ffmpeg-transitions-effects

关键指南

Windows 文件路径要求

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在 Windows 上使用 Edit 或 Write 工具时，必须在文件路径中使用反斜杠（\），而不是正斜杠（/）。

文档指南

除非用户明确要求，否则绝不创建新的文档文件。

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快速参考

转场	命令
交叉淡化	[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v]
溶解	xfade=transition=dissolve:duration=1:offset=4
向左擦除	xfade=transition=wipeleft:duration=1:offset=4
圆形展开	xfade=transition=circleopen:duration=1.5:offset=4
向左滑动	xfade=transition=slideleft:duration=1:offset=4
淡入/淡出	-vf "fade=t=in:d=1,fade=t=out:st=9:d=1"
音频交叉淡化	[0:a][1:a]acrossfade=d=1[a]

偏移量公式	对于包含 N 个片段且转场时长为 T 的情况
offset1	clip1_duration - T
offset2	2*duration - 2*T
offsetN	N*duration - N*T

何时使用此技能

适用于视频转场工作流：

• 通过专业转场拼接片段
• 从图像创建幻灯片
• 添加淡入/淡出效果
• 编辑多片段序列
• 自定义转场表达式

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FFmpeg 转场与特效（2025）

使用 FFmpeg 处理视频转场、交叉淡化和创意特效的完整指南。

转场概览

可用方法

方法	使用场景	复杂度
xfade 滤镜	两个片段之间	中等
fade 滤镜	单个片段的淡入/淡出	简单
blend 滤镜	帧混合	简单
overlay + alpha	自定义转场	高级

xfade 转场类型

FFmpeg 的 xfade 滤镜支持 40 多种内置转场：

类别	转场
淡化	fade、fadeblack、fadewhite、fadegrays
擦除	wipeleft、wiperight、wipeup、wipedown、wipetl、wipetr、wipebl、wipebr
滑动	slideleft、slideright、slideup、slidedown
揭示	revealright、revealleft、revealup、revealdown
推入	horzopen、horzclose、vertopen、vertclose
圆形	circleopen、circleclose、circlecrop
矩形	rectcrop、hblur、radial
对角线	diagtl、diagtr、diagbl、diagbr
像素特效	dissolve、pixelize、hlslice、hrslice、vuslice、vdslice
其他	zoomin、squeezeh、squeezev、hlwind、hrwind、vuwind、vdwind、coverleft、coverright、coverup、coverdown

基本淡化效果

淡入/淡出（单个片段）

# Fade in from black (first 2 seconds)
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=2" \
  -c:a copy \
  fade_in.mp4

# Fade out to black (last 2 seconds)
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -vf "fade=t=out:st=8:d=2" \
  -c:a copy \
  fade_out.mp4

# Both fade in and fade out
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=1,fade=t=out:st=9:d=1" \
  -c:a copy \
  fade_both.mp4

# Fade to white instead of black
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -vf "fade=t=out:st=8:d=2:color=white" \
  -c:a copy \
  fade_white.mp4

带音频淡化

# Video and audio fade in/out together
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 \
  -vf "fade=t=in:st=0:d=2,fade=t=out:st=8:d=2" \
  -af "afade=t=in:st=0:d=2,afade=t=out:st=8:d=2" \
  fade_complete.mp4

# Audio crossfade between two files
ffmpeg -i audio1.mp3 -i audio2.mp3 \
  -filter_complex "[0][1]acrossfade=d=3:c1=tri:c2=tri" \
  crossfade.mp3

xfade 转场（片段之间）

xfade 基本用法

# Simple crossfade between two clips
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v];\
                   [0:a][1:a]acrossfade=d=1[a]" \
  -map "[v]" -map "[a]" \
  output.mp4

参数：

• transition：转场效果类型
• duration：转场时长，单位为秒
• offset：转场开始的时间（从第一个片段开始计算）

常见转场效果

# Dissolve (pixel-based crossfade)
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=dissolve:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" dissolve.mp4

# Wipe left to right
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=wipeleft:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" wipe_left.mp4

# Wipe right to left
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=wiperight:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" wipe_right.mp4

# Slide left
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=slideleft:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" slide_left.mp4

# Circle open (iris)
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=circleopen:duration=1.5:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" circle_open.mp4

# Circle close
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=circleclose:duration=1.5:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" circle_close.mp4

# Radial wipe
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=radial:duration=1.5:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" radial.mp4

# Zoom in
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=zoomin:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" zoom_in.mp4

# Pixelize transition
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" pixelize.mp4

# Diagonal wipe (top-left to bottom-right)
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=diagtl:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" diag_tl.mp4

# Horizontal blur
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=hblur:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" hblur.mp4

所有 xfade 转场类型

# Fades
fade        # Standard crossfade
fadeblack   # Fade through black
fadewhite   # Fade through white
fadegrays   # Fade through gray

