incident-lifecycle

Incident Lifecycle Management

Overview

This skill covers the complete lifecycle of an incident in ServiceNow, following ITIL best practices:

1. Creation - Log the incident with proper details
2. Categorization - Classify by type and service
3. Prioritization - Set impact, urgency, and priority
4. Assignment - Route to appropriate team
5. Investigation - Diagnose the issue
6. Resolution - Fix the issue and document
7. Closure - Verify and close the incident

Prerequisites

• Roles: itil for most operations, incident_manager for some overrides
• Access: Read/write to incident table
• Knowledge: ITIL incident management fundamentals

Procedure

Phase 1: Incident Creation

Create a well-documented incident with all required information.

Using MCP:

Tool: SN-Create-Incident
Parameters:
  short_description: "Brief summary of the issue"
  description: "Detailed description including:
    - What happened
    - When it started
    - Who is affected
    - What has been tried"
  caller_id: [user_sys_id or username]
  category: software
  subcategory: application
  impact: 2
  urgency: 2
  assignment_group: Service Desk

Using REST API:

POST /api/now/table/incident
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "short_description": "Brief summary",
  "description": "Detailed description...",
  "caller_id": "user_sys_id",
  "category": "software",
  "impact": "2",
  "urgency": "2",
  "assignment_group": "group_sys_id"
}

Best Practices for Creation:

• Short description should be 10-50 characters
• Description should include who, what, when, where
• Always set caller (the affected user)
• Set category/subcategory for proper routing

Phase 2: Categorization & Prioritization

Ensure the incident is properly classified.

Category Hierarchy:

Hardware
├── Computer
├── Monitor
├── Printer
└── Mobile Device

Software
├── Operating System
├── Application
├── Email
└── Database

Network
├── Connectivity
├── VPN
└── WiFi

Request
├── Access
├── Installation
└── Information

Priority Matrix:

Impact ↓ / Urgency →	1-High	2-Medium	3-Low
1-High	P1	P2	P3
2-Medium	P2	P3	P4
3-Low	P3	P4	P5

Phase 3: Assignment

Route to the appropriate resolution team.

Using MCP:

Tool: SN-Assign-Incident
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  assignment_group: Desktop Support
  assigned_to: john.smith  # Optional: specific person
  work_notes: "Assigned based on hardware category"

Phase 4: Investigation & Diagnosis

Document all investigation steps.

Add Work Notes (Internal):

Tool: SN-Add-Work-Notes
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  work_notes: |
    Investigation Steps:
    1. Verified user credentials - OK
    2. Checked network connectivity - OK
    3. Reviewed application logs - Found error
    4. Identified root cause: Corrupted cache

    Next: Clear application cache and test

Add Comments (Customer-visible):

Tool: SN-Add-Comment
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  comment: "We are investigating your issue and have identified a potential cause. We will update you shortly with a solution."

State Transitions During Work:

New (1) → In Progress (2) → On Hold (3) → In Progress (2) → Resolved (6)

Update State:

Tool: SN-Update-Record
Parameters:
  table_name: incident
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  data:
    state: 2  # In Progress
    work_notes: "Starting investigation"

Phase 5: Resolution

Document the fix and resolve the incident.

Using MCP:

Tool: SN-Resolve-Incident
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  resolution_code: Solved (Permanently)
  resolution_notes: |
    Root Cause: Application cache was corrupted after update

    Resolution:
    1. Cleared application cache folder
    2. Restarted application service
    3. Verified user can now access the application

    Prevention: Scheduled cache cleanup added to maintenance window

Resolution Codes:

• Solved (Permanently) - Issue fully resolved
• Solved (Workaround) - Temporary fix applied
• Not Solved (Not Reproducible) - Could not reproduce
• Not Solved (Too Costly) - Fix not cost-effective
• Closed/Resolved by Caller - User resolved themselves

Phase 6: Closure

Verify with user and close the incident.

Add Customer Comment for Verification:

Tool: SN-Add-Comment
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  comment: "Your incident has been resolved. Please confirm the issue is fixed. If you don't respond within 3 business days, this incident will be automatically closed."

Close the Incident:

Tool: SN-Close-Incident
Parameters:
  sys_id: [incident_sys_id]
  close_code: Solved (Permanently)
  close_notes: "User confirmed resolution. Closing incident."

State Flow Diagram

┌─────────┐    ┌────────────┐    ┌─────────┐
│   New   │───►│ In Progress│───►│ On Hold │
│   (1)   │    │    (2)     │◄───│   (3)   │
└────┬────┘    └─────┬──────┘    └─────────┘
     │               │
     │               ▼
     │         ┌──────────┐    ┌─────────┐
     └────────►│ Resolved │───►│ Closed  │
               │   (6)    │    │   (7)   │
               └──────────┘    └─────────┘

Tool Usage Summary

Phase	MCP Tools	REST Endpoints
Create	SN-Create-Incident	POST /incident
Update	SN-Update-Record	PATCH /incident/{id}
Assign	SN-Assign-Incident	PATCH /incident/{id}
Notes	SN-Add-Work-Notes, SN-Add-Comment	POST /sys_journal_field
Resolve	SN-Resolve-Incident	PATCH /incident/{id}
Close	SN-Close-Incident	PATCH /incident/{id}

Best Practices

• Update Regularly: Add work notes every 30-60 minutes during active work
• Customer Communication: Add comments at key milestones
• Complete Documentation: Future incidents benefit from detailed notes
• Proper Closure: Always get user confirmation when possible
• Link Related Records: Connect to problems, changes, or knowledge articles

Troubleshooting

Cannot change state

Cause: State transition not allowed or missing required fields Solution: Check state transition rules; ensure resolution fields are set before resolving

Work notes not appearing

Cause: Journal field permissions or wrong field name Solution: Verify role permissions; use work_notes not comments for internal notes

Incident auto-reopened

Cause: User replied to notification email Solution: Check inbound email actions; update work notes to acknowledge

Related Skills

• itsm/incident-triage - Initial triage process
• itsm/major-incident - P1 incident handling
• itsm/problem-analysis - Root cause analysis
• reporting/sla-analysis - SLA tracking

References

• ServiceNow Incident Management
• ITIL 4 Incident Management Practice