academic-paper-writer

学术论文写作

用途

此技能可帮助经济学家按照经济学期刊的规范起草、构建和润色学术论文，并提供适用于不同论文类型的模板以及学术写作风格指南。

适用场景

• 从头开始撰写新的研究论文
• 重构现有草稿
• 撰写特定章节（引言、文献综述、结论）
• 准备向期刊投稿的论文

说明

步骤 1：确定论文类型

询问用户：

1. 这是实证论文还是理论论文？
2. 目标期刊／读者群体是什么？
3. 论文处于哪个阶段？（提纲、初稿、修订稿）
4. 哪些章节需要帮助？

步骤 2：遵循 IMRAD 结构

对于实证论文，使用以下结构：

1. 引言 - 研究动机、研究问题、贡献
2. 文献综述 - 相关研究及论文定位
3. 数据与方法 - 数据来源、样本、实证策略
4. 结果 - 主要发现及表格／图表
5. 讨论 - 结果解读、作用机制、局限性
6. 结论 - 总结及启示

步骤 3：遵循经济学写作惯例

• 第一段应说明研究问题和主要发现
• 已确立的事实使用现在时，陈述研究发现使用过去时
• 因果表述要准确（区分效应与相关性）
• 文献综述应充分引用
• 结果章节开篇就呈现结果

输出示例：引言模板

\section{Introduction}

% Hook - Why does this matter?
[TOPIC] is a fundamental question in economics, with implications for 
[POLICY AREA] and [BROADER RELEVANCE]. Despite extensive research, 
we still lack clear evidence on [SPECIFIC GAP].

% Research question
This paper asks: [RESEARCH QUESTION IN PLAIN LANGUAGE]? 
Specifically, we examine whether [PRECISE FORMULATION OF THE QUESTION].

% Preview of answer
We find that [MAIN RESULT IN ONE SENTENCE]. This effect is 
[economically significant / modest / heterogeneous], with 
[QUANTITATIVE SUMMARY: e.g., "a one standard deviation increase 
in X associated with a Y percent increase in Z"].

% Methodology (brief)
To identify this effect, we exploit [IDENTIFICATION STRATEGY: 
natural experiment / RCT / instrumental variable / RDD]. 
Our data come from [DATA SOURCE], covering [TIME PERIOD] 
and [SAMPLE SIZE] observations.

% Contribution / Related literature
Our paper contributes to several strands of literature. 
First, we extend the work of \citet{Author2020} by [EXTENSION]. 
Second, we provide new evidence on [MECHANISM/CHANNEL] that 
complements \citet{OtherAuthor2019}. Finally, our findings 
have implications for [POLICY/FUTURE RESEARCH].

% Roadmap
The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. 
Section~\ref{sec:background} provides background and reviews 
related literature. Section~\ref{sec:data} describes our data 
and empirical strategy. Section~\ref{sec:results} presents our 
main findings. Section~\ref{sec:robustness} discusses robustness 
checks. Section~\ref{sec:conclusion} concludes.

输出示例：结果章节模板

\section{Results}
\label{sec:results}

% Lead with the main finding
Table~\ref{tab:main} presents our main results. Column (1) shows 
the baseline OLS specification without controls. The coefficient 
on [TREATMENT VARIABLE] is [POINT ESTIMATE] (s.e. = [SE]), 
statistically significant at the [1/5/10] percent level.

% Add controls incrementally
In column (2), we add [CONTROL SET 1]. The point estimate 
[increases/decreases slightly/remains stable] to [ESTIMATE]. 
Column (3) includes [CONTROL SET 2] and adds [FIXED EFFECTS]. 
Our preferred specification in column (4) includes [FULL CONTROLS] 
and yields [FINAL ESTIMATE].

% Interpret magnitude
To gauge economic significance, note that [INTERPRETATION]. 
A one standard deviation increase in [X] is associated with 
a [Y] percent [increase/decrease] in [OUTCOME], or roughly 
[COMPARISON TO MEAN/OTHER BENCHMARK].

% Brief mention of mechanisms/heterogeneity if relevant
Table~\ref{tab:hetero} explores heterogeneity by [DIMENSION]. 
We find that the effect is [larger/concentrated among] 
[SUBGROUP], suggesting that [INTERPRETATION].

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Main Results: Effect of X on Y}
\label{tab:main}
\begin{tabular}{lcccc}
\hline\hline
 & (1) & (2) & (3) & (4) \\
 & OLS & + Controls & + FE & Preferred \\
\hline
Treatment & 0.052*** & 0.048*** & 0.041** & 0.039** \\
          & (0.012)  & (0.011)  & (0.015) & (0.016) \\
\\
Controls       & No  & Yes & Yes & Yes \\
Fixed Effects  & No  & No  & Yes & Yes \\
Cluster SE     & No  & No  & No  & Yes \\
\\
Observations   & 10,000 & 9,850 & 9,850 & 9,850 \\
R-squared      & 0.05   & 0.12  & 0.35  & 0.35  \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Notes: * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01.} \\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Standard errors in parentheses.} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

输出示例：结论模板

\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}

% Restate question and answer
This paper examined [RESEARCH QUESTION]. Using [METHOD/DATA], 
we found that [MAIN FINDING]. This result is robust to 
[ROBUSTNESS CHECKS].

% Implications
Our findings have several implications. For policy, they suggest 
that [POLICY IMPLICATION]. For theory, they provide support for 
[THEORETICAL MECHANISM] and challenge [ALTERNATIVE VIEW].

% Limitations (brief, honest)
Several limitations warrant mention. First, [LIMITATION 1: 
e.g., external validity]. Second, [LIMITATION 2: e.g., 
data constraints]. Future research could address these by 
[SUGGESTION].

% Future directions
This paper opens several avenues for future work. 
[DIRECTION 1]. [DIRECTION 2]. We hope our findings 
stimulate further research on [BROADER TOPIC].

写作技巧

引言

• 第一句话应引人入胜——不要写“本文研究了……”
• 清楚说明论文贡献——本文有哪些新意？
• 具体说明效应大小——不要只说“效应很大”
• 在最后一段预先承认局限性

结果

• 开篇就给出数字——在第一句话中写出系数
• 从经济学角度解读——系数为 0.05 意味着什么？
• 按列引导读者阅读表格
• 不要夸大结论——区分统计显著性与经济显著性

结论

• 不要引入新结果——综合概述已展示的内容
• 坦诚说明局限性——审稿人反正会发现
• 以论文贡献收尾——提醒读者这项研究为何重要

常见问题

• ❌ 将主要结果埋在论文中间
• ❌ 使用“显著”却不说明是统计显著还是经济显著
• ❌ 缺乏恰当识别策略却过度宣称因果关系
• ❌ 文献综述只是论文列表
• ❌ 结论只是对全文的总结

参考文献

• Cochrane（2005）《给博士生的写作建议》
• Shapiro（2019）《如何进行应用微观经济学演讲》
• Thomson（2011）《年轻经济学家指南》

更新日志

v1.0.0

• 首次发布，包含引言、结果和结论模板