Probative legal-market research

Legal-marketing open data

Published by Probative Growth, a marketing agency for US law firms (SEO and ads, at published monthly prices). Prices: probativegrowth.com/pricing · About: probativegrowth.com/about

Open, citable datasets on US law-firm marketing, maintained by Probative Growth: lawyer advertising rules for all 50 states and DC, bar ad filing and fees, ethics opinions, ad-platform policies, attorney fee caps, federal MDL dockets, Spanish-language demand, and official court, complaint, crash, price and wage statistics.

Every record quotes its primary source and the date it was checked. Each dataset has a DOI on Zenodo. Not legal advice: check the source and your own counsel before you rely on a rule.

Dataset	Files	DOI
Lawyer advertising rules by state (50 states and DC)	data/rules/	10.5281/zenodo.23750572
Attorneys by county in Ohio, California, Michigan, Idaho, Arizona, Washington and Pennsylvania, from each bar's public counts	data/attorneys/	10.5281/zenodo.23777037
Civil aviation accidents by state, year and type of operation (NTSB), 2008 to 2026	data/aviation-accidents/	10.5281/zenodo.23792734
Bankruptcy filings by chapter, court district, state and county, quarterly (U.S. Courts)	data/bankruptcy/	10.5281/zenodo.23739952
The new-lawyer pipeline by jurisdiction: bar exam pass rates and new admissions, 2025	data/bar-pipeline/	10.5281/zenodo.23721443
Probative benchmarks, 2025–2026	data/benchmarks/	10.5281/zenodo.23735849
Recreational boating accidents by state and year: incidents, deaths, injuries and damage (U.S. Coast Guard), 2019 to 2024	data/boating-accidents/	10.5281/zenodo.23792748
New business applications by county (Census Business Formation Statistics)	data/business-applications/	10.5281/zenodo.23752969
California court filings by county: civil, criminal, family, juvenile, probate and appeals, fiscal years 2023–24 and 2024–25	data/ca-courts/	10.5281/zenodo.23658524
Deadlines to file an employment-discrimination charge: the federal EEOC limit and each state agency's own limit	data/charge-deadlines/	10.5281/zenodo.23782861
Federal civil filings by nature of suit and district, 12-month periods since 2018	data/civil-filings/	10.5281/zenodo.23720009
CFPB complaints about debt collection, credit reporting and debt management, by state and month	data/consumer-complaints/	10.5281/zenodo.23733731
FTC Consumer Sentinel reports by state: fraud, identity theft and imposter scams, 2024 Data Book	data/consumer-sentinel/	10.5281/zenodo.23741876
County income and migration from IRS tax returns	data/county-income/	10.5281/zenodo.23752984
Small-claims dollar limits by state: the most a claim can seek in each state's small-claims court	data/court-fees/	10.5281/zenodo.23792752
Crime and arrests by county and state: violent and property crime, DUI and drug arrests (FBI)	data/crime-data/	10.5281/zenodo.23772522
Federal criminal cases by offense and district (U.S. Courts Tables D-1, D-2 and D-3)	data/criminal-filings/	10.5281/zenodo.23744206
Legal market crosswalks: practice areas, federal case codes, states, federal districts and counties	data/crosswalks/	10.5281/zenodo.23744618
Legal deserts: law offices and lawyers per resident in every U.S. county	data/deserts/	10.5281/zenodo.23721430
Medical device adverse event reports by product code and quarter (FDA MAUDE via openFDA)	data/device-events/	10.5281/zenodo.23752988
Social Security disability hearing waits and workloads by hearing office	data/disability-hearings/	10.5281/zenodo.23741884
Serious drug adverse event reports by active ingredient (openFDA FAERS)	data/drug-events/	10.5281/zenodo.23752994
Employment discrimination charges to the EEOC, by state and basis, FY 2009 to FY 2025	data/eeoc-charges/	10.5281/zenodo.23733005
Eviction laws by state and territory: notice, cure, just cause, fees and timing (LSC)	data/eviction-laws/	10.5281/zenodo.23792754
Eviction filings by county and year (LSC Civil Court Data Initiative)	data/evictions/	10.5281/zenodo.23752996
Fair housing complaints by county and basis: Fair Housing Act cases filed with HUD, 2006 to June 2020	data/fair-housing/	10.5281/zenodo.23792758
Fatal crashes by county and type: trucks, motorcycles, pedestrians and bicyclists, NHTSA FARS 2019 to 2024	data/fatal-crashes/	10.5281/zenodo.23733739
Federal civil cases filed, by county of the plaintiff's residence, case type and year (Federal Judicial Center)	data/federal-filings-county/	10.5281/zenodo.23750628
Attorney fee caps and contingency-fee rules, by state and federal program	data/fees/	10.5281/zenodo.23739965
What US state bars charge, and require, to file or review lawyer advertising	data/filing/	10.5281/zenodo.23721409
The US legal market in numbers: headline findings from Probative's open datasets	data/findings/	10.5281/zenodo.23748830
US law firm websites: practices, Spanish, intake, by state, county and practice area	data/firm-web-census/	10.5281/zenodo.23750638
New green cards (lawful permanent residents) by county, country of birth and class of admission	data/green-cards/	10.5281/zenodo.23753002
Hospital patient-safety ratings by state and county: PSI 90 and healthcare-associated infections (CMS Care Compare)	data/hospital-safety/	10.5281/zenodo.23792821
