flutter-api

Flutter API リファレンスガイド

概要

このスキルでは、Flutter SDK の主要なライブラリとパッケージを網羅した、Flutter API の包括的なガイダンスを提供します。Flutter は、単一のコードベースからモバイル、Web、デスクトップ向けのネイティブコンパイルアプリケーションを構築するための、Google の UI ツールキットです。

Flutter のコアライブラリ

ウィジェット（flutter/widgets.dart）

Flutter アプリの基本的な構成要素を提供する、基盤となるウィジェットライブラリです。

基本ウィジェット

import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';

// Container - A convenience widget combining common painting, positioning, and sizing
Container(
  padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
  margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8.0),
  decoration: BoxDecoration(
    color: Colors.white,
    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8.0),
    boxShadow: [BoxShadow(color: Colors.grey, blurRadius: 4.0)],
  ),
  child: Text('Hello Flutter'),
)

// Text - Display text with styling
Text(
  'Hello World',
  style: TextStyle(
    fontSize: 24.0,
    fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
    color: Colors.blue,
  ),
)

// Row & Column - Layout widgets
Row(
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
  crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
  children: [
    Icon(Icons.star),
    Text('Rating'),
    Text('4.5'),
  ],
)

Column(
  mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
  children: [
    Text('Title'),
    Text('Subtitle'),
  ],
)

// Stack - Overlay widgets
Stack(
  children: [
    Container(color: Colors.blue),
    Positioned(
      top: 10,
      left: 10,
      child: Text('Overlay'),
    ),
  ],
)

レイアウトウィジェット

// Padding - Add padding around a widget
Padding(
  padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
  child: Text('Padded text'),
)

// Center - Center a widget
Center(child: Text('Centered'))

// Align - Align widget within parent
Align(
  alignment: Alignment.topRight,
  child: Icon(Icons.close),
)

// SizedBox - Fixed size box or spacing
SizedBox(
  width: 100,
  height: 50,
  child: ElevatedButton(
    onPressed: () {},
    child: Text('Button'),
  ),
)

// Flexible & Expanded - Responsive sizing
Row(
  children: [
    Flexible(
      flex: 2,
      child: Container(color: Colors.red),
    ),
    Expanded(
      flex: 3,
      child: Container(color: Colors.blue),
    ),
  ],
)

// Wrap - Flow layout that wraps children
Wrap(
  spacing: 8.0,
  runSpacing: 4.0,
  children: [
    Chip(label: Text('Tag 1')),
    Chip(label: Text('Tag 2')),
    Chip(label: Text('Tag 3')),
  ],
)

リストウィジェット

// ListView - Scrollable list
ListView(
  children: [
    ListTile(title: Text('Item 1')),
    ListTile(title: Text('Item 2')),
    ListTile(title: Text('Item 3')),
  ],
)

// ListView.builder - Efficient for large lists
ListView.builder(
  itemCount: items.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    return ListTile(title: Text(items[index]));
  },
)

// ListView.separated - With separators
ListView.separated(
  itemCount: items.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) => ListTile(title: Text(items[index])),
  separatorBuilder: (context, index) => Divider(),
)

// GridView - Grid layout
GridView.count(
  crossAxisCount: 2,
  crossAxisSpacing: 10,
  mainAxisSpacing: 10,
  children: [
    Card(child: Center(child: Text('1'))),
    Card(child: Center(child: Text('2'))),
    Card(child: Center(child: Text('3'))),
    Card(child: Center(child: Text('4'))),
  ],
)

// GridView.builder - Efficient grid
GridView.builder(
  gridDelegate: SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount(
    crossAxisCount: 3,
    crossAxisSpacing: 10,
    mainAxisSpacing: 10,
  ),
  itemCount: items.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    return Card(child: Center(child: Text('Item $index')));
  },
)

マテリアルデザイン（flutter/material.dart）

マテリアルデザインのガイドラインに沿ったウィジェットを備える、Flutter のマテリアルデザイン実装です。

マテリアルウィジェット

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

// Scaffold - Basic material app structure
Scaffold(
  appBar: AppBar(
    title: Text('My App'),
    actions: [
      IconButton(icon: Icon(Icons.search), onPressed: () {}),
      IconButton(icon: Icon(Icons.more_vert), onPressed: () {}),
    ],
  ),
  body: Center(child: Text('Content')),
  floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
    onPressed: () {},
    child: Icon(Icons.add),
  ),
  drawer: Drawer(
    child: ListView(
      children: [
        DrawerHeader(child: Text('Header')),
        ListTile(title: Text('Item 1')),
        ListTile(title: Text('Item 2')),
      ],
    ),
  ),
  bottomNavigationBar: BottomNavigationBar(
    items: [
      BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.home), label: 'Home'),
      BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.search), label: 'Search'),
      BottomNavigationBarItem(icon: Icon(Icons.person), label: 'Profile'),
    ],
  ),
)

