docker-compose-setup

Docker Compose 设置技能

掌握 Docker Compose，以通过服务依赖、健康检查和环境管理来编排多容器应用。

用途

为开发和生产环境设计并配置 Docker Compose 文件，妥善编排服务。

参数

参数	类型	必填	默认值	描述
services	array	否	-	要配置的服务列表
environment	enum	否	dev	dev/staging/prod
include_monitoring	boolean	否	false	添加监控服务

现代 Compose 文件（2024-2025）

注意：version 字段已弃用。直接从 services: 开始。

services:
  frontend:
    build:
      context: ./frontend
      target: production
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      backend:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 10s
      retries: 3
    restart: unless-stopped

  backend:
    build: ./backend
    expose:
      - "3000"
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgres://user:${DB_PASSWORD}@database:5432/app
    depends_on:
      database:
        condition: service_healthy
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

  database:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5

volumes:
  db_data:

环境管理

基础配置 + 覆盖配置模式

# docker-compose.yaml (base)
services:
  app:
    image: myapp:latest

# docker-compose.override.yaml (dev - auto-loaded)
services:
  app:
    build: .
    volumes:
      - ./src:/app/src
    environment:
      - DEBUG=true

# docker-compose.prod.yaml (production)
services:
  app:
    deploy:
      replicas: 3
    restart: always

# Development (loads override automatically)
docker compose up

# Production
docker compose -f docker-compose.yaml -f docker-compose.prod.yaml up -d

环境变量

# .env file (auto-loaded)
DB_PASSWORD=secret123
APP_VERSION=1.2.3

# Using in compose
environment:
  - DB_PASSWORD=${DB_PASSWORD}
  - VERSION=${APP_VERSION:-latest}  # Default value

服务配置文件

services:
  app:
    image: myapp

  # Only with --profile debug
  debugger:
    image: debug-tools
    profiles:
      - debug

  # Only with --profile testing
  test-db:
    image: postgres:alpine
    profiles:
      - testing

docker compose up                     # app only
docker compose --profile debug up     # app + debugger

常用命令

# Start services
docker compose up -d

# Rebuild and start
docker compose up -d --build

# View logs
docker compose logs -f backend

# Scale service
docker compose up -d --scale backend=3

# Stop and clean
docker compose down -v

# Validate config
docker compose config

错误处理

常见错误

错误	原因	解决方案
undefined service	缺少依赖项	定义服务
yaml syntax error	缩进错误	修正 YAML
port already in use	端口冲突	更改端口
healthcheck failing	服务尚未就绪	增加 start_period

回退策略

1. 使用 docker compose config 验证
2. 逐个启动服务
3. 使用 --no-deps 跳过依赖项

故障排除

调试清单

• YAML 是否有效？docker compose config
• 镜像是否可用？docker compose pull
• 依赖项是否健康？检查健康检查配置
• 是否已设置环境？检查 .env 文件

健康检查调试

# Check health status
docker inspect --format='{{json .State.Health}}' <container>

# View health logs
docker inspect --format='{{range .State.Health.Log}}{{.Output}}{{end}}' <container>

用法

Skill("docker-compose-setup")

相关技能

• docker-networking
• docker-volumes
• docker-production