How long federal civil cases take: outcomes, class actions and pro se share by district, nature of suit and year	data/idb-civil/	10.5281/zenodo.23739969
Immigration court backlog, representation and asylum outcomes (EOIR workload statistics and case data)	data/immigration-courts/	10.5281/zenodo.23739986
IRS Data Book by state: returns filed, gross tax collections and refunds, fiscal years 2019 to 2025	data/irs-databook/	10.5281/zenodo.23792826
Spanish-speaking demand vs Spanish-speaking lawyer supply, by state and metro	data/language/	10.5281/zenodo.23656758
Law firm size, solos and receipts, by state: Census SUSB 2022, Nonemployer Statistics 2024 and Economic Census 2022	data/law-firm-economy/	10.5281/zenodo.23739997
Law offices, jobs and pay by county, with solo-practice counts: BLS QCEW, Census CBP and Nonemployer Statistics	data/law-offices/	10.5281/zenodo.23721415
Lawyer, paralegal and legal-staff pay by state and metro (BLS OEWS)	data/lawyer-wages/	10.5281/zenodo.23734840
Legal-aid, public-interest-law and civil-rights nonprofits by county, from the IRS exempt-organization list	data/legal-aid-orgs/	10.5281/zenodo.23782867
Legal need by county: who may need a lawyer, from the American Community Survey	data/legal-need/	10.5281/zenodo.23741886
Legal-services prices and jobs, monthly (BLS CPI, PPI and CES)	data/legal-prices/	10.5281/zenodo.23734854
Statutes of limitations by state: personal injury, medical malpractice, wrongful death, product liability and property damage	data/limitations/	10.5281/zenodo.23743673
Mass-tort docket tracker, federal MDL pending actions by month since 2019	data/mdl/	10.5281/zenodo.23720737
Mine accidents, injuries and illnesses by state, county and degree of injury (MSHA), 2000 to 2026	data/mine-accidents/	10.5281/zenodo.23792833
Mortgage applications, loans and denials by county: home purchase and refinance lending from HMDA	data/mortgage-lending/	10.5281/zenodo.23782874
Nursing home fines and harm citations by county: CMS penalties, actual-harm, immediate-jeopardy and abuse citations	data/nursing-homes/	10.5281/zenodo.23741901
Attorneys registered with the New York courts, by county, status and year of admission (NYS Office of Court Administration)	data/ny-attorneys/	10.5281/zenodo.23753008
New York workers' compensation claims by county and accident year	data/ny-workers-comp/	10.5281/zenodo.23753012
Legal-marketing ethics opinions, 2004–2026	data/opinions/	10.5281/zenodo.23734859
Legal ad-platform policy tracker	data/platforms/	10.5281/zenodo.23716831
Official public statistics behind the practice and state pages: bankruptcy, employment, immigration and personal injury	data/practice-official/	10.5281/zenodo.23782885
Consumer product recalls by year and hazard (CPSC recall notices)	data/product-recalls/	10.5281/zenodo.23779145
Railroad casualties and crossing incidents by county (FRA Forms 55a, 57 and 54)	data/rail-casualties/	10.5281/zenodo.23753016
Referral-fee and fee-splitting rules for lawyers, by state	data/referral/	10.5281/zenodo.23747113
Unwanted-call and text-message complaints to the FCC, by state and month	data/robocall-complaints/	10.5281/zenodo.23733010
State civil-rights agency complaints and charges: figures printed in state annual reports	data/state-civil-rights/	10.5281/zenodo.23753029
State trial-court case filings by county, court level and case type: Texas, Washington, Maryland, Indiana, Wisconsin, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Oregon, West Virginia, Nebraska, Maine and California	data/state-courts/	10.5281/zenodo.23777048
State labor agency wage claims: figures printed in state reports	data/state-wage-claims/	10.5281/zenodo.23753046
Toxic chemical releases by county (EPA Toxics Release Inventory)	data/toxic-releases/	10.5281/zenodo.23753052
Truck and bus crashes by county, state and year (FMCSA crash file)	data/truck-crashes/	10.5281/zenodo.23743677
Texas employers without workers' compensation coverage (non-subscribers), by county	data/tx-nonsubscribers/	10.5281/zenodo.23792847
County and state unemployment: BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics, annual averages and latest month	data/unemployment/	10.5281/zenodo.23753061
USCIS naturalization and green card applications by field office	data/uscis-offices/	10.5281/zenodo.23753086
VA disability compensation recipients by county and combined rating	data/va-compensation/	10.5281/zenodo.23744210
VA disability compensation, pension and survivor dollars by county (VA GDX report)	data/va-spending/	10.5281/zenodo.23753088
Vehicle safety complaints by state, make and model year (NHTSA complaint file)	data/vehicle-complaints/	10.5281/zenodo.23744214
VA-accredited attorneys and claims agents per veteran, by state, with county counts and Board of Veterans' Appeals outcomes by type of representation	data/veterans-representation/	10.5281/zenodo.23740008
Wage-and-hour and OSHA enforcement by county, state, act and industry (U.S. Department of Labor)	data/wage-enforcement/	10.5281/zenodo.23744226
WARN Act layoff and closure notices by county: California and Texas	data/warn-layoffs/	10.5281/zenodo.23753097
Workers' compensation maximum weekly benefit by state: the cap on total-disability pay in each state	data/wc-benefits/	10.5281/zenodo.23792850
Workplace injuries and fatal work injuries by state and industry (BLS SOII and CFOI)	data/work-injuries/	10.5281/zenodo.23740010

