render-private-services

Render Private Services

Private services are identical to web services except they have no public URL. They are reachable only by other Render services on the same private network (same region + workspace). Use them for internal APIs, microservices, gRPC servers, sidecar processes, and anything that should never face the internet.

When to Use

• Building an internal API or microservice behind a public gateway
• Running a gRPC, TCP, or other non-HTTP server that only your services call
• Deploying infrastructure components (Elasticsearch, ClickHouse, RabbitMQ)
• Choosing between a private service and a background worker

For public-facing HTTP services, use render-web-services. For services that don't receive any traffic, use render-background-workers.

Before configuring or troubleshooting private connectivity, read references/private-networking.md. Before attaching or changing a persistent disk, read references/persistent-disks.md. When choosing between a private service, web service, and worker, read references/service-types.md.

Private Service vs Background Worker

Criterion	Private Service	Background Worker
Binds to a port	Yes (required)	No
Receives private network traffic	Yes	No
Sends outbound traffic	Yes	Yes
Has internal hostname	Yes	No
Use case	Internal APIs, gRPC, TCP servers	Queue consumers, async processors

Rule of thumb: If the process listens on a port and other services call it, it's a private service. If it pulls work from a queue and never receives requests, it's a background worker.

How Private Services Work

• No onrender.com subdomain—not reachable from the internet
• Reachable at <service-name>:<port> on the private network by services in the same region and workspace
• Can listen on any port (except restricted system ports)—not limited to HTTP or port 10000
• Supports any protocol: HTTP, gRPC, TCP, WebSocket, custom binary protocols
• Same build/deploy lifecycle as web services (build command, start command, pre-deploy)
• Supports persistent disks and Docker runtime. A disk-backed private service stays single-instance and cannot use autoscaling or zero-downtime deploys; follow references/persistent-disks.md for details.

Connecting to a Private Service

Other services reference a private service via its internal hostname and port:

http://<service-name>:<port>

In Blueprints, wire the address using fromService:

- key: INTERNAL_API_URL
  fromService:
    name: my-api
    type: pserv
    property: hostport

Available fromService properties for pserv:

Property	Value
host	Internal hostname (e.g. my-api)
port	Port the service listens on
hostport	host:port combined (e.g. my-api:10000)

You can also reference a specific env var from the private service using envVarKey instead of property.

Port Binding

Private services must bind to at least one port. If your process does not need to receive traffic, create a background worker instead.

• Bind to 0.0.0.0 (not 127.0.0.1 or localhost)
• The PORT env var defaults to 10000; confirm current restrictions in references/private-networking.md before choosing another port
• For non-HTTP protocols (gRPC, TCP), configure your server on the desired port and tell consumers the hostport

Blueprint Configuration

services:
  - type: pserv
    name: internal-api
    runtime: node
    region: oregon
    plan: starter
    buildCommand: npm ci && npm run build
    startCommand: npm start
    envVars:
      - key: DATABASE_URL
        fromDatabase:
          name: db
          property: connectionString

Microservices pattern (gateway + internal services)

services:
  - type: web
    name: gateway
    runtime: node
    plan: starter
    region: oregon
    buildCommand: npm ci && npm run build
    startCommand: npm start
    envVars:
      - key: USER_SERVICE_URL
        fromService:
          name: user-service
          type: pserv
          property: hostport
      - key: BILLING_SERVICE_URL
        fromService:
          name: billing-service
          type: pserv
          property: hostport

  - type: pserv
    name: user-service
    runtime: node
    plan: starter
    region: oregon
    buildCommand: npm ci
    startCommand: node server.js
    envVars:
      - key: DATABASE_URL
        fromDatabase:
          name: db
          property: connectionString

  - type: pserv
    name: billing-service
    runtime: python
    plan: starter
    region: oregon
    buildCommand: pip install -r requirements.txt
    startCommand: gunicorn billing:app
    envVars:
      - key: DATABASE_URL
        fromDatabase:
          name: db
          property: connectionString

References

Document	Contents
references/private-networking.md	Current private-network scope, addresses, ports, discovery, isolation, and troubleshooting
references/patterns.md	Microservice topology, gRPC setup, and sidecar patterns
references/persistent-disks.md	Service-attached disk constraints, configuration, sizing, and snapshots
references/service-types.md	Service-type selection and execution models

Related Skills

• render-web-services — Public HTTP services
• render-networking — Private network, DNS, service discovery
• render-background-workers — Services that don't receive traffic
• render-blueprints — Full render.yaml schema, fromService wiring
• render-scaling — Compute plans and autoscaling for private services

Current documentation retrieval

Whenever this skill directs you to consult current Render documentation:

1. Retrieve the linked Markdown document directly with an available URL-fetching tool or HTTP client, such as curl. Do not substitute web-search summaries for the document.
2. Confirm that retrieval succeeded and returned the expected document, then read its contents. Saving a file or printing its path is not sufficient.
3. If the request fails or your tool cannot read the Markdown response, open and read the linked HTML version instead.
4. If neither version can be retrieved, disclose that the current reference is unavailable and follow any topic-specific fallback in the skill. Use bundled guidance only for stable constraints, and do not guess at changeable platform details.

When a task requires multiple references, apply this workflow to each one and distinguish the documents you verified from those that remain unavailable.