# Wipes
wipeleft    # Left to right wipe
wiperight   # Right to left wipe
wipeup      # Bottom to top wipe
wipedown    # Top to bottom wipe
wipetl      # Wipe from top-left corner
wipetr      # Wipe from top-right corner
wipebl      # Wipe from bottom-left corner
wipebr      # Wipe from bottom-right corner

# Slides
slideleft   # Slide new clip from right
slideright  # Slide new clip from left
slideup     # Slide new clip from bottom
slidedown   # Slide new clip from top

# Reveals
revealleft  # Reveal from right edge
revealright # Reveal from left edge
revealup    # Reveal from bottom edge
revealdown  # Reveal from top edge

# Open/Close
horzopen    # Horizontal opening (curtain)
horzclose   # Horizontal closing
vertopen    # Vertical opening
vertclose   # Vertical closing
circleopen  # Circle iris open
circleclose # Circle iris close

# Shapes
circlecrop  # Circle crop transition
rectcrop    # Rectangle crop transition
radial      # Radial/clock wipe

# Diagonals
diagtl      # Diagonal from top-left
diagtr      # Diagonal from top-right
diagbl      # Diagonal from bottom-left
diagbr      # Diagonal from bottom-right

# Pixel Effects
dissolve    # Random pixel dissolve
pixelize    # Pixelization effect
hlslice     # Horizontal left slice
hrslice     # Horizontal right slice
vuslice     # Vertical up slice
vdslice     # Vertical down slice

# Other
zoomin      # Zoom into new clip
squeezeh    # Horizontal squeeze
squeezev    # Vertical squeeze
hlwind      # Horizontal left wind
hrwind      # Horizontal right wind
vuwind      # Vertical up wind
vdwind      # Vertical down wind
coverleft   # Cover from right
coverright  # Cover from left
coverup     # Cover from bottom
coverdown   # Cover from top

多片段转场

三个片段之间的转场

# Calculate offsets: clip1=5s, clip2=5s, clip3=5s, transition=1s
# offset1 = clip1_duration - transition = 5-1 = 4
# offset2 = clip1_duration + clip2_duration - 2*transition = 5+5-2 = 8

ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 -i clip3.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v1];\
    [v1][2:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=8[v];\
    [0:a][1:a]acrossfade=d=1[a1];\
    [a1][2:a]acrossfade=d=1[a]" \
  -map "[v]" -map "[a]" \
  three_clips.mp4

带转场的幻灯片

#!/bin/bash
# slideshow.sh - Create slideshow from images with transitions

DURATION=3      # Each image duration
TRANSITION=1    # Transition duration
FPS=30

# Generate input commands
inputs=""
for img in *.jpg; do
    inputs="$inputs -loop 1 -t $DURATION -i $img"
done

# Calculate filter for 4 images
# Adjust offsets based on image count
ffmpeg $inputs \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1,fps=$FPS[v0];\
    [1:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1,fps=$FPS[v1];\
    [2:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1,fps=$FPS[v2];\
    [3:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1,fps=$FPS[v3];\
    [v0][v1]xfade=transition=fade:duration=$TRANSITION:offset=$((DURATION-TRANSITION))[x1];\
    [x1][v2]xfade=transition=wipeleft:duration=$TRANSITION:offset=$((2*DURATION-2*TRANSITION))[x2];\
    [x2][v3]xfade=transition=circleopen:duration=$TRANSITION:offset=$((3*DURATION-3*TRANSITION))[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
  slideshow.mp4

每个剪切点使用不同的转场

# Use different transitions between each clip
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 -i clip3.mp4 -i clip4.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[x1];\
    [x1][2:v]xfade=transition=wipeleft:duration=1:offset=8[x2];\
    [x2][3:v]xfade=transition=circleopen:duration=1.5:offset=12[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  varied_transitions.mp4

使用表达式自定义转场

自定义 xfade 表达式

# Custom diagonal wipe with easing
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=custom:duration=1:offset=4:\
    expr='if(gt(X+Y,W+H*P),B,A)'[v]" \
  -map "[v]" custom_diag.mp4

# Smooth custom fade
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=custom:duration=1:offset=4:\
    expr='A*(1-P)+B*P'[v]" \
  -map "[v]" smooth_fade.mp4

# Circular reveal with custom center
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=custom:duration=1.5:offset=4:\
    expr='if(gt(sqrt(pow(X-W/2,2)+pow(Y-H/2,2)),P*sqrt(pow(W/2,2)+pow(H/2,2))),A,B)'[v]" \
  -map "[v]" circle_reveal.mp4