// Card - Material design card
Card(
  elevation: 4.0,
  margin: EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
  child: Padding(
    padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.0),
    child: Column(
      children: [
        Text('Card Title', style: Theme.of(context).textTheme.headlineSmall),
        SizedBox(height: 8),
        Text('Card content goes here'),
      ],
    ),
  ),
)

// Buttons
ElevatedButton(
  onPressed: () {},
  child: Text('Elevated Button'),
)

TextButton(
  onPressed: () {},
  child: Text('Text Button'),
)

OutlinedButton(
  onPressed: () {},
  child: Text('Outlined Button'),
)

IconButton(
  icon: Icon(Icons.favorite),
  onPressed: () {},
)

FloatingActionButton(
  onPressed: () {},
  child: Icon(Icons.add),
)

フォームウィジェット

// TextField - Text input
TextField(
  decoration: InputDecoration(
    labelText: 'Enter your name',
    hintText: 'John Doe',
    prefixIcon: Icon(Icons.person),
    border: OutlineInputBorder(),
  ),
  onChanged: (value) {
    print('Text changed: $value');
  },
)

// Form with validation
final _formKey = GlobalKey<FormState>();

Form(
  key: _formKey,
  child: Column(
    children: [
      TextFormField(
        decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Email'),
        validator: (value) {
          if (value == null || value.isEmpty) {
            return 'Please enter email';
          }
          if (!value.contains('@')) {
            return 'Please enter valid email';
          }
          return null;
        },
      ),
      TextFormField(
        decoration: InputDecoration(labelText: 'Password'),
        obscureText: true,
        validator: (value) {
          if (value == null || value.length < 6) {
            return 'Password must be at least 6 characters';
          }
          return null;
        },
      ),
      ElevatedButton(
        onPressed: () {
          if (_formKey.currentState!.validate()) {
            // Process form
          }
        },
        child: Text('Submit'),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

// Checkbox
Checkbox(
  value: isChecked,
  onChanged: (bool? value) {
    setState(() {
      isChecked = value ?? false;
    });
  },
)

// Radio buttons
Column(
  children: [
    RadioListTile<String>(
      title: Text('Option 1'),
      value: 'option1',
      groupValue: selectedOption,
      onChanged: (value) {
        setState(() {
          selectedOption = value!;
        });
      },
    ),
    RadioListTile<String>(
      title: Text('Option 2'),
      value: 'option2',
      groupValue: selectedOption,
      onChanged: (value) {
        setState(() {
          selectedOption = value!;
        });
      },
    ),
  ],
)

// Switch
Switch(
  value: isSwitched,
  onChanged: (value) {
    setState(() {
      isSwitched = value;
    });
  },
)

// Slider
Slider(
  value: currentValue,
  min: 0,
  max: 100,
  divisions: 10,
  label: currentValue.round().toString(),
  onChanged: (value) {
    setState(() {
      currentValue = value;
    });
  },
)

ダイアログとシート

// AlertDialog
showDialog(
  context: context,
  builder: (context) => AlertDialog(
    title: Text('Confirm Action'),
    content: Text('Are you sure you want to proceed?'),
    actions: [
      TextButton(
        onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context),
        child: Text('Cancel'),
      ),
      TextButton(
        onPressed: () {
          // Perform action
          Navigator.pop(context);
        },
        child: Text('Confirm'),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

// SnackBar
ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
  SnackBar(
    content: Text('Action completed'),
    action: SnackBarAction(
      label: 'Undo',
      onPressed: () {
        // Undo action
      },
    ),
    duration: Duration(seconds: 3),
  ),
)

// Bottom Sheet
showModalBottomSheet(
  context: context,
  builder: (context) {
    return Container(
      height: 200,
      child: Column(
        children: [
          ListTile(
            leading: Icon(Icons.share),
            title: Text('Share'),
            onTap: () {},
          ),
          ListTile(
            leading: Icon(Icons.link),
            title: Text('Copy link'),
            onTap: () {},
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  },
)

// Date Picker
showDatePicker(
  context: context,
  initialDate: DateTime.now(),
  firstDate: DateTime(2000),
  lastDate: DateTime(2100),
).then((date) {
  if (date != null) {
    print('Selected date: $date');
  }
});

// Time Picker
showTimePicker(
  context: context,
  initialTime: TimeOfDay.now(),
).then((time) {
  if (time != null) {
    print('Selected time: $time');
  }
});

