routeros-app-yaml

RouterOS /app YAML Format (7.21+)

RouterOS 7.21 introduced the /app path (built-in app listing and management). The full YAML app creation feature (/app/add) appeared in 7.22 (first seen in 7.22beta5). Think of it as MikroTik's opinionated alternative to docker-compose — but it is NOT docker-compose, with significant differences.

What /app Is

The /app subsystem lets users define one or more containers as a single "application" in YAML. RouterOS parses the YAML, creates containers, volumes, networks, and config files, then manages the lifecycle.

Key concepts:

• Each /app is defined by a YAML document with services, configs, volumes, and networks
• The YAML is loaded into RouterOS via CLI (/app/add yaml-url=...) or REST API
• Built-in apps ship with RouterOS (visible at GET /rest/app)
• Custom apps can be added from URLs or inline YAML
• App stores (app-store-urls=) provide curated collections

Critical Differences from docker-compose

Feature	docker-compose	RouterOS /app
Port format	host:container[/protocol]	Two styles (see below)
Environment	KEY=value or list	Same, but placeholders expand
Volumes	Named or bind mounts	Subset — no bind mount options
Networks	Full docker network model	Simplified — name + external
Build	Full Dockerfile support	Minimal (context + dockerfile)
Configs	Docker configs API	Inline content only
Deploy/resources	Yes	No — not supported
Top-level version:	Deprecated (was required)	Not used
File extension	.yml / .yaml	.tikapp.yaml (convention)

Top-Level Properties

Property	Type	Required	Description
name	string	No	Unique identifier for the /app
descr	string	No	Human-readable description shown in app UI
page	string (URI)	No	Project homepage URL
category	string (enum)	No	App store classification
icon	string (URI)	No	Icon URL (shown in WebFig with show-in-webfig=yes)
default-credentials	string or null	No	username:password shown in UI
url-path	string	No	URL path suffix for browser access (e.g., /admin)
credentials	string	No	Credential hint (alternative to default-credentials)
option	boolean	No	Whether app is optional
auto-update	boolean	No	Pull and restart containers on every boot
services	object	Yes	Container service definitions (≥1 required)
volumes	object	No	Named volume declarations
networks	object	No	Network declarations
configs	object	No	Config file declarations with inline content

Category Values (Exhaustive)

productivity, storage, networking, development, communication,
file-management, search, video, media, media-management,
home-automation, monitoring, database, automation, ai,
messaging, radio, security, business

New categories appear when MikroTik adds built-in apps. The CI schema validation catches these.

Service Properties

Each key under services: defines one container. Required property: image.

Property	Type	Description
image	string	Container image (omit registry to use /container/config's registry-url)
container_name	string	Explicit name; used as base for file paths under /container
hostname	string	Container hostname
entrypoint	string or string[]	Override default entrypoint
command	string or string[]	Override default command
ports	array	Port mappings (see format section)
environment	object or array or null	Environment variables (KEY=value list or {KEY: value} map)
volumes	array of strings	Volume mounts (e.g., my-vol:/data)
configs	array of objects	Config file placements ({source, target, mode})
restart	enum	no, always, on-failure, unless-stopped
depends_on	array or object	Service dependency ordering
devices	array of strings	Device mappings passed to container
user	string	User to run container as
security_opt	array of strings	Security options
shm_size	string	Shared memory size
stop_grace_period	string or int	Time before SIGKILL
ulimits	object	Resource limits (e.g., nofile: {soft: 65536, hard: 65536})
build	object or string	Build configuration (context, dockerfile, args)
healthcheck	object	Health check (test, interval, timeout, retries, start_period)
stdin_open	boolean	Keep stdin open
expose	array	Internal ports (not published to host)
secrets	array of strings	Secrets to expose
attach	boolean	Attach to stdio

Port Format — Two Styles

RouterOS supports two port mapping string formats. Both are valid; new apps from 7.23beta2+ prefer the colon style.

