macos-native

macOS ネイティブ開発

AppKit と最新の macOS API を使用して、ネイティブ macOS アプリケーションを構築するための包括的なガイドです。

フレームワークの概要

フレームワーク	用途	備考
AppKit	従来型の Mac アプリ	柔軟な制御、成熟したフレームワーク
SwiftUI	最新の Mac アプリ	クロスプラットフォーム、宣言型
Catalyst	Mac 上の iPad アプリ	簡単に移植可能、制約あり
AppKit + SwiftUI	ハイブリッド方式	両方の利点を活用

---

AppKit の基礎

アプリケーションの構造

// AppDelegate.swift
import Cocoa

@main
class AppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate {
    var mainWindow: NSWindow?

    func applicationDidFinishLaunching(_ notification: Notification) {
        setupMainWindow()
        setupMainMenu()
    }

    func applicationWillTerminate(_ notification: Notification) {
        // Cleanup
    }

    func applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed(_ sender: NSApplication) -> Bool {
        return true
    }

    private func setupMainWindow() {
        let contentRect = NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 800, height: 600)
        let styleMask: NSWindow.StyleMask = [
            .titled, .closable, .miniaturizable, .resizable
        ]

        mainWindow = NSWindow(
            contentRect: contentRect,
            styleMask: styleMask,
            backing: .buffered,
            defer: false
        )

        mainWindow?.title = "My Mac App"
        mainWindow?.contentViewController = MainViewController()
        mainWindow?.center()
        mainWindow?.makeKeyAndOrderFront(nil)
    }
}

ビューコントローラー

import Cocoa

class MainViewController: NSViewController {
    private let tableView = NSTableView()
    private let scrollView = NSScrollView()
    private var items: [String] = []

    override func loadView() {
        view = NSView(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 800, height: 600))
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        setupUI()
        loadData()
    }

    private func setupUI() {
        // Setup scroll view
        scrollView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        scrollView.hasVerticalScroller = true
        scrollView.documentView = tableView
        view.addSubview(scrollView)

        // Setup table view
        let column = NSTableColumn(identifier: NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("main"))
        column.title = "Items"
        column.width = 200
        tableView.addTableColumn(column)
        tableView.delegate = self
        tableView.dataSource = self

        // Constraints
        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            scrollView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.topAnchor, constant: 20),
            scrollView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.leadingAnchor, constant: 20),
            scrollView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.trailingAnchor, constant: -20),
            scrollView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.bottomAnchor, constant: -20),
        ])
    }

    private func loadData() {
        items = ["Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3"]
        tableView.reloadData()
    }
}

extension MainViewController: NSTableViewDataSource, NSTableViewDelegate {
    func numberOfRows(in tableView: NSTableView) -> Int {
        return items.count
    }

    func tableView(_ tableView: NSTableView, viewFor tableColumn: NSTableColumn?, row: Int) -> NSView? {
        let identifier = NSUserInterfaceItemIdentifier("cell")
        var cell = tableView.makeView(withIdentifier: identifier, owner: nil) as? NSTextField

        if cell == nil {
            cell = NSTextField(labelWithString: "")
            cell?.identifier = identifier
        }

        cell?.stringValue = items[row]
        return cell
    }
}

---

メニューバーアプリ

ステータス項目

import Cocoa

class StatusBarController {
    private var statusItem: NSStatusItem?
    private var popover: NSPopover?

    init() {
        setupStatusItem()
        setupPopover()
    }

    private func setupStatusItem() {
        statusItem = NSStatusBar.system.statusItem(withLength: NSStatusItem.variableLength)

        if let button = statusItem?.button {
            button.image = NSImage(systemSymbolName: "star.fill", accessibilityDescription: "App")
            button.action = #selector(togglePopover)
            button.target = self
        }
    }

    private func setupPopover() {
        popover = NSPopover()
        popover?.contentViewController = PopoverViewController()
        popover?.behavior = .transient
    }

    @objc private func togglePopover() {
        guard let button = statusItem?.button, let popover = popover else { return }

        if popover.isShown {
            popover.performClose(nil)
        } else {
            popover.show(relativeTo: button.bounds, of: button, preferredEdge: .minY)
            NSApp.activate(ignoringOtherApps: true)
        }
    }
}

class PopoverViewController: NSViewController {
    override func loadView() {
        view = NSView(frame: NSRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 300, height: 200))
    }

