关于 implementing-network-access-control-with-cisco-ise
面向网络与安全团队的实施指南,介绍使用 Cisco ISE 部署企业有线网络访问控制。内容涵盖 802.1X、Active Directory、MAB、合规检查和 TrustSec 分段。
主要功能
- 01配置 Active Directory 集成
- 02部署 802.1X 与 MAB 认证
- 03制定认证和授权策略
- 04配置终端合规检查
- 05实施 TrustSec 分段
适用场景
- 01为企业有线网络部署 802.1X
- 02为打印机和电话设置 MAB 访问
- 03按终端合规状态限制网络权限
安装
复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。
npx skills add https:/ / github.com/ mukul975/ anthropic-cybersecurity-skills --skill implementing-network-access-control-with-cisco-ise安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/implementing-network-access-control-with-cisco-ise确认已加载。
包含的文件
除 SKILL.md 外,安装时一起下载的参考资料和脚本。
LICENSEreferences/api-reference.mdscripts/agent.py详细介绍
使用 Cisco ISE 实现网络访问控制
概述
Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) 通过 802.1X 认证、MAC 认证旁路 (MAB)、终端合规评估和访客访问管理提供集中式网络访问控制。ISE 充当 RADIUS 策略服务器,评估来自网络设备(交换机、无线控制器)的认证请求,并返回授权策略,包括 VLAN 分配、可下载 ACL (dACL) 和安全组标签 (SGT)。本技能涵盖部署 ISE 以实现企业有线 802.1X 认证,包括 Active Directory 集成、MAB 回退、终端合规强制执行和 TrustSec 分段。
何时使用
- 在您的环境中部署或配置使用 Cisco ISE 实现网络访问控制功能时
- 建立符合合规要求的安全控制时
- 为该领域构建或改进安全架构时
- 执行需要此实现的安全评估时
先决条件
- Cisco ISE 3.1+ 设备或虚拟机(生产环境最低要求 16 个 CPU 核心、64GB 内存)
- 支持 802.1X 的 Cisco 交换机(推荐 Catalyst 9000 系列)
- 具有用户和计算机账户的 Active Directory 域
- 用于基于证书的 EAP-TLS 认证的 PKI 基础设施
- 在 ISE 节点和网络设备之间一致配置的 DNS 和 NTP
- 终端上的请求方软件(Windows 原生、AnyConnect NAM 或 SecureW2)
核心概念
802.1X 架构
802.1X 框架涉及三个组件:
| 组件 | 角色 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 请求方 | 请求网络访问的客户端 | Windows 802.1X 客户端、AnyConnect NAM |
| 认证方 | 控制端口访问的网络设备 | Cisco Catalyst 交换机 |
| 认证服务器 | 策略决策引擎 | Cisco ISE (RADIUS) |
认证流程
1. Endpoint connects to switch port
2. Switch sends EAP-Request/Identity to endpoint
3. Endpoint responds with EAP-Response/Identity
4. Switch forwards credentials to ISE via RADIUS Access-Request
5. ISE authenticates against AD/LDAP/internal store
6. ISE evaluates authorization policy
7. ISE returns RADIUS Access-Accept with attributes (VLAN, dACL, SGT)
8. Switch enforces authorization on the port
认证方法
| 方法 | 使用场景 | 安全级别 |
|---|---|---|
| EAP-TLS | 基于证书,最高安全性 | 高 |
| PEAP-MSCHAPv2 | 通过 AD 的用户名/密码 | 中 |
| EAP-FAST | Cisco 专有,快速重新认证 | 中 |
| MAB | 非 802.1X 设备(打印机、IP 电话) | 低 |
工作流
步骤 1:配置 ISE 进行 Active Directory 集成
导航至 Administration > Identity Management > External Identity Sources > Active Directory:
- 使用域名添加 AD 加入点(例如
corp.example.com) - 为 ISE 机器账户提供域管理员凭据
- 将 ISE 加入域
- 为授权策略选择 AD 组:
Domain Users- 标准员工访问Domain Computers- 机器认证IT-Admins- 特权访问BYOD-Users- 个人设备访问
步骤 2:在 ISE 中配置网络设备
导航至 Administration > Network Resources > Network Devices:
Name: SW-ACCESS-01
IP Address: 10.0.1.1/32
RADIUS Shared Secret: C0mpl3x$3cretKey!
SNMP Settings: v2c, community string
Device Type: Cisco Switches
Location: Building-A-Floor-1
创建网络设备组层次结构:
Device Type:
├── Cisco Switches
│ ├── Access Layer
│ └── Distribution Layer
└── Wireless Controllers
Location:
├── Building-A
└── Building-B
步骤 3:为 802.1X 配置交换机
将此配置应用于接入交换机:
! Enable AAA
aaa new-model
aaa authentication dot1x default group radius
aaa authorization network default group radius
aaa accounting dot1x default start-stop group radius
aaa accounting update newinfo periodic 2880
! Configure RADIUS server
radius server ISE-PRIMARY
address ipv4 10.0.5.10 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813
key 0 C0mpl3x$3cretKey!
automate-tester username radius-test probe-on
radius server ISE-SECONDARY
address ipv4 10.0.5.11 auth-port 1812 acct-port 1813
key 0 C0mpl3x$3cretKey!
automate-tester username radius-test probe-on
aaa group server radius ISE-GROUP
server name ISE-PRIMARY
server name ISE-SECONDARY
deadtime 15
ip radius source-interface Loopback0
! Enable 802.1X globally
dot1x system-auth-control
! Enable RADIUS CoA (Change of Authorization)
aaa server radius dynamic-author
client 10.0.5.10 server-key C0mpl3x$3cretKey!
client 10.0.5.11 server-key C0mpl3x$3cretKey!