Each folder holds the full CSV and JSON, a README.txt with the fields, changes.json (the change log), openapi.json, and CITATION.cff. The root has a CITATION.cff (GitHub's "Cite this repository" button) and a Frictionless datapackage.json that describes every CSV and its fields. Each dataset version has a tagged release.

Live API and MCP server

• JSON API: https://probativegrowth.com/data/v1/index.json (the same records, sharded by state, metro or topic).
• MCP server (read-only, no auth): https://probativegrowth.com/mcp. Listed in the official MCP Registry as com.probativegrowth/legal-marketing-data.
• Docs: https://probativegrowth.com/resources/rules-api/

Install the MCP server

Streamable HTTP, no key, no sign-in. Step-by-step setup for AI agents is in llms-install.md.

One click: Add to VS Code · Add to Cursor (each opens the app and asks you to confirm).

• Claude (web and desktop): Customize, then Connectors, then add a custom connector with the URL https://probativegrowth.com/mcp and no sign-in.
• Claude Code: claude mcp add --transport http probative https://probativegrowth.com/mcp, or install this repo as a plugin: /plugin marketplace add ops864/legal-marketing-data then /plugin install legal-marketing-data@probative
• ChatGPT: in developer mode, create a connector with the URL above and no authentication.
• VS Code (.vscode/mcp.json): {"servers": {"probative": {"type": "http", "url": "https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"}}}, or code --add-mcp '{"name":"probative","type":"http","url":"https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"}'
• Cursor (mcp.json): {"mcpServers": {"probative": {"url": "https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"}}}. Cursor also reads .cursor-plugin/ in this repo.
• Windsurf (Cascade, MCP config file): {"mcpServers": {"probative": {"serverUrl": "https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"}}}
• Cline (cline_mcp_settings.json): {"mcpServers": {"probative": {"type": "streamableHttp", "url": "https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"}}} (without type, Cline assumes the older SSE transport)
• Gemini CLI: gemini mcp add --transport http probative https://probativegrowth.com/mcp, or gemini extensions install https://github.com/ops864/legal-marketing-data (reads gemini-extension.json)
• OpenAI Codex: in ~/.codex/config.toml, [mcp_servers.probative] with url = "https://probativegrowth.com/mcp"

Each dataset also has its own smaller server:

• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/rules: Lawyer advertising rules for all 50 states and DC, each with its source and status.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/attorneys: Attorneys by county for OH, CA, MI, ID, AZ, WA and PA from each bar's public counts, per 10,000 residents, with status and as-of date.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/aviation-accidents: NTSB civil aviation accidents by state and year, 2008 to 2026: accidents, deaths, injuries and type of operation.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/bankruptcy: Bankruptcy filings by chapter, court district, state and county, quarterly from U.S. Courts tables F-5A, F-2 and F.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/bar-pipeline: New lawyers by jurisdiction: bar exam pass rates and admissions, 2025.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/benchmarks: Probative's law-firm marketing benchmarks, aggregated and rounded.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/boating-accidents: USCG recreational boating incidents by state and year, 2019 to 2024: incidents, deaths, injuries and damage in dollars.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/business-applications: Census new business applications by county, 2005-2025: latest count, change over a year and since 2019, state sums.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/ca-courts: Cases filed in each California county's superior court, by case type.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/charge-deadlines: Deadlines to file an employment-discrimination charge, federal and by state, with the statute and verbatim quote.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/civil-filings: Federal civil filings by nature of suit and district since 2018.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/consumer-complaints: CFPB complaints about debt collection, credit reporting and debt management, by state and month since 2018.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/consumer-sentinel: FTC Consumer Sentinel reports by state: fraud, identity theft and imposter scams per 100,000 people (2024 Data Book).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/county-income: IRS income and migration by county: returns, adjusted gross income, change per return, net moves in and out of other states.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/court-fees: Small-claims dollar limits by state, with the statute or court page and the verbatim quote.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/crime-data: FBI violent and property crime, DUI and drug arrests by county and state, five years, with how many agencies reported.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/criminal-filings: Federal criminal defendants by offense and district, U.S. Courts Tables D-1 to D-3, every half-year since 2017.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/crosswalks: Join keys for every dataset: practice areas, federal case codes, states, federal districts and counties.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/deserts: Law offices and lawyers per resident in every US county (legal deserts).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/device-events: FDA medical device adverse event reports by product code and quarter: reports, deaths, injuries, malfunctions (top 300 codes).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/disability-hearings: SSA disability hearing waits, cases pending and processing times by hearing office.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/drug-events: FDA FAERS drug adverse event reports by active ingredient and quarter: serious, deaths, top reactions, MDL tags.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/eeoc-charges: EEOC workplace-discrimination charges by state and basis, FY2009 to FY2025.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/eviction-laws: Eviction laws of every state, DC and five territories (Jan. 2021): notice, cure, just cause, late fees, timing, with the statute.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/evictions: Eviction filings by county and year from LSC's Civil Court Data Initiative, with filings per 100 renter households.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/fair-housing: HUD fair housing cases filed 2006 to June 2020 by state, county and basis (race, disability, familial status and more).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/fatal-crashes: NHTSA fatal crashes by county since 2019: trucks, motorcycles, pedestrians and bicyclists.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/federal-filings-county: Federal civil cases filed by plaintiff county, state, district and case type, ten years, with out-of-state totals.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/fees: Attorney fee caps and contingency-fee limits by state and federal program, plus a fee-cap calculator.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/filing: What each state bar charges and requires to file or review lawyer ads.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/findings: Headline US legal-market counts, each with its denominator, limits and source dataset DOI.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/firm-web-census: US law firms by state, county and practice: firms per practice, Spanish pages, 24/7 intake, coverage vs Census counts.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/green-cards: New green cards (lawful permanent residents) in the top 200 counties by class of admission and country of birth, with state totals.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/hospital-safety: CMS Care Compare hospital patient-safety (PSI 90) and infection ratings by state and county, rated against the national benchmark.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/idb-civil: Federal civil case outcomes (FJC IDB): time to disposition, how cases end, class actions and pro se share, by district and type.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/immigration-courts: Immigration court backlog, representation and asylum outcomes by state and court, from EOIR workload statistics and case data.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/irs-databook: IRS Data Book by state, fiscal years 2019 to 2025: returns filed, gross collections and refunds issued.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/language: Spanish speakers with limited English per Spanish-speaking lawyer, by state and metro.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/law-firm-economy: Law firms by size and state (Census SUSB, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census): firm counts, receipts and solo practices.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/law-offices: Law offices, jobs and pay by county, with solo-practice counts (BLS, Census).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/lawyer-wages: Lawyer and paralegal pay by state and metro from BLS OEWS: employment, mean and median wages and percentiles.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/legal-aid-orgs: Legal-aid, public-interest-law and civil-rights nonprofits per county, state and US, by type and revenue band (IRS EO BMF).