表达式变量

变量	描述
X	当前像素的 X 坐标
Y	当前像素的 Y 坐标
W	帧宽度
H	帧高度
P	进度（0 到 1）
A	第一个片段的像素值
B	第二个片段的像素值

高级转场技巧

亮度/Alpha 遮罩转场

# Using a gradient image as transition mask
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 -loop 1 -i gradient.png \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]format=rgba[a];\
    [1:v]format=rgba[b];\
    [2:v]format=gray,scale=1920:1080[mask];\
    [a][b][mask]maskedmerge[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -t 5 \
  luma_transition.mp4

动态模糊转场

# Add motion blur during transition
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]split[a1][a2];\
    [1:v]split[b1][b2];\
    [a1][b1]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[fade];\
    [fade]tblend=all_mode=average:all_opacity=0.5[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  blur_transition.mp4

推入/揭示转场

# Push left (new clip pushes old off screen)
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]fps=30[a];\
    [1:v]fps=30[b];\
    [a][b]xfade=transition=slideleft:duration=0.5:offset=4.5[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  push_left.mp4

# Cover transition (new clip covers old)
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=coverright:duration=0.75:offset=4.25[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  cover_right.mp4

带 Ken Burns 效果的缩放

# Zoom transition with motion
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]scale=2*iw:-1,zoompan=z='min(zoom+0.0015,1.5)':d=150:s=1920x1080[a];\
    [1:v][a]xfade=transition=zoomin:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" -t 6 \
  zoom_transition.mp4

带文字/图形的转场

标题卡转场

# Fade to title card, then fade to next clip
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 \
  -f lavfi -i "color=c=black:s=1920x1080:d=3" \
  -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [1:v]drawtext=text='Chapter 2':fontsize=72:fontcolor=white:x=(w-tw)/2:y=(h-th)/2[title];\
    [0:v][title]xfade=transition=fadeblack:duration=1:offset=4[x1];\
    [x1][2:v]xfade=transition=fadeblack:duration=1:offset=6[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  title_transition.mp4

下三分之一字幕转场

# Animate lower third with clip transition
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 -i lower_third.png \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[bg];\
    [2:v]format=rgba[lt];\
    [bg][lt]overlay=x=50:y=H-h-50:enable='between(t,1,4)'[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  lower_third_trans.mp4

性能优化

硬件加速转场

# Use NVENC for faster encoding after transition
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  -c:v h264_nvenc -preset fast \
  output.mp4

# Hardware decode + CPU transition + hardware encode
ffmpeg -hwaccel cuda -i clip1.mp4 -hwaccel cuda -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=dissolve:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  -c:v h264_nvenc \
  output.mp4

优化预览效果

# Lower resolution preview
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]scale=640:360[a];\
    [1:v]scale=640:360[b];\
    [a][b]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" \
  -c:v libx264 -preset ultrafast \
  preview.mp4

故障排除

常见问题

“分辨率不一致”错误

# Ensure both clips have same resolution
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1[a];\
    [1:v]scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2,setsar=1[b];\
    [a][b]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" output.mp4

“输入流的帧率不同”警告

# Normalize frame rates
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v]fps=30[a];\
    [1:v]fps=30[b];\
    [a][b]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v]" \
  -map "[v]" output.mp4

多个片段的偏移量计算

For clips of duration D with transition T:
- offset1 = D - T
- offset2 = 2D - 2T
- offset3 = 3D - 3T
- offsetN = N*D - N*T

音频与视频转场不匹配

# Sync audio crossfade with video xfade
ffmpeg -i clip1.mp4 -i clip2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex "\
    [0:v][1:v]xfade=transition=fade:duration=1:offset=4[v];\
    [0:a][1:a]acrossfade=d=1:c1=tri:c2=tri[a]" \
  -map "[v]" -map "[a]" \
  output.mp4

验证命令

# Check clip durations before creating transitions
ffprobe -v error -show_entries format=duration -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 clip1.mp4

# Check frame rate
ffprobe -v error -select_streams v -show_entries stream=r_frame_rate -of default=noprint_wrappers=1:nokey=1 clip1.mp4

# Check resolution
ffprobe -v error -select_streams v:0 -show_entries stream=width,height -of csv=p=0 clip1.mp4

最佳实践

时间安排

1. 标准转场时长：0.5-1.5 秒
2. 根据内容氛围选择转场风格
3. 在同一序列中使用一致的转场
4. 避免转场时间过长（>2 秒）

质量

1. 在转场前统一分辨率和帧率
2. 最终渲染时使用高质量预设
3. 批量处理前，以全分辨率测试转场效果
4. 考虑片段之间的色彩匹配

风格指南

1. 淡入淡出／叠化：通用、专业
2. 擦除：充满活力，适合动作内容
3. 滑动／推入：现代、动感
4. 圆形／光圈：戏剧化、富有舞台感
5. 像素化／模糊：有创意、富有艺术感

本指南介绍 FFmpeg 转场。有关绘制形状和图形，请参阅 shapes-graphics skill。