Cupertino（flutter/cupertino.dart）

Apple のヒューマンインターフェイスガイドラインに沿った、iOS スタイルのウィジェットです。

import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';

// CupertinoApp - iOS-style app
CupertinoApp(
  home: CupertinoPageScaffold(
    navigationBar: CupertinoNavigationBar(
      middle: Text('iOS App'),
    ),
    child: Center(child: Text('Content')),
  ),
)

// Cupertino Buttons
CupertinoButton(
  child: Text('iOS Button'),
  onPressed: () {},
)

CupertinoButton.filled(
  child: Text('Filled Button'),
  onPressed: () {},
)

// Cupertino Dialog
showCupertinoDialog(
  context: context,
  builder: (context) => CupertinoAlertDialog(
    title: Text('Alert'),
    content: Text('This is an iOS-style alert'),
    actions: [
      CupertinoDialogAction(
        child: Text('Cancel'),
        onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context),
      ),
      CupertinoDialogAction(
        isDestructiveAction: true,
        child: Text('Delete'),
        onPressed: () {
          // Delete action
          Navigator.pop(context);
        },
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

// Cupertino Picker
CupertinoPicker(
  itemExtent: 32.0,
  onSelectedItemChanged: (index) {
    print('Selected: $index');
  },
  children: [
    Text('Option 1'),
    Text('Option 2'),
    Text('Option 3'),
  ],
)

// Cupertino Sliver Navigation Bar
CupertinoPageScaffold(
  child: CustomScrollView(
    slivers: [
      CupertinoSliverNavigationBar(
        largeTitle: Text('Large Title'),
      ),
      SliverList(
        delegate: SliverChildBuilderDelegate(
          (context, index) => ListTile(title: Text('Item $index')),
          childCount: 50,
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

ナビゲーション（flutter/material.dart）

// Basic navigation
Navigator.push(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => SecondScreen()),
);

// Pop back
Navigator.pop(context);

// Named routes
MaterialApp(
  initialRoute: '/',
  routes: {
    '/': (context) => HomeScreen(),
    '/details': (context) => DetailsScreen(),
    '/settings': (context) => SettingsScreen(),
  },
);

// Navigate to named route
Navigator.pushNamed(context, '/details');

// Pass arguments
Navigator.pushNamed(
  context,
  '/details',
  arguments: {'id': 123, 'title': 'Item'},
);

// Receive arguments
class DetailsScreen extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    final args = ModalRoute.of(context)!.settings.arguments as Map;
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(title: Text(args['title'])),
      body: Text('ID: ${args['id']}'),
    );
  }
}

// Replace route
Navigator.pushReplacement(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => NewScreen()),
);

// Remove all and push
Navigator.pushAndRemoveUntil(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => HomeScreen()),
  (route) => false,
);

// Return data from screen
// On second screen
Navigator.pop(context, 'Result data');

// On first screen
final result = await Navigator.push(
  context,
  MaterialPageRoute(builder: (context) => SecondScreen()),
);
print('Result: $result');

アニメーション（flutter/animation.dart）

import 'package:flutter/animation.dart';

// AnimationController
class AnimatedWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _AnimatedWidgetState createState() => _AnimatedWidgetState();
}

class _AnimatedWidgetState extends State<AnimatedWidget>
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  late AnimationController _controller;
  late Animation<double> _animation;

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _controller = AnimationController(
      duration: Duration(seconds: 2),
      vsync: this,
    );

    _animation = Tween<double>(begin: 0, end: 300).animate(
      CurvedAnimation(parent: _controller, curve: Curves.easeInOut),
    );

    _controller.forward();
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AnimatedBuilder(
      animation: _animation,
      builder: (context, child) {
        return Container(
          width: _animation.value,
          height: _animation.value,
          color: Colors.blue,
        );
      },
    );
  }
}

// Implicit animations
AnimatedContainer(
  duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
  width: isExpanded ? 200 : 100,
  height: isExpanded ? 200 : 100,
  color: isExpanded ? Colors.blue : Colors.red,
  curve: Curves.easeInOut,
)

AnimatedOpacity(
  opacity: isVisible ? 1.0 : 0.0,
  duration: Duration(milliseconds: 500),
  child: Container(color: Colors.blue),
)

AnimatedPositioned(
  duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
  top: isTop ? 0 : 100,
  left: isLeft ? 0 : 100,
  child: Container(width: 50, height: 50, color: Colors.red),
)

// Hero animation
// On first screen
Hero(
  tag: 'hero-image',
  child: Image.network('url'),
)

