cwicr-equipment-planner

CWICR 设备规划器

商业案例

问题陈述

设备是成本的主要驱动因素：

• 需要哪些设备？
• 需要多长时间？
• 租赁还是购买？
• 如何优化利用率？

解决方案

使用 CWICR 设备规范进行设备规划，计算需求、安排使用计划，并分析租赁与购买的决策。

商业价值

• 准确的需求 - 基于经过验证的规范
• 优化利用率 - 减少闲置时间
• 成本分析 - 租赁与购买的决策
• 调度 - 设备可用性规划

技术实现

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional, Tuple
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from enum import Enum
from collections import defaultdict


class EquipmentCategory(Enum):
    """Equipment categories."""
    EARTHMOVING = "earthmoving"
    LIFTING = "lifting"
    CONCRETE = "concrete"
    COMPACTION = "compaction"
    TRANSPORT = "transport"
    POWER_TOOLS = "power_tools"
    SCAFFOLDING = "scaffolding"
    PUMPING = "pumping"
    PILING = "piling"
    OTHER = "other"


class OwnershipType(Enum):
    """Equipment ownership types."""
    OWNED = "owned"
    RENTED = "rented"
    LEASED = "leased"


@dataclass
class EquipmentItem:
    """Equipment item requirement."""
    equipment_code: str
    description: str
    category: EquipmentCategory
    required_hours: float
    required_days: int
    daily_rate: float
    hourly_rate: float
    monthly_rate: float
    total_cost: float
    utilization_rate: float
    operator_required: bool
    operator_cost: float
    fuel_cost: float
    start_date: datetime
    end_date: datetime
    work_item_codes: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)


@dataclass
class EquipmentPlan:
    """Complete equipment plan."""
    project_name: str
    total_equipment_cost: float
    total_operator_cost: float
    total_fuel_cost: float
    total_cost: float
    equipment_items: List[EquipmentItem]
    by_category: Dict[str, float]
    schedule: Dict[str, List[str]]


# Equipment categories and typical rates
EQUIPMENT_DATA = {
    'excavator': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.EARTHMOVING,
        'daily_rate': 450,
        'hourly_rate': 75,
        'monthly_rate': 9000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 15,  # liters
        'operator_hourly': 45
    },
    'crane': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.LIFTING,
        'daily_rate': 800,
        'hourly_rate': 150,
        'monthly_rate': 16000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 20,
        'operator_hourly': 55
    },
    'concrete_mixer': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.CONCRETE,
        'daily_rate': 150,
        'hourly_rate': 25,
        'monthly_rate': 3000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 8,
        'operator_hourly': 35
    },
    'compactor': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.COMPACTION,
        'daily_rate': 200,
        'hourly_rate': 35,
        'monthly_rate': 4000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 10,
        'operator_hourly': 40
    },
    'pump': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.PUMPING,
        'daily_rate': 300,
        'hourly_rate': 50,
        'monthly_rate': 6000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 12,
        'operator_hourly': 40
    },
    'scaffold': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.SCAFFOLDING,
        'daily_rate': 50,
        'hourly_rate': 0,
        'monthly_rate': 1000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 0,
        'operator_hourly': 0
    },
    'loader': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.EARTHMOVING,
        'daily_rate': 350,
        'hourly_rate': 60,
        'monthly_rate': 7000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 12,
        'operator_hourly': 40
    },
    'truck': {
        'category': EquipmentCategory.TRANSPORT,
        'daily_rate': 250,
        'hourly_rate': 40,
        'monthly_rate': 5000,
        'fuel_per_hour': 15,
        'operator_hourly': 35
    }
}


class CWICREquipmentPlanner:
    """Plan equipment requirements from CWICR data."""

    def __init__(self, cwicr_data: pd.DataFrame,
                 fuel_price: float = 1.5):  # USD per liter
        self.work_items = cwicr_data
        self.fuel_price = fuel_price
        self._index_data()

    def _index_data(self):
        """Index work items for fast lookup."""
        if 'work_item_code' in self.work_items.columns:
            self._work_index = self.work_items.set_index('work_item_code')
        else:
            self._work_index = None

    def _get_equipment_info(self, description: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Get equipment info from description."""
        desc_lower = str(description).lower()

        for equip_name, info in EQUIPMENT_DATA.items():
            if equip_name in desc_lower:
                return info

        # Default equipment
        return {
            'category': EquipmentCategory.OTHER,
            'daily_rate': 200,
            'hourly_rate': 35,
            'monthly_rate': 4000,
            'fuel_per_hour': 10,
            'operator_hourly': 35
        }

    def extract_equipment_requirements(self,
                                        items: List[Dict[str, Any]],
                                        project_start: datetime = None) -> List[EquipmentItem]:
        """Extract equipment requirements from work items."""