    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()

        let label = NSTextField(labelWithString: "Menu Bar App Content")
        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
        view.addSubview(label)

        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
            label.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor),
            label.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor),
        ])
    }
}

メニューの構築

func setupMainMenu() {
    let mainMenu = NSMenu()

    // App Menu
    let appMenu = NSMenu()
    let appMenuItem = NSMenuItem()
    appMenuItem.submenu = appMenu

    appMenu.addItem(withTitle: "About My App", action: #selector(NSApplication.orderFrontStandardAboutPanel(_:)), keyEquivalent: "")
    appMenu.addItem(NSMenuItem.separator())
    appMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Preferences...", action: #selector(showPreferences), keyEquivalent: ",")
    appMenu.addItem(NSMenuItem.separator())
    appMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Quit My App", action: #selector(NSApplication.terminate(_:)), keyEquivalent: "q")

    mainMenu.addItem(appMenuItem)

    // File Menu
    let fileMenu = NSMenu(title: "File")
    let fileMenuItem = NSMenuItem()
    fileMenuItem.submenu = fileMenu

    fileMenu.addItem(withTitle: "New", action: #selector(newDocument), keyEquivalent: "n")
    fileMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Open...", action: #selector(openDocument), keyEquivalent: "o")
    fileMenu.addItem(NSMenuItem.separator())
    fileMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Save", action: #selector(saveDocument), keyEquivalent: "s")

    mainMenu.addItem(fileMenuItem)

    // Edit Menu
    let editMenu = NSMenu(title: "Edit")
    let editMenuItem = NSMenuItem()
    editMenuItem.submenu = editMenu

    editMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Undo", action: Selector(("undo:")), keyEquivalent: "z")
    editMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Redo", action: Selector(("redo:")), keyEquivalent: "Z")
    editMenu.addItem(NSMenuItem.separator())
    editMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Cut", action: #selector(NSText.cut(_:)), keyEquivalent: "x")
    editMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Copy", action: #selector(NSText.copy(_:)), keyEquivalent: "c")
    editMenu.addItem(withTitle: "Paste", action: #selector(NSText.paste(_:)), keyEquivalent: "v")

    mainMenu.addItem(editMenuItem)

    NSApp.mainMenu = mainMenu
}

---

ドキュメントベースのアプリ

ドキュメントコントローラー

import Cocoa
import UniformTypeIdentifiers

class MyDocument: NSDocument {
    var content: String = ""

    override class var autosavesInPlace: Bool { true }

    override func makeWindowControllers() {
        let storyboard = NSStoryboard(name: "Main", bundle: nil)
        let windowController = storyboard.instantiateController(
            withIdentifier: "Document Window Controller"
        ) as! NSWindowController
        addWindowController(windowController)
    }

    override func data(ofType typeName: String) throws -> Data {
        guard let data = content.data(using: .utf8) else {
            throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: unimpErr)
        }
        return data
    }

    override func read(from data: Data, ofType typeName: String) throws {
        guard let content = String(data: data, encoding: .utf8) else {
            throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: unimpErr)
        }
        self.content = content
    }
}

// Info.plist Document Types
/*
<key>CFBundleDocumentTypes</key>
<array>
    <dict>
        <key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
        <string>My Document</string>
        <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
        <string>Editor</string>
        <key>LSHandlerRank</key>
        <string>Owner</string>
        <key>LSItemContentTypes</key>
        <array>
            <string>com.example.mydocument</string>
        </array>
    </dict>
</array>
*/

---

システムとの統合

サービス

// Providing a service
class ServiceProvider: NSObject {
    @objc func processText(_ pboard: NSPasteboard, userData: String, error: AutoreleasingUnsafeMutablePointer<NSString?>) {
        guard let text = pboard.string(forType: .string) else { return }

        let processed = text.uppercased()

        pboard.clearContents()
        pboard.setString(processed, forType: .string)
    }
}

// Register in Info.plist
/*
<key>NSServices</key>
<array>
    <dict>
        <key>NSMenuItem</key>
        <dict>
            <key>default</key>
            <string>Process with My App</string>
        </dict>
        <key>NSMessage</key>
        <string>processText</string>
        <key>NSPortName</key>
        <string>MyApp</string>
        <key>NSSendTypes</key>
        <array>
            <string>NSStringPboardType</string>
        </array>
        <key>NSReturnTypes</key>
        <array>
            <string>NSStringPboardType</string>
        </array>
    </dict>
</array>
*/