// On second screen
Hero(
  tag: 'hero-image',
  child: Image.network('url'),
)

// TweenAnimationBuilder
TweenAnimationBuilder<double>(
  tween: Tween<double>(begin: 0, end: 1),
  duration: Duration(seconds: 1),
  builder: (context, value, child) {
    return Opacity(
      opacity: value,
      child: Transform.scale(
        scale: value,
        child: child,
      ),
    );
  },
  child: Container(width: 100, height: 100, color: Colors.blue),
)

ジェスチャー（flutter/gestures.dart）

// GestureDetector
GestureDetector(
  onTap: () => print('Tapped'),
  onDoubleTap: () => print('Double tapped'),
  onLongPress: () => print('Long pressed'),
  onPanUpdate: (details) {
    print('Pan: ${details.delta}');
  },
  onScaleUpdate: (details) {
    print('Scale: ${details.scale}');
  },
  child: Container(
    width: 200,
    height: 200,
    color: Colors.blue,
    child: Center(child: Text('Touch me')),
  ),
)

// InkWell - Material ripple effect
InkWell(
  onTap: () {},
  onLongPress: () {},
  splashColor: Colors.blue.withOpacity(0.3),
  child: Container(
    padding: EdgeInsets.all(16),
    child: Text('Tap me'),
  ),
)

// Dismissible - Swipe to dismiss
Dismissible(
  key: Key(item.id),
  direction: DismissDirection.endToStart,
  background: Container(
    color: Colors.red,
    alignment: Alignment.centerRight,
    padding: EdgeInsets.only(right: 16),
    child: Icon(Icons.delete, color: Colors.white),
  ),
  onDismissed: (direction) {
    // Remove item
  },
  child: ListTile(title: Text(item.title)),
)

// Draggable
Draggable<String>(
  data: 'Item data',
  child: Container(
    width: 100,
    height: 100,
    color: Colors.blue,
    child: Center(child: Text('Drag me')),
  ),
  feedback: Material(
    elevation: 4,
    child: Container(
      width: 100,
      height: 100,
      color: Colors.blue.withOpacity(0.5),
      child: Center(child: Text('Dragging')),
    ),
  ),
  childWhenDragging: Container(
    width: 100,
    height: 100,
    color: Colors.grey,
  ),
)

// DragTarget
DragTarget<String>(
  builder: (context, candidateData, rejectedData) {
    return Container(
      width: 200,
      height: 200,
      color: candidateData.isEmpty ? Colors.grey : Colors.green,
      child: Center(child: Text('Drop here')),
    );
  },
  onWillAccept: (data) => true,
  onAccept: (data) {
    print('Received: $data');
  },
)

状態管理

// StatefulWidget
class CounterWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _CounterWidgetState createState() => _CounterWidgetState();
}

class _CounterWidgetState extends State<CounterWidget> {
  int _counter = 0;

  void _incrementCounter() {
    setState(() {
      _counter++;
    });
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      children: [
        Text('Count: $_counter'),
        ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: _incrementCounter,
          child: Text('Increment'),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

// InheritedWidget
class AppState extends InheritedWidget {
  final String username;
  final VoidCallback logout;

  AppState({
    required this.username,
    required this.logout,
    required Widget child,
  }) : super(child: child);

  static AppState? of(BuildContext context) {
    return context.dependOnInheritedWidgetOfExactType<AppState>();
  }

  @override
  bool updateShouldNotify(AppState oldWidget) {
    return username != oldWidget.username;
  }
}

// Usage
AppState(
  username: 'John',
  logout: () {},
  child: MyApp(),
)

// Access in child widgets
final appState = AppState.of(context);
print(appState?.username);

// ValueNotifier
class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyWidgetState createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State<MyWidget> {
  final ValueNotifier<int> _counter = ValueNotifier<int>(0);

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _counter.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Column(
      children: [
        ValueListenableBuilder<int>(
          valueListenable: _counter,
          builder: (context, value, child) {
            return Text('Count: $value');
          },
        ),
        ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () => _counter.value++,
          child: Text('Increment'),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

非同期処理と Future

// FutureBuilder
FutureBuilder<String>(
  future: fetchData(),
  builder: (context, snapshot) {
    if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
      return CircularProgressIndicator();
    }

    if (snapshot.hasError) {
      return Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}');
    }

    if (snapshot.hasData) {
      return Text('Data: ${snapshot.data}');
    }

    return Text('No data');
  },
)

// StreamBuilder
StreamBuilder<int>(
  stream: counterStream,
  initialData: 0,
  builder: (context, snapshot) {
    if (snapshot.hasError) {
      return Text('Error: ${snapshot.error}');
    }

    return Text('Count: ${snapshot.data}');
  },
)