        if project_start is None:
            project_start = datetime.now()

        equipment = defaultdict(lambda: {
            'hours': 0,
            'work_items': [],
            'start_day': float('inf'),
            'end_day': 0
        })

        for item in items:
            code = item.get('work_item_code', item.get('code'))
            qty = item.get('quantity', 0)
            start_day = item.get('start_day', 0)
            duration = item.get('duration_days', 1)

            if self._work_index is not None and code in self._work_index.index:
                work_item = self._work_index.loc[code]

                equipment_norm = float(work_item.get('equipment_norm', 0) or 0)
                equipment_desc = str(work_item.get('equipment_description',
                                                    work_item.get('category', 'General')))

                equip_hours = equipment_norm * qty

                if equip_hours > 0:
                    equip_key = equipment_desc
                    equipment[equip_key]['hours'] += equip_hours
                    equipment[equip_key]['work_items'].append(code)
                    equipment[equip_key]['description'] = equipment_desc
                    equipment[equip_key]['start_day'] = min(
                        equipment[equip_key]['start_day'], start_day
                    )
                    equipment[equip_key]['end_day'] = max(
                        equipment[equip_key]['end_day'], start_day + duration
                    )

        # Convert to EquipmentItem list
        result = []
        for equip_key, data in equipment.items():
            info = self._get_equipment_info(data['description'])
            hours = data['hours']

            # Calculate days needed
            days_needed = int(np.ceil(hours / 8))  # 8-hour days

            # Dates
            start_date = project_start + timedelta(days=data.get('start_day', 0))
            actual_days = max(days_needed, data.get('end_day', 0) - data.get('start_day', 0))
            end_date = start_date + timedelta(days=actual_days)

            # Utilization
            available_hours = actual_days * 8
            utilization = hours / available_hours if available_hours > 0 else 0

            # Costs
            equipment_cost = actual_days * info['daily_rate']
            operator_cost = hours * info['operator_hourly'] if info['operator_hourly'] > 0 else 0
            fuel_cost = hours * info['fuel_per_hour'] * self.fuel_price

            result.append(EquipmentItem(
                equipment_code=equip_key[:20],
                description=data['description'],
                category=info['category'],
                required_hours=round(hours, 1),
                required_days=actual_days,
                daily_rate=info['daily_rate'],
                hourly_rate=info['hourly_rate'],
                monthly_rate=info['monthly_rate'],
                total_cost=round(equipment_cost, 2),
                utilization_rate=round(utilization * 100, 1),
                operator_required=info['operator_hourly'] > 0,
                operator_cost=round(operator_cost, 2),
                fuel_cost=round(fuel_cost, 2),
                start_date=start_date,
                end_date=end_date,
                work_item_codes=data['work_items']
            ))

        return result

    def generate_equipment_plan(self,
                                items: List[Dict[str, Any]],
                                project_name: str = "Project") -> EquipmentPlan:
        """Generate complete equipment plan."""

        equipment = self.extract_equipment_requirements(items)

        # Totals
        total_equipment = sum(e.total_cost for e in equipment)
        total_operator = sum(e.operator_cost for e in equipment)
        total_fuel = sum(e.fuel_cost for e in equipment)

        # By category
        by_category = defaultdict(float)
        for e in equipment:
            by_category[e.category.value] += e.total_cost

        # Schedule (equipment by date)
        schedule = defaultdict(list)
        for e in equipment:
            current = e.start_date
            while current < e.end_date:
                date_key = current.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                schedule[date_key].append(e.description)
                current += timedelta(days=1)

        return EquipmentPlan(
            project_name=project_name,
            total_equipment_cost=total_equipment,
            total_operator_cost=total_operator,
            total_fuel_cost=total_fuel,
            total_cost=total_equipment + total_operator + total_fuel,
            equipment_items=equipment,
            by_category=dict(by_category),
            schedule=dict(schedule)
        )

    def rent_vs_buy_analysis(self,
                             equipment_item: EquipmentItem,
                             purchase_price: float,
                             useful_life_months: int = 60,
                             residual_value_pct: float = 0.20) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Analyze rent vs buy decision."""