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/legal-need: Who may need a lawyer in every US county (Census ACS): 65+, noncitizens, LEP, divorced, veterans, renters.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/legal-prices: Legal-services prices and jobs, monthly from BLS: the CPI and PPI legal-services indexes and legal-services employment.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/limitations: Statutes of limitations by state for five kinds of civil claim, quoted from the code.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/mdl: Pending actions in every federal MDL, monthly since 2019.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/mine-accidents: MSHA mine accident, injury and illness reports by state, county and degree of injury, 2000 to 2026, coal and metal/nonmetal.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/mortgage-lending: HMDA home-purchase and refinance applications, loans, dollars and denial rates by county, state and US.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/nursing-homes: Nursing home fines, harm and abuse citations by county and state, from CMS, monthly.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/ny-attorneys: New York attorneys by county of office, registration status and admission decade, per 10,000 residents, from the court registry.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/ny-workers-comp: New York workers' compensation claims by county and accident year: attorney share, controverted, hearings, permanent disability.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/opinions: State and ABA ethics opinions on lawyer advertising and marketing, 2015 to 2026.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/platforms: Ad-platform policies that touch law-firm ads: Google, Microsoft, Meta, LinkedIn, YouTube, ChatGPT.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/practice-official: Official statistics (U.S. Courts, EEOC, EOIR, NHTSA FARS) quoted on the practice x state pages, one sourced sentence per record.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/product-recalls: CPSC consumer product recalls by year and hazard class, with the notices that report an injury or a death.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/rail-casualties: Railroad casualties, crossing incidents and train accidents by county from FRA Forms 55a, 57 and 54, by who was hurt.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/referral: Referral-fee and fee-splitting rules for lawyers, by state.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/robocall-complaints: FCC complaints about unwanted calls and texts, by state and month.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/state-civil-rights: State civil-rights agency complaint and charge counts with the source document and quote for each figure.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/state-courts: State trial-court case filings by county and case type (TX WA MD IN WI VA PA OR WV NE ME CA), by practice area, with county FIPS.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/state-wage-claims: State labor agency wage claim counts with the source document and quote for each figure.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/toxic-releases: EPA TRI toxic chemical releases by county: facilities, pounds on site, carcinogens, PFAS, benzene, lead, ethylene oxide.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/truck-crashes: FMCSA truck and bus crashes by county, state and year: fatal and injury crashes, deaths and injuries, ten years.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/tx-nonsubscribers: Texas employers with no workers' compensation coverage (DWC Form-005 filings), counted by county, 2024 to 2026.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/unemployment: BLS county and state unemployment rate, unemployed and labor force, annual averages and the latest month.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/uscis-offices: USCIS naturalization (N-400) and green card (I-485) applications received, decided and pending, by field office and quarter.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/va-compensation: VA disability compensation recipients by county and combined rating (0-20% to 100%), age, sex, FY2025 vs FY2024.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/va-spending: VA compensation, pension and survivor benefit dollars by county, FY2025, with the year-earlier change.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/vehicle-complaints: NHTSA vehicle safety complaints by state, make, model year and component: crashes, fires, injuries, deaths, recalls.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/veterans-representation: VA-accredited attorneys and claims agents per veteran by state, county counts, and appeals outcomes by representation.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/wage-enforcement: DOL wage-and-hour back wages and OSHA inspections, violations and penalties by county, state, law and industry, ten years.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/warn-layoffs: WARN layoff and closure notices and employees by county and month for California and Texas.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/wc-benefits: Workers' compensation maximum weekly benefit by state, with the period, the agency source and the verbatim quote.
• https://probativegrowth.com/mcp/work-injuries: Workplace injuries and fatal work injuries by state and industry, from BLS SOII and CFOI: rates, case counts and the riskiest sectors.

Mirrors

• Hugging Face: https://huggingface.co/datasets/ProbativeGrowth/legal-marketing-data (CSV and JSON, one config per dataset)
• Kaggle: https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/probativeoperations/legal-marketing-open-data-us (CSV and JSON, with the data dictionaries)

License

CC BY 4.0. Credit "Probative Growth" and link the dataset page. See LICENSE.

Updates

This repository mirrors the published files. The site is the source of truth; each dataset's changes.json and its Zenodo versions record what changed and when.