! Enable device tracking for IP-to-MAC mapping
device-tracking tracking auto-source
! Configure access port template
interface range GigabitEthernet1/0/1-48
description 802.1X Access Port
switchport mode access
switchport access vlan 100
! Authentication settings
authentication host-mode multi-auth
authentication order dot1x mab
authentication priority dot1x mab
authentication port-control auto
authentication periodic
authentication timer reauthenticate server
authentication timer inactivity server dynamic
authentication violation restrict
! 802.1X settings
dot1x pae authenticator
dot1x timeout tx-period 10
dot1x max-reauth-req 2
! MAB fallback
mab
! Enable spanning-tree portfast (required for timely auth)
spanning-tree portfast
! Apply pre-auth ACL
ip access-group PRE-AUTH-ACL in
! Pre-authentication ACL (allow DHCP, DNS, ISE portal)
ip access-list extended PRE-AUTH-ACL
permit udp any any eq 67
permit udp any any eq 68
permit udp any any eq 53
permit tcp any host 10.0.5.10 eq 8443
permit tcp any host 10.0.5.11 eq 8443
deny ip any any
步骤 4:配置 ISE 认证策略
导航至 Policy > Policy Sets:
认证策略:
| 规则名称 | 条件 | 允许的协议 | 身份源 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dot1X-EAP-TLS | Radius:EAP-Type EQUALS EAP-TLS | EAP-TLS | AD with Certificate |
| Dot1X-PEAP | Radius:EAP-Type EQUALS PEAP | PEAP-MSCHAPv2 | Active Directory |
| MAB | Radius:Service-Type EQUALS Call-Check | MAB Lookup | Internal Endpoints |
| Default | Default | Default | Deny Access |
步骤 5:配置 ISE 授权策略
授权策略:
| 规则名称 | 条件 | 授权配置文件 |
|---|---|---|
| IT-Admin-Wired | AD:Group EQUALS IT-Admins AND Dot1X | VLAN10-FullAccess |
| Employee-Compliant | AD:Group EQUALS Domain Users AND Posture:Compliant | VLAN100-Corporate |
| Employee-NonCompliant | AD:Group EQUALS Domain Users AND Posture:NonCompliant | VLAN200-Remediation |
| Printer-MAB | EndpointIdentityGroup EQUALS Printers | VLAN150-Printers |
| IP-Phone-MAB | EndpointIdentityGroup EQUALS IP-Phones | VLAN50-Voice |
| BYOD-Onboarding | AD:Group EQUALS BYOD-Users AND !Registered | BYOD-Portal-Redirect |
| Guest-Access | GuestEndpointGroup EQUALS GuestEndpoints | VLAN300-Guest |
| Default | Default | DenyAccess |
授权配置文件:
Profile: VLAN100-Corporate
VLAN: 100
dACL: PERMIT_ALL
SGT: Employees (0x0005)
Reauthentication Timer: 28800
Profile: VLAN200-Remediation
VLAN: 200
dACL: REMEDIATION-ACL (allow only remediation server access)
Web Redirection: Posture Discovery
Reauthentication Timer: 300
Profile: DenyAccess
Access Type: ACCESS_REJECT
步骤 6:配置态势评估
导航至 Work Centers > Posture:
态势条件:
- Windows Firewall Enabled (Registry check)
- Antivirus Running and Updated (AV compound condition)
- OS Patch Level Current (Windows Update check)
- Disk Encryption Enabled (BitLocker check)
态势要求:
Requirement: Corporate-Windows-Compliance
OS: Windows All
Conditions: Windows Firewall AND Antivirus AND OS Patches
Remediation: Auto-remediate with AnyConnect ISE Posture Module
态势策略:
Rule: Windows-Endpoints
Identity Group: Any
OS: Windows All
Requirement: Corporate-Windows-Compliance
步骤 7:配置 TrustSec 分段
启用基于 SGT 的分段:
! On switch - enable CTS
cts credentials id SW-ACCESS-01 password CtsP@ss
cts role-based enforcement
cts role-based sgt-map 10.0.100.0/24 sgt 5
! Download SGT policy from ISE
cts role-based permissions
ISE TrustSec 矩阵(SGACL):
| 源 SGT | 目标 SGT | 策略 |
|---|---|---|
| Employees (5) | Servers (10) | Permit_HTTP_HTTPS |
| Employees (5) | PCI_Zone (15) | Deny_All |
| IT-Admins (3) | Servers (10) | Permit_All |
| Guest (7) | Internet (99) | Permit_HTTP_HTTPS |
| Guest (7) | Servers (10) | Deny_All |
故障排除
# On switch - verify authentication status
show authentication sessions
show authentication sessions interface Gi1/0/1 details
show dot1x all
# Check RADIUS connectivity
test aaa server radius ISE-PRIMARY username testuser password testpass
# On ISE - check live logs
# Navigate to Operations > RADIUS > Live Logs
# Filter by MAC address or username
# Review Authentication Details for failure reason
# Common failure reasons:
# 12514 - EAP-TLS handshake failed (certificate issue)
# 22056 - Subject not found in identity store
# 24408 - User not found in Active Directory
# 24454 - User password expired
最佳实践
- 先使用监控模式 - 在实施封闭模式强制执行之前,先以监控模式(开放认证)部署
- 低影响模式 - 使用
authentication open配合预认证 dACL 实现逐步推广 - MAB 数据库 - 为打印机、电话预先填充已知 MAC 地址的端点数据库
- 分析 - 启用 ISE 分析以按类型自动对端点进行分类
- CoA 支持 - 确保配置授权变更(Change of Authorization)以实现动态策略更新
- 高可用性 - 以主/备节点对部署 ISE,并配置 PAN 故障转移
- 证书基础设施 - 使用机器证书进行 EAP-TLS 以获得最强的认证