render-postgres

Render Managed PostgreSQL

This skill covers Managed Postgres on Render: how to connect, what cannot change after creation, storage behavior, limits, HA, replicas, and safe deletion. Deep dives live under references/.

When to Use

Apply this skill when the user:

• Configures Postgres for an app on Render (URLs, TLS, pooling)
• Creates or changes a database, plan, disk, or replicas
• Asks about backups, PITR, exports, or deleting a database
• Hits connection limits, SSL errors, or latency between services and DB
• Authors Blueprint databases / readReplicas or wires fromDatabase

For deploy flows and Blueprint basics, see render-deploy and render-blueprints. For private networking between services, see render-networking. For env var patterns, see render-env-vars.

Before configuring or troubleshooting an internal database connection, read references/private-networking.md.

Connection Patterns

Render exposes two connection URLs for the same logical database:

URL	Use when	TLS
Internal	App or service on Render in the same region and workspace	Not required (private network)
External	Local development, CI, or tools outside Render	Required (TLS 1.2+)

Always prefer the internal URL for Render-hosted apps so traffic stays on Render’s network and avoids extra latency and public egress patterns.

• IP allow list applies to external access only. Same-region Render services use the internal URL regardless of the allow list.
• External clients must use TLS; misconfigured clients often show SSL handshake or sslmode errors.

URL formats, Dashboard locations, Blueprint fromDatabase, pooling, and common mistakes: references/connection-guide.md.

Creation and Setup

• Instance display name: Can be changed later (where the Dashboard allows renaming the resource).
• Immutable after creation: databaseName, database user, region, PostgreSQL major version. Plan these before create; changing them requires a new database and migration.
• Storage size: 1 GB or multiples of 5 GB when provisioning.

Wire apps with Blueprint fromDatabase using property: connectionString, connectionPoolString when managed PgBouncer is enabled, or host, port, user, password, and database individually. See render-blueprints.

Multiple logical databases

You can run CREATE DATABASE new_db; in psql on the same instance. Host, port, and credentials stay the same; only the database name in the URL path changes (e.g. .../myapp vs .../new_db).

Storage Management

• Autoscaling: When disk use reaches roughly ~90%, Render can grow storage by about ~50%, rounded up to the next 5 GB multiple, up to 16 TB max.
• Cannot shrink disk after an increase.
• Cooldown: After a storage increase, you cannot increase again for 12 hours.
• Over limit / unhealthy: If disk is over the configured limit, the database can become unhealthy; Render may suspend it until resolved.

Monitor disk and plan exports or cleanup before you hit hard limits. Backup and restore options: references/backup-and-recovery.md.

Connection Limits

Connection limits depend on the database's compute plan. Use references/compute-plans.md to fetch the current Postgres plan catalog and connection limits instead of relying on a memorized table.

Render provides integrated PgBouncer connection pooling for paid Postgres instances. Enable it with connectionPool: pgbouncer in a Blueprint, then connect clients with the database's connectionPoolString. Keep application pool sizes aligned with the database connection limit; clients that require session-level state or dedicated long-lived connections must use the direct connection string. Enabling the managed pool restarts the database and causes a few minutes of unavailability. More detail: references/connection-guide.md and references/performance-tuning.md.

High Availability and Compute Plans

HA eligibility and plan-change behavior depend on the Postgres compute plan and version. See references/compute-plans.md before recommending a plan or changing an existing database.

Read Replicas

• Up to 5 read replicas per database.
• In Blueprints, declare replicas under readReplicas as a list of names.
• CAUTION — declarative sync:
  • An empty readReplicas list can destroy all existing replicas.
  • Name mismatches between the Blueprint and live replicas can create new replicas and remove replicas whose names are no longer listed.

Always treat readReplicas as authoritative desired state, not additive-only.

Useful MCP Commands

Use the Render MCP tools (names may vary slightly by integration; align with your server’s tool list):

Goal	Tool / pattern
List databases	list_postgres_instances
Instance details	get_postgres with postgresId
Read-only SQL	query_render_postgres with postgresId and sql
Connection load	get_metrics with resourceId (Postgres ID) and metricTypes: ["active_connections"]

query_render_postgres runs in a read-only transaction and opens a new connection per query—do not use it as a substitute for app pooling.

Shorthand (same tools): list_postgres_instances(), get_postgres(postgresId), query_render_postgres(postgresId, sql), get_metrics(resourceId, metricTypes: ["active_connections"]).

Deleting and Data Safety

• Backups and snapshots are not retained after you delete the database. Export first (pg_dump, Dashboard restore workflow from existing backups, etc.).
• Before destructive actions, confirm retention and recovery paths in references/backup-and-recovery.md.

References

Document	Contents
references/compute-plans.md	Current Postgres Plan IDs, connection limits, downtime, HA, and legacy-plan migration
references/private-networking.md	Current private-network scope, internal addressing, isolation, and troubleshooting
references/connection-guide.md	Internal vs external URLs, SSL, allow list, Blueprint wiring, pooling, multi-database URLs, troubleshooting
references/backup-and-recovery.md	Snapshots, PITR, pg_dump / pg_restore, restore flows, deletion, cross-region
references/performance-tuning.md	pg_stat_statements, indexes, bloat, EXPLAIN ANALYZE, metrics, scaling

Related Skills

• render-deploy — End-to-end deploy, services, and MCP/Dashboard flows
• render-blueprints — databases, fromDatabase, readReplicas, immutable fields
• render-networking — Private services, regions, and how traffic routes between resources
• render-env-vars — Storing DATABASE_URL and secret wiring patterns

Current documentation retrieval

Whenever this skill directs you to consult current Render documentation:

1. Retrieve the linked Markdown document directly with an available URL-fetching tool or HTTP client, such as curl. Do not substitute web-search summaries for the document.
2. Confirm that retrieval succeeded and returned the expected document, then read its contents. Saving a file or printing its path is not sufficient.
3. If the request fails or your tool cannot read the Markdown response, open and read the linked HTML version instead.
4. If neither version can be retrieved, disclose that the current reference is unavailable and follow any topic-specific fallback in the skill. Use bundled guidance only for stable constraints, and do not guess at changeable platform details.

When a task requires multiple references, apply this workflow to each one and distinguish the documents you verified from those that remain unavailable.