ドラッグ＆ドロップ

class DropView: NSView {
    override init(frame frameRect: NSRect) {
        super.init(frame: frameRect)
        registerForDraggedTypes([.fileURL, .string])
    }

    required init?(coder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: coder)
        registerForDraggedTypes([.fileURL, .string])
    }

    override func draggingEntered(_ sender: NSDraggingInfo) -> NSDragOperation {
        return .copy
    }

    override func performDragOperation(_ sender: NSDraggingInfo) -> Bool {
        let pasteboard = sender.draggingPasteboard

        if let urls = pasteboard.readObjects(forClasses: [NSURL.self]) as? [URL] {
            for url in urls {
                handleDroppedFile(url)
            }
            return true
        }

        if let strings = pasteboard.readObjects(forClasses: [NSString.self]) as? [String] {
            for string in strings {
                handleDroppedText(string)
            }
            return true
        }

        return false
    }

    private func handleDroppedFile(_ url: URL) {
        print("Dropped file: \(url)")
    }

    private func handleDroppedText(_ text: String) {
        print("Dropped text: \(text)")
    }
}

通知

import UserNotifications

class NotificationManager {
    static let shared = NotificationManager()

    func requestAuthorization() {
        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().requestAuthorization(options: [.alert, .sound, .badge]) { granted, error in
            if granted {
                print("Notification permission granted")
            }
        }
    }

    func scheduleNotification(title: String, body: String, delay: TimeInterval = 5) {
        let content = UNMutableNotificationContent()
        content.title = title
        content.body = body
        content.sound = .default

        let trigger = UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger(timeInterval: delay, repeats: false)
        let request = UNNotificationRequest(
            identifier: UUID().uuidString,
            content: content,
            trigger: trigger
        )

        UNUserNotificationCenter.current().add(request)
    }
}

---

サンドボックス化とエンタイトルメント

よく使われるエンタイトルメント

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    
    <key>com.apple.security.app-sandbox</key>
    <true/>

    
    <key>com.apple.security.network.client</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.network.server</key>
    <true/>

    
    <key>com.apple.security.files.user-selected.read-write</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.files.downloads.read-write</key>
    <true/>

    
    <key>com.apple.security.device.camera</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.device.microphone</key>
    <true/>

    
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-jit</key>
    <true/>
    <key>com.apple.security.cs.allow-unsigned-executable-memory</key>
    <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

セキュリティスコープ付きブックマーク

class BookmarkManager {
    private let bookmarksKey = "securityScopedBookmarks"

    func saveBookmark(for url: URL) throws {
        let bookmarkData = try url.bookmarkData(
            options: .withSecurityScope,
            includingResourceValuesForKeys: nil,
            relativeTo: nil
        )

        var bookmarks = UserDefaults.standard.dictionary(forKey: bookmarksKey) ?? [:]
        bookmarks[url.path] = bookmarkData
        UserDefaults.standard.set(bookmarks, forKey: bookmarksKey)
    }

    func resolveBookmark(for path: String) -> URL? {
        guard let bookmarks = UserDefaults.standard.dictionary(forKey: bookmarksKey),
              let bookmarkData = bookmarks[path] as? Data else {
            return nil
        }

        var isStale = false
        guard let url = try? URL(
            resolvingBookmarkData: bookmarkData,
            options: .withSecurityScope,
            relativeTo: nil,
            bookmarkDataIsStale: &isStale
        ) else {
            return nil
        }

        if isStale {
            try? saveBookmark(for: url)
        }

        return url
    }

    func accessSecurityScopedResource(_ url: URL, action: (URL) throws -> Void) rethrows {
        guard url.startAccessingSecurityScopedResource() else {
            return
        }
        defer { url.stopAccessingSecurityScopedResource() }
        try action(url)
    }
}

---

チェックリスト

Mac App Store への提出

• App Sandbox を有効化
• Hardened Runtime を有効化
• すべてのエンタイトルメントの必要性を説明
• Info.plist にプライバシーに関する説明を記載
• アプリアイコン（すべてのサイズ）
• App Store 用のスクリーンショット
• 非公開 API を使用していない

ベストプラクティス

• キーボード操作に対応
• システムの外観（ダーク／ライト）に準拠
• フルスクリーンに対応
• ウィンドウの復元に対応
• 適切な取り消し／やり直しを実装
• 標準的なキーボードショートカットに対応