aspire

.NET Aspire

核心原则

1. AppHost 负责编排；它自身绝不会被部署 — Aspire 的核心职责是提供本地开发体验：一同启动服务、数据库和消息代理。现代 Aspire 也会生成部署资产（aspire publish 用于生成 docker-compose/Kubernetes 清单，aspire deploy 用于部署到 Azure Container Apps）——但 AppHost 进程本身仍是开发/构建时工具，而不是生产环境运行时。
2. 服务默认值是基线配置 — ServiceDefaults 项目在一个位置为所有服务配置 OpenTelemetry、运行状况检查和弹性。
3. 使用 Aspire 集成 — Aspire 内置了 PostgreSQL、Redis、RabbitMQ、SQL Server 等集成。它们会自动处理连接字符串、运行状况检查和跟踪。
4. 仪表板是你的可观测性工具 — 在本地开发中，使用 Aspire 仪表板进行跟踪、日志记录和指标监控，而不是在本地搭建 Seq/Grafana。

模式

AppHost 配置

// AppHost/Program.cs
var builder = DistributedApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Infrastructure resources
var postgres = builder.AddPostgres("postgres")
    .WithPgAdmin()
    .AddDatabase("myappdb");

var redis = builder.AddRedis("redis")
    .WithRedisInsight();

var rabbitmq = builder.AddRabbitMQ("messaging")
    .WithManagementPlugin();

// Application projects
var api = builder.AddProject<Projects.MyApp_Api>("api")
    .WithReference(postgres)
    .WithReference(redis)
    .WithReference(rabbitmq)
    .WithExternalHttpEndpoints();

var worker = builder.AddProject<Projects.MyApp_Worker>("worker")
    .WithReference(postgres)
    .WithReference(rabbitmq);

builder.Build().Run();

服务默认值

// ServiceDefaults/Extensions.cs — Standard Aspire service defaults
// Configures OpenTelemetry (metrics + tracing), health checks, service discovery, and resilience
public static class Extensions
{
    public static IHostApplicationBuilder AddServiceDefaults(this IHostApplicationBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.ConfigureOpenTelemetry();
        builder.AddDefaultHealthChecks();
        builder.Services.AddServiceDiscovery();

        builder.Services.ConfigureHttpClientDefaults(http =>
        {
            http.AddStandardResilienceHandler();
            http.AddServiceDiscovery();
        });

        return builder;
    }

    // ConfigureOpenTelemetry: adds logging, metrics (ASP.NET, HttpClient, Runtime),
    //   tracing (ASP.NET, HttpClient, EF Core), and OTLP exporter if configured
    // AddDefaultHealthChecks: adds a "self" liveness check tagged ["live"]
}

在项目中使用服务默认值

// MyApp.Api/Program.cs
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.AddServiceDefaults();

// Add Aspire integrations
builder.AddNpgsqlDbContext<AppDbContext>("myappdb");
builder.AddRedisDistributedCache("redis");

var app = builder.Build();
app.MapDefaultEndpoints(); // health check endpoints
app.Run();

服务间通信

// AppHost — configure service references
var orderApi = builder.AddProject<Projects.OrderApi>("order-api");
var paymentApi = builder.AddProject<Projects.PaymentApi>("payment-api")
    .WithReference(orderApi); // paymentApi can discover orderApi

// In PaymentApi — use service discovery
builder.Services.AddHttpClient<OrderClient>(client =>
{
    client.BaseAddress = new Uri("https+http://order-api");
});

使用 Aspire 的解决方案结构

MyApp.slnx
├── MyApp.AppHost/               # Aspire orchestrator
│   └── Program.cs
├── MyApp.ServiceDefaults/       # Shared service configuration
│   └── Extensions.cs
├── src/
│   ├── MyApp.Api/               # Web API project
│   └── MyApp.Worker/            # Background worker
└── tests/
    └── MyApp.Api.Tests/

反模式

不要部署 AppHost 进程

// BAD — running the AppHost executable in production as an orchestrator
// The AppHost is a dev/build-time tool, not a production runtime

// GOOD — deploy the generated assets, not the AppHost:
//   aspire publish  → docker-compose / Kubernetes manifests from the app model
//   aspire deploy   → direct deployment (e.g., Azure Container Apps)

使用 Aspire 时不要硬编码连接字符串

// BAD — hardcoding connection strings defeats Aspire's purpose
builder.Services.AddDbContext<AppDbContext>(o =>
    o.UseNpgsql("Host=localhost;Database=myapp;..."));

// GOOD — use Aspire integration (connection string injected automatically)
builder.AddNpgsqlDbContext<AppDbContext>("myappdb");

不要跳过服务默认值

// BAD — manually configuring each service
builder.Services.AddOpenTelemetry()...
builder.Services.AddHealthChecks()...

// GOOD — use shared service defaults
builder.AddServiceDefaults();

决策指南

场景	建议
包含多个服务的本地开发	Aspire AppHost
单项目本地开发	使用 dotnet run 即可，Aspire 可选
共享服务配置	ServiceDefaults 项目
本地开发用数据库	Aspire AddPostgres() / AddSqlServer()
服务发现	Aspire 内置的服务发现
生产环境部署	aspire publish（compose/K8s 清单）或 aspire deploy（ACA）；绝不要部署 AppHost 本身
本地开发中的可观测性	Aspire 仪表板（自动配置）