Old OCI-style (pre-7.23)

[ip:]host_port:container_port[/tcp|/udp][:label]

Examples:

ports:
  - "8080:80/tcp"
  - "8443:443/tcp:https"
  - "192.168.1.1:53:53/udp:dns"

New RouterOS style (7.23+)

[ip:]host_port:container_port[:label][:tcp|:udp]

Protocol is appended with colon instead of slash:

ports:
  - "8080:80:web:tcp"
  - "8443:443:https:tcp"
  - "53:53:dns:udp"

Long-form (object) syntax

ports:
  - target: 80
    published: 8080
    protocol: tcp
    name: web
    app_protocol: http

IP Addresses and Placeholders in Ports

Port strings can include literal IPs or placeholder expressions:

ports:
  - "[accessIP]:[accessPort]:80/tcp:web"      # Old style with placeholders
  - "[accessIP]:[accessPort]:80:web:tcp"       # New style with placeholders

Placeholders

RouterOS expands these placeholders at deploy time:

Placeholder	Expands to
[accessIP]	IP address for accessing the app from outside
[accessPort]	Primary host port for external access
[accessPort2]	Secondary host port
[containerIP]	IP address assigned to the container
[routerIP]	Router's own IP address

Placeholders appear in port mappings, environment values, and config content.

Configs (Inline Files)

Top-level configs: declares config content; services reference them:

configs:
  my-config:
    content: |
      server {
        listen 80;
        server_name [accessIP];
      }

services:
  web:
    image: nginx:alpine
    configs:
      - source: my-config
        target: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
        mode: 0644

Volumes and Networks

volumes:
  app-data: {}      # Named volume (null or empty object)

networks:
  app-net:
    name: my-network
    external: true   # Use existing RouterOS network

Store Schema (app-store-urls)

RouterOS can load app collections from URLs configured via app-store-urls=. The store format is simply a YAML array of /app definitions:

- name: app-one
  services:
    web:
      image: nginx:alpine
- name: app-two
  services:
    db:
      image: postgres:16

Store files use the .tikappstore.yaml extension by convention.

REST API for /app

// List all /app entries (built-in + custom)
const apps = await fetch(`${base}/app`, auth).then(r => r.json());

// Each entry has: .id, name, yaml (raw YAML string), and metadata
// The 'yaml' field is a RouterOS string containing the full YAML document

// Add a custom /app from URL
await fetch(`${base}/app`, {
  method: "PUT",
  ...auth,
  body: JSON.stringify({ "yaml-url": "https://example.com/my-app.tikapp.yaml" }),
});

Note: The /app endpoint requires the container extra package to be installed.

JSON Schema for Validation

Two schema variants exist for each /app document:

Schema	Purpose	Port validation	Env var names
*.latest.json	CI/strict validation	Regex patterns enforced	^[A-Z_][A-Z0-9_]*$ only
*.editor.json	Editor/SchemaStore UX	No regex (allows autocompletion)	Case-insensitive

The strict schema has regex pattern on port strings which prevents VSCode autocompletion — the YAML extension won't suggest values for fields with patterns. The editor variant removes these patterns.

VSCode Integration

Add to VSCode settings for YAML autocompletion:

{
  "yaml.schemas": {
    "https://tikoci.github.io/restraml/routeros-app-yaml-schema.latest.json": "*.tikapp.yaml",
    "https://tikoci.github.io/restraml/routeros-app-yaml-store-schema.latest.json": "*.tikappstore.yaml"
  }
}

Use .editor.json URLs for better autocompletion at the cost of less strict validation.

Version History

• 7.22: Initial /app support with basic service properties
• 7.23beta2: New colon-style port format (:tcp/:udp suffix)
• 7.23+: Additional service properties (devices, expose, secrets, attach)

Common Mistakes

• Assuming docker-compose compatibility — not all properties are supported, some behave differently
• Using version: key — RouterOS ignores it; not needed
• Mixing port format styles in a single entry — each port string must use ONE style exclusively
• Uppercase env var names required in strict validation — use *.editor.json for mixed case
• Forgetting the container package — /app returns 404 without the container extra package
• Using deploy: or resources: — not supported by RouterOS

Additional Resources

• For RouterOS fundamentals, CLI syntax, REST API: see the routeros-fundamentals skill
• For running CHR in QEMU (needed to test /app): see the routeros-qemu-chr skill
• MikroTik forum reference: https://forum.mikrotik.com/t/amm0s-manual-for-custom-app-containers-7-22beta/268036/22