        # Rental cost
        rental_cost = equipment_item.required_days * equipment_item.daily_rate

        # Ownership cost (simplified)
        monthly_depreciation = (purchase_price * (1 - residual_value_pct)) / useful_life_months
        months_needed = equipment_item.required_days / 30
        ownership_cost = monthly_depreciation * months_needed

        # Break-even analysis
        break_even_days = purchase_price / equipment_item.daily_rate
        break_even_months = break_even_days / 30

        return {
            'equipment': equipment_item.description,
            'rental_cost': round(rental_cost, 2),
            'ownership_cost_period': round(ownership_cost, 2),
            'purchase_price': purchase_price,
            'recommendation': 'RENT' if rental_cost < ownership_cost else 'BUY',
            'savings': abs(rental_cost - ownership_cost),
            'break_even_months': round(break_even_months, 1),
            'utilization_rate': equipment_item.utilization_rate
        }

    def optimize_utilization(self,
                             equipment: List[EquipmentItem],
                             target_utilization: float = 80.0) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Analyze and suggest utilization improvements."""

        analysis = {
            'underutilized': [],
            'well_utilized': [],
            'overutilized': [],
            'recommendations': []
        }

        for e in equipment:
            if e.utilization_rate < target_utilization - 20:
                analysis['underutilized'].append({
                    'equipment': e.description,
                    'utilization': e.utilization_rate,
                    'potential_saving': e.total_cost * (1 - e.utilization_rate / 100)
                })
                analysis['recommendations'].append(
                    f"Consider shorter rental period for {e.description} "
                    f"(current utilization: {e.utilization_rate}%)"
                )
            elif e.utilization_rate > target_utilization + 20:
                analysis['overutilized'].append({
                    'equipment': e.description,
                    'utilization': e.utilization_rate
                })
                analysis['recommendations'].append(
                    f"Consider additional unit of {e.description} to reduce strain"
                )
            else:
                analysis['well_utilized'].append({
                    'equipment': e.description,
                    'utilization': e.utilization_rate
                })

        analysis['average_utilization'] = np.mean([e.utilization_rate for e in equipment]) if equipment else 0

        return analysis

    def export_to_excel(self,
                       plan: EquipmentPlan,
                       output_path: str) -> str:
        """Export equipment plan to Excel."""

        with pd.ExcelWriter(output_path, engine='openpyxl') as writer:
            # Equipment list
            equip_df = pd.DataFrame([
                {
                    'Description': e.description,
                    'Category': e.category.value,
                    'Hours': e.required_hours,
                    'Days': e.required_days,
                    'Daily Rate': e.daily_rate,
                    'Equipment Cost': e.total_cost,
                    'Operator Cost': e.operator_cost,
                    'Fuel Cost': e.fuel_cost,
                    'Total Cost': e.total_cost + e.operator_cost + e.fuel_cost,
                    'Utilization %': e.utilization_rate,
                    'Start': e.start_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
                    'End': e.end_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                }
                for e in plan.equipment_items
            ])
            equip_df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Equipment', index=False)

            # Summary
            summary_df = pd.DataFrame([{
                'Total Equipment Cost': plan.total_equipment_cost,
                'Total Operator Cost': plan.total_operator_cost,
                'Total Fuel Cost': plan.total_fuel_cost,
                'Grand Total': plan.total_cost
            }])
            summary_df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name='Summary', index=False)

        return output_path

快速入门

from datetime import datetime

# Load CWICR data
cwicr = pd.read_parquet("TR_workitems_costs_resources_DDC_CWICR.parquet")

# Initialize planner
planner = CWICREquipmentPlanner(cwicr, fuel_price=1.5)

# Define work items
items = [
    {'work_item_code': 'EXCV-001', 'quantity': 500, 'start_day': 0, 'duration_days': 10},
    {'work_item_code': 'CONC-002', 'quantity': 200, 'start_day': 10, 'duration_days': 15}
]

# Generate plan
plan = planner.generate_equipment_plan(items, "Building A")

print(f"Equipment Cost: ${plan.total_equipment_cost:,.2f}")
print(f"Operator Cost: ${plan.total_operator_cost:,.2f}")
print(f"Total: ${plan.total_cost:,.2f}")

常见用例

1. 租赁与购买分析

for equip in plan.equipment_items:
    analysis = planner.rent_vs_buy_analysis(equip, purchase_price=50000)
    print(f"{equip.description}: {analysis['recommendation']}")

2. 利用率优化

optimization = planner.optimize_utilization(plan.equipment_items)
for rec in optimization['recommendations']:
    print(rec)

3. 导出计划

planner.export_to_excel(plan, "equipment_plan.xlsx")

资源

• GitHub：OpenConstructionEstimate-DDC-CWICR
• DDC 图书：第 3.1 章 - 设备资源规划