dotnet-health-checks

健康检查配置

概述

健康检查用于监控应用依赖项：

• 存活状态 - 应用是否正在运行？
• 就绪状态 - 应用是否已准备好处理流量？
• 数据库检查 - PostgreSQL 连接状态
• 外部服务检查 - API、缓存、队列
• 自定义检查 - 业务逻辑验证

快速参考

检查类型	用途
AddNpgSql	PostgreSQL 数据库
AddUrlGroup	外部 HTTP 端点
AddRedis	Redis 缓存
AddRabbitMQ	RabbitMQ 消息代理
自定义	特定于应用的检查

---

模板：健康检查注册

// src/{name}.infrastructure/HealthChecks/HealthCheckExtensions.cs
using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;

namespace {name}.infrastructure.healthchecks;

public static class HealthCheckExtensions
{
    public static IServiceCollection AddHealthChecks(
        this IServiceCollection services,
        IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        services.AddHealthChecks()
            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            // DATABASE
            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            .AddNpgSql(
                configuration.GetConnectionString("Database")!,
                name: "postgresql",
                failureStatus: HealthStatus.Unhealthy,
                tags: new[] { "db", "sql", "postgresql", "ready" })

            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            // EXTERNAL SERVICES
            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            .AddUrlGroup(
                new Uri(configuration["AuthService:BaseUrl"]!),
                name: "auth-service",
                failureStatus: HealthStatus.Degraded,
                tags: new[] { "external", "auth", "ready" })

            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            // REDIS (if used)
            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            // .AddRedis(
            //     configuration.GetConnectionString("Redis")!,
            //     name: "redis",
            //     tags: new[] { "cache", "redis", "ready" })

            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            // CUSTOM CHECKS
            // ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
            .AddCheck<DatabaseMigrationHealthCheck>(
                "database-migrations",
                tags: new[] { "db", "migrations", "ready" });

        return services;
    }
}

---

模板：自定义健康检查

// src/{name}.infrastructure/HealthChecks/DatabaseMigrationHealthCheck.cs
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;

namespace {name}.infrastructure.healthchecks;

internal sealed class DatabaseMigrationHealthCheck : IHealthCheck
{
    private readonly ApplicationDbContext _dbContext;

    public DatabaseMigrationHealthCheck(ApplicationDbContext dbContext)
    {
        _dbContext = dbContext;
    }

    public async Task<HealthCheckResult> CheckHealthAsync(
        HealthCheckContext context,
        CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
    {
        try
        {
            var pendingMigrations = await _dbContext.Database
                .GetPendingMigrationsAsync(cancellationToken);

            var pending = pendingMigrations.ToList();

            if (pending.Any())
            {
                return HealthCheckResult.Degraded(
                    $"Pending migrations: {string.Join(", ", pending)}",
                    data: new Dictionary<string, object>
                    {
                        { "pending_count", pending.Count },
                        { "migrations", pending }
                    });
            }

            return HealthCheckResult.Healthy("All migrations applied");
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            return HealthCheckResult.Unhealthy(
                "Failed to check migrations",
                exception: ex);
        }
    }
}

---

模板：Program.cs 配置

// src/{name}.api/Program.cs
using HealthChecks.UI.Client;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.HealthChecks;

var app = builder.Build();

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// LIVENESS: Is the app running?
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
app.MapHealthChecks("/health/live", new HealthCheckOptions
{
    Predicate = _ => false,  // No checks, just confirms app is running
    ResponseWriter = UIResponseWriter.WriteHealthCheckUIResponse
});

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// READINESS: Is the app ready to serve traffic?
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
app.MapHealthChecks("/health/ready", new HealthCheckOptions
{
    Predicate = check => check.Tags.Contains("ready"),
    ResponseWriter = UIResponseWriter.WriteHealthCheckUIResponse
});

// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
// FULL: All health checks
// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
app.MapHealthChecks("/health", new HealthCheckOptions
{
    ResponseWriter = UIResponseWriter.WriteHealthCheckUIResponse
});

---

Kubernetes 配置

# deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  template:
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: api
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health/live
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 30
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /health/ready
              port: 8080
            initialDelaySeconds: 5
            periodSeconds: 10

---

相关技能

• dotnet-clean-architecture - 基础设施层设置
• dotnet-jwt-authentication - 身份验证服务健康检查