// Example async function
Future<String> fetchData() async {
  await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 2));
  return 'Data loaded';
}

// Example stream
Stream<int> counterStream() async* {
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    await Future.delayed(Duration(seconds: 1));
    yield i;
  }
}

プラットフォームチャネル

import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

// Method Channel
class BatteryService {
  static const platform = MethodChannel('samples.flutter.dev/battery');

  Future<int?> getBatteryLevel() async {
    try {
      final int? result = await platform.invokeMethod('getBatteryLevel');
      return result;
    } on PlatformException catch (e) {
      print("Failed to get battery level: '${e.message}'.");
      return null;
    }
  }
}

// Event Channel
class SensorService {
  static const eventChannel = EventChannel('samples.flutter.dev/sensor');

  Stream<double> get sensorStream {
    return eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream().map((event) => event as double);
  }
}

// Usage
final batteryLevel = await BatteryService().getBatteryLevel();
print('Battery: $batteryLevel%');

SensorService().sensorStream.listen((value) {
  print('Sensor value: $value');
});

一般的なパターン

レスポンシブデザイン

// MediaQuery
final size = MediaQuery.of(context).size;
final isPortrait = MediaQuery.of(context).orientation == Orientation.portrait;

Container(
  width: size.width * 0.8,
  height: size.height * 0.5,
)

// LayoutBuilder
LayoutBuilder(
  builder: (context, constraints) {
    if (constraints.maxWidth > 600) {
      return TabletLayout();
    } else {
      return MobileLayout();
    }
  },
)

// OrientationBuilder
OrientationBuilder(
  builder: (context, orientation) {
    return GridView.count(
      crossAxisCount: orientation == Orientation.portrait ? 2 : 4,
      children: items,
    );
  },
)

テーマ管理

// Define theme
final lightTheme = ThemeData(
  primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
  brightness: Brightness.light,
  textTheme: TextTheme(
    headlineLarge: TextStyle(fontSize: 32, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold),
    bodyMedium: TextStyle(fontSize: 16),
  ),
  elevatedButtonTheme: ElevatedButtonThemeData(
    style: ElevatedButton.styleFrom(
      padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 32, vertical: 16),
    ),
  ),
);

final darkTheme = ThemeData(
  primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
  brightness: Brightness.dark,
);

// Apply theme
MaterialApp(
  theme: lightTheme,
  darkTheme: darkTheme,
  themeMode: ThemeMode.system,
  home: HomeScreen(),
)

// Access theme
final theme = Theme.of(context);
Text(
  'Styled Text',
  style: theme.textTheme.headlineLarge,
)

パフォーマンスの最適化

// const constructors
const Text('Static text')
const Icon(Icons.home)

// ListView.builder for large lists (already shown above)

// RepaintBoundary
RepaintBoundary(
  child: ExpensiveWidget(),
)

// AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin
class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyWidgetState createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State<MyWidget>
    with AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin {

  @override
  bool get wantKeepAlive => true;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    super.build(context); // Must call
    return Container();
  }
}

リソース

このスキルには、API をさらに詳しく調べるためのリファレンスドキュメントが含まれています。

references/

• api_reference.md - 追加の例を含む包括的な API リファレンス
• ここにライブラリのドキュメントを追加できます

最新のドキュメントについては、以下をご覧ください。

• 公式 API ドキュメント：https://api.flutter.dev/
• Flutter ドキュメント：https://docs.flutter.dev/
• ウィジェットカタログ：https://docs.flutter.dev/ui/widgets

クイックリファレンス

よく使うインポート

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';  // Material Design
import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart'; // iOS style
import 'package:flutter/widgets.dart';   // Base widgets
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';  // Platform services

ウィジェットのライフサイクル

initState()      // Called once when widget is created
build()          // Called when widget needs to be rendered
setState()       // Trigger rebuild
dispose()        // Called when widget is removed

よく使うウィジェットのプロパティ

• key - 一意の識別子
• child / children - 子ウィジェット
• padding - 内側の余白
• margin - 外側の余白
• decoration - 視覚的な装飾
• constraints - サイズ制約
• alignment - 子要素の配置

レイアウトのガイドライン

• 垂直方向のレイアウトには Column を使用します
• 水平方向のレイアウトには Row を使用します
• ウィジェットを重ねるには Stack を使用します
• レスポンシブなサイズ設定には Expanded / Flexible を使用します
• スクロール可能なリストには ListView を使用します
• グリッドレイアウトには GridView を使用します
• 高度なスクロールには、Slivers とともに CustomScrollView を使用します