If you need US hosting, use x86 server types (CX22, CX32, CPX21, etc.).

Location options

Code	Location	Region	ARM Available
nbg1	Nuremberg	Germany	✅ Yes
fsn1	Falkenstein	Germany	✅ Yes
hel1	Helsinki	Finland	✅ Yes
ash	Ashburn	USA (Virginia)	❌ No
hil	Hillsboro	USA (Oregon)	❌ No

Step 2: Create Firewall

# Create firewall rules
hcloud firewall create --name my-firewall

# Allow SSH
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 22 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0

# Allow HTTP/HTTPS
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 80 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 443 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0

# Allow Coolify ports (if deploying Coolify)
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 8000 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 6001-6002 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0

# Allow KASM ports (if deploying KASM)
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 8443 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 3389 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0
hcloud firewall add-rule my-firewall --direction in --protocol tcp --port 3000-4000 --source-ips 0.0.0.0/0 --source-ips ::/0

Step 3: Validate and Create Server

Validate ARM/location compatibility first:

# Check if trying to use ARM server in US location
if [[ "$HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE" == cax* ]] && [[ "$HETZNER_LOCATION" == ash* || "$HETZNER_LOCATION" == hil* ]]; then
  echo "ERROR: ARM servers (CAX) are not available in US locations ($HETZNER_LOCATION)"
  echo ""
  echo "Options:"
  echo "  1. Switch to European location: nbg1, fsn1, or hel1"
  echo "  2. Switch to x86 server type: cx22, cx32, cpx21, cpx31"
  echo ""
  echo "Recommended fix:"
  echo "  export HETZNER_LOCATION=nbg1    # Switch to Europe"
  echo "  # OR"
  echo "  export HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE=cx22  # Switch to x86"
  exit 1
fi
echo "Server type $HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE is compatible with location $HETZNER_LOCATION"

Create server:

hcloud server create \
  --name "$SERVER_NAME" \
  --type "$HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE" \
  --image "$HETZNER_IMAGE" \
  --location "$HETZNER_LOCATION" \
  --ssh-key "$SSH_KEY_NAME" \
  --firewall my-firewall

Step 4: Get Server IP

SERVER_IP=$(hcloud server ip "$SERVER_NAME")
echo "SERVER_IP=$SERVER_IP"

Step 5: Wait for Server Ready

# Wait for SSH to be available (typically 30-60 seconds)
echo "Waiting for server to be ready..."
until ssh -o ConnectTimeout=5 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no root@$SERVER_IP "echo connected" 2>/dev/null; do
  sleep 5
done
echo "Server is ready!"

Step 6: Verify Connection

ssh root@$SERVER_IP "uname -a && free -h && df -h /"

Step 7: Output for Downstream Skills

# Determine architecture for downstream skills (cloudflare-tunnel needs this)
if [[ "$HETZNER_SERVER_TYPE" == cax* ]]; then
  SERVER_ARCH="arm64"
else
  SERVER_ARCH="amd64"
fi

# Save to .env.local for downstream skills
echo "SERVER_IP=$SERVER_IP" >> .env.local
echo "SSH_USER=root" >> .env.local
echo "SSH_KEY_PATH=~/.ssh/id_rsa" >> .env.local
echo "SERVER_ARCH=$SERVER_ARCH" >> .env.local
echo "COOLIFY_SERVER_IP=$SERVER_IP" >> .env.local
echo "KASM_SERVER_IP=$SERVER_IP" >> .env.local

echo ""
echo "Server deployed successfully!"
echo "  IP: $SERVER_IP"
echo "  Arch: $SERVER_ARCH"
echo "  SSH: ssh root@$SERVER_IP"

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Verify Deployment

ssh root@$SERVER_IP "echo 'Hetzner server connected successfully'"

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Cleanup

Warning: This is destructive and cannot be undone.

# Delete server
hcloud server delete "$SERVER_NAME"

# Delete firewall
hcloud firewall delete my-firewall

# Optionally delete SSH key
# hcloud ssh-key delete my-key

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Operations

Troubleshooting, best practices, configuration variables, and cost snapshots are in references/OPERATIONS.md.

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Logging Integration

When performing infrastructure operations, log to the centralized system:

# After provisioning
log_admin "SUCCESS" "operation" "Provisioned Hetzner server" "id=$SERVER_ID provider=Hetzner"

# After destroying
log_admin "SUCCESS" "operation" "Deleted Hetzner server" "id=$SERVER_ID"

# On error
log_admin "ERROR" "operation" "Hetzner deployment failed" "error=$ERROR_MSG"

See admin skill's references/logging.md for full logging documentation.

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References

• Hetzner Cloud Console
• hcloud CLI Documentation
• Server Types & Pricing
• API Documentation