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snapshot

snapshot

github.com/chatermCloud & DevOps5958 installsUpdated 34w ago
Repository

About snapshot

A snapshot-management skill for administrators handling LVM, Btrfs, ZFS, and cloud snapshots. It covers creating, mounting, restoring, transferring, and removing snapshots, with examples for backup and recovery tasks.

Key features

  1. 01Create and manage LVM snapshots
  2. 02Create and transfer Btrfs snapshots
  3. 03Create, clone, and roll back ZFS snapshots
  4. 04Manage AWS EBS and Alibaba Cloud snapshots
  5. 05Troubleshoot snapshot space and status

Use cases

  1. 01Recover data from a volume snapshot
  2. 02Send Btrfs snapshots to a backup target
  3. 03Create snapshots for database backups
  4. 04Diagnose snapshot capacity issues

Install

Copy the command and run it in a terminal.

$npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill snapshot

After installing, type/snapshotin Claude Code to confirm it loaded.

Details

From the project README

快照管理

概述

LVM 快照、文件系统快照、云快照管理技能。

LVM 快照

创建快照
# 查看逻辑卷
lvs
lvdisplay

# 创建快照
lvcreate -L 10G -s -n snap_data /dev/vg0/data

# 创建薄快照
lvcreate -s -n snap_data /dev/vg0/thin_data

# 查看快照
lvs -a
lvdisplay /dev/vg0/snap_data
挂载快照
# 挂载只读
mount -o ro /dev/vg0/snap_data /mnt/snapshot

# 挂载读写
mount /dev/vg0/snap_data /mnt/snapshot
恢复数据
# 从快照恢复
lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/snap_data

# 恢复前需卸载原卷
umount /dev/vg0/data
lvconvert --merge /dev/vg0/snap_data
mount /dev/vg0/data /data
删除快照
# 卸载并删除
umount /mnt/snapshot
lvremove /dev/vg0/snap_data

Btrfs 快照

创建快照
# 创建只读快照
btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /data /snapshots/data_$(date +%Y%m%d)

# 创建可写快照
btrfs subvolume snapshot /data /snapshots/data_writable

# 查看子卷
btrfs subvolume list /
管理快照
# 删除快照
btrfs subvolume delete /snapshots/data_20240101

# 发送快照（备份）
btrfs send /snapshots/data_readonly | btrfs receive /backup/

# 增量发送
btrfs send -p /snapshots/old /snapshots/new | btrfs receive /backup/

ZFS 快照

创建快照
# 创建快照
zfs snapshot pool/dataset@snap_$(date +%Y%m%d)

# 递归创建
zfs snapshot -r pool/dataset@snap_name

# 查看快照
zfs list -t snapshot
管理快照
# 回滚
zfs rollback pool/dataset@snap_name

# 克隆
zfs clone pool/dataset@snap_name pool/clone_dataset

# 删除
zfs destroy pool/dataset@snap_name

# 发送/接收
zfs send pool/dataset@snap | zfs receive backup/dataset

云快照

AWS EBS
# 创建快照
aws ec2 create-snapshot \
    --volume-id vol-1234567890abcdef0 \
    --description "Backup $(date +%Y%m%d)"

# 查看快照
aws ec2 describe-snapshots --owner-ids self

# 从快照创建卷
aws ec2 create-volume \
    --snapshot-id snap-1234567890abcdef0 \
    --availability-zone us-east-1a

# 删除快照
aws ec2 delete-snapshot --snapshot-id snap-1234567890abcdef0
阿里云
# 创建快照
aliyun ecs CreateSnapshot --DiskId d-xxx --SnapshotName backup

# 查看快照
aliyun ecs DescribeSnapshots

# 删除快照
aliyun ecs DeleteSnapshot --SnapshotId s-xxx

常见场景

场景 1：数据库一致性快照
#!/bin/bash
# MySQL + LVM 快照
mysql -e "FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;"
lvcreate -L 10G -s -n db_snap /dev/vg0/mysql_data
mysql -e "UNLOCK TABLES;"

# 备份快照
mount -o ro /dev/vg0/db_snap /mnt/snap
tar -czvf /backup/mysql_$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz /mnt/snap
umount /mnt/snap
lvremove -f /dev/vg0/db_snap
场景 2：自动快照脚本
#!/bin/bash
# Btrfs 自动快照
SNAP_DIR="/snapshots"
MAX_SNAPS=7

# 创建快照
btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /data ${SNAP_DIR}/data_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M)

# 清理旧快照
ls -1d ${SNAP_DIR}/data_* | head -n -${MAX_SNAPS} | xargs -r btrfs subvolume delete
场景 3：快照前后钩子
#!/bin/bash
# 快照前
systemctl stop application
sync

# 创建快照
lvcreate -L 5G -s -n app_snap /dev/vg0/app_data

# 快照后
systemctl start application

故障排查

问题排查方法
快照空间满扩展快照、减少变更
快照失效检查 COW 空间
恢复失败检查卷状态、依赖
性能下降减少快照数量
# LVM 快照状态
lvs -a -o +snap_percent

# Btrfs 空间
btrfs filesystem df /
btrfs filesystem usage /

# ZFS 空间
zfs list -o space

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