deploying-osquery-for-endpoint-monitoring

为终端监控部署 Osquery

何时使用

在以下场景使用本技能：

• 在 Windows、macOS 和 Linux 终端上部署 osquery，实现全舰队可见性
• 使用 osquery 的 SQL 接口构建威胁狩猎查询
• 监控终端合规性（已安装软件、开放端口、运行中的服务）
• 将 osquery 数据与 SIEM 或 Kolide/Fleet 集成，实现集中管理

请勿使用本技能进行实时告警（osquery 是周期性/按需执行的；实时场景请使用 EDR）。

前置条件

• 目标操作系统的 Osquery 包（https://osquery.io/downloads）
• 用于企业部署的舰队管理服务（Kolide Fleet 或 FleetDM）
• 用于 Agent 到服务端安全通信的 TLS 证书
• 用于 osquery 结果日志的日志聚合流水线（Filebeat、Fluentd）

工作流

步骤 1：安装 Osquery

# Ubuntu/Debian
export OSQUERY_KEY=1484120AC4E9F8A1A577AEEE97A80C63C9D8B80B
apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys $OSQUERY_KEY
add-apt-repository 'deb [arch=amd64] https://pkg.osquery.io/deb deb main'
apt-get update && apt-get install osquery -y

# Windows (MSI)
# Download from https://osquery.io/downloads/official
msiexec /i osquery-5.12.1.msi /quiet

# macOS
brew install osquery

步骤 2：配置 Osquery

// /etc/osquery/osquery.conf (Linux/macOS) or C:\ProgramData\osquery\osquery.conf
{
  "options": {
    "config_plugin": "filesystem",
    "logger_plugin": "filesystem",
    "logger_path": "/var/log/osquery",
    "disable_logging": "false",
    "schedule_splay_percent": "10",
    "events_expiry": "3600",
    "verbose": "false",
    "worker_threads": "2",
    "enable_monitor": "true",
    "disable_events": "false",
    "disable_audit": "false",
    "audit_allow_config": "true",
    "host_identifier": "hostname",
    "enable_syslog": "true"
  },
  "schedule": {
    "process_monitor": {
      "query": "SELECT pid, name, path, cmdline, uid, parent FROM processes WHERE on_disk = 0;",
      "interval": 300,
      "description": "Detect processes running without on-disk binary (fileless)"
    },
    "listening_ports": {
      "query": "SELECT DISTINCT p.name, p.path, lp.port, lp.protocol, lp.address FROM listening_ports lp JOIN processes p ON lp.pid = p.pid WHERE lp.port != 0;",
      "interval": 600,
      "description": "Monitor listening network ports"
    },
    "persistence_check": {
      "query": "SELECT name, path, source FROM startup_items;",
      "interval": 3600,
      "description": "Monitor persistence mechanisms"
    },
    "installed_packages": {
      "query": "SELECT name, version, source FROM deb_packages;",
      "interval": 86400,
      "description": "Daily software inventory"
    },
    "users_and_groups": {
      "query": "SELECT u.username, u.uid, u.gid, u.shell, u.directory FROM users u WHERE u.uid >= 1000;",
      "interval": 3600
    },
    "crontab_monitor": {
      "query": "SELECT * FROM crontab;",
      "interval": 3600,
      "description": "Monitor scheduled tasks"
    },
    "suid_binaries": {
      "query": "SELECT path, username, permissions FROM suid_bin;",
      "interval": 86400,
      "description": "Detect SUID binaries"
    }
  },
  "packs": {
    "incident-response": "/usr/share/osquery/packs/incident-response.conf",
    "ossec-rootkit": "/usr/share/osquery/packs/ossec-rootkit.conf",
    "vuln-management": "/usr/share/osquery/packs/vuln-management.conf"
  }
}

步骤 3：威胁狩猎查询

-- Detect processes with no on-disk binary (potential fileless malware)
SELECT pid, name, path, cmdline FROM processes WHERE on_disk = 0;

-- Find listening ports not associated with known services
SELECT lp.port, lp.protocol, p.name, p.path
FROM listening_ports lp JOIN processes p ON lp.pid = p.pid
WHERE lp.port NOT IN (22, 80, 443, 3306, 5432);

-- Detect unauthorized SSH keys
SELECT * FROM authorized_keys WHERE NOT key LIKE '%admin-team%';

-- Find recently modified system binaries
SELECT path, mtime, size FROM file
WHERE path LIKE '/usr/bin/%' AND mtime > (strftime('%s', 'now') - 86400);

-- Detect processes connecting to external IPs
SELECT DISTINCT p.name, p.path, pn.remote_address, pn.remote_port
FROM process_open_sockets pn JOIN processes p ON pn.pid = p.pid
WHERE pn.remote_address NOT LIKE '10.%'
  AND pn.remote_address NOT LIKE '172.16.%'
  AND pn.remote_address NOT LIKE '192.168.%'
  AND pn.remote_address != '127.0.0.1'
  AND pn.remote_address != '0.0.0.0';

-- Windows: Detect unsigned running executables
SELECT p.name, p.path, a.result AS signature_status
FROM processes p JOIN authenticode a ON p.path = a.path
WHERE a.result != 'trusted';

步骤 4：部署 FleetDM 实现集中管理

# FleetDM provides centralized osquery management
# Deploy FleetDM server, configure agents to report to it
# Agents use TLS enrollment and config from Fleet

# Agent configuration for Fleet:
# --tls_hostname=fleet.corp.com
# --tls_server_certs=/etc/osquery/fleet.pem
# --enroll_secret_path=/etc/osquery/enroll_secret

关键概念

术语	定义
Osquery	开源终端 Agent，将操作系统状态暴露为可查询的 SQL 表
Schedule	按定义间隔运行的周期性查询，并记录结果
Pack	为特定用例（IR、合规）分组的相关查询集合
FleetDM	开源 osquery 舰队管理平台
Differential Results	Osquery 仅记录查询执行之间的变更，从而减少数据量

工具与系统

• Osquery：https://osquery.io/ - 终端可见性 Agent
• FleetDM：https://fleetdm.com/ - 集中式舰队管理
• Kolide：基于云的 osquery 管理，支持 Slack 集成
• osquery-go：用于 osquery 扩展的 Go 客户端库

常见陷阱

• 查询性能：涉及大表扫描的复杂查询会影响终端性能。使用 WHERE 子句，并用 EXPLAIN 测试查询开销。
• Schedule 间隔过于激进：每 60 秒运行重型查询会导致 CPU 峰值。大多数查询应使用 300-3600 秒的间隔。
• 未使用差分模式：若不使用差分日志记录，osquery 会在每个间隔记录所有结果。差分模式仅记录变更。
• 缺少事件表：部分 osquery 表需要启用事件框架（process_events、socket_events）。使用 --disable_events=false 启用。