mcpField
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interview-prep

interview-prep

github.com/jamditis生产力442206 次安装1 天前更新
代码仓库

关于 interview-prep

面向记者的采访准备技能,涵盖背景调查、问题设计、录音同意、安排和后续工作,并为调查性及敏感采访等不同类型提供指导。

主要功能

  1. 01来源与主题调查清单
  2. 02按采访类型组织问题
  3. 03录音同意指南
  4. 04归属约定与安排模板
  5. 05采访后的跟进步骤

适用场景

  1. 01准备调查性采访
  2. 02为专家采访设计问题
  3. 03确认录音和信息归属约定
  4. 04采访后核查受访者说法

安装

复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。

$npx skills add https://github.com/jamditis/claude-skills-journalism --skill interview-prep

安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/interview-prep确认已加载。

附带文件agents/openai.yaml

详细介绍

面试准备

采访的成败取决于准备,而非交谈本身。本技能涵盖采访前的调查、问题设计、后勤安排和后续跟进。

适用场景

  • 准备采访消息来源
  • 为常见采访类型设计问题框架
  • 管理采访安排和知情同意
  • 规划首次采访后的跟进
  • 培训新记者掌握采访技巧

采访前调查清单

背景调查
## Source background check

### Public records
- [ ] Professional licenses verified
- [ ] Court records checked (civil/criminal)
- [ ] Business registrations confirmed
- [ ] Property records (if relevant)
- [ ] Campaign finance (if political figure)
- [ ] SEC filings (if corporate)

### Professional background
- [ ] LinkedIn profile reviewed
- [ ] Current employer confirmed
- [ ] Previous employers noted
- [ ] Published work reviewed
- [ ] Conference appearances checked
- [ ] Professional associations

### Social media audit
- [ ] All platforms identified (X, Bluesky, Threads, Mastodon, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube, Substack, etc.)
- [ ] Post history reviewed
- [ ] Connections/followers analyzed
- [ ] Previous statements on topic found
- [ ] Any deleted content recovered? (See **web-archiving** skill for Wayback / Archive.today retrieval)

### Media appearances
- [ ] Previous interviews found
- [ ] Statements consistent with current position?
- [ ] Other journalists' assessments
- [ ] Any retractions or corrections involving them?
情境调查
## Topic preparation

### Essential knowledge
- [ ] Key facts about the topic confirmed
- [ ] Timeline of events established
- [ ] Other stakeholders identified
- [ ] Conflicting accounts noted
- [ ] Documents/data reviewed

### What to know before you dial
- [ ] How do they fit into the story?
- [ ] What do I NEED from this interview?
- [ ] What might they be reluctant to discuss?
- [ ] What have they said publicly before?

问题框架

核心问题

每次采访都应围绕以下问题展开:

  1. 发生了什么?(事实)
  2. 为什么会发生?(原因)
  3. 你做了什么/决定了什么/看到了什么?(行动)
  4. 这意味着什么?(意义)
  5. 接下来会怎样?(影响)
问题类型
类型目的示例
开放式了解完整经过“请跟我说说那天发生了什么。”
澄清式确认细节“你说‘不久之后’,是指几分钟还是几小时?”
深入追问式深入了解“你认为那件事为什么会发生?”
跟进式发现前后矛盾“你之前说的是 X,但现在提到了 Y。请帮我理解一下。”
质询式质疑陈述“文件显示[事实]。你如何回应?”
收尾式确保内容完整“有没有什么我没问到、但你觉得我应该知道的事?”
按采访类型划分的问题模板

人物专访:

1. Background: "Tell me about where you grew up / how you got started."
2. Turning point: "When did you realize [X] was your path?"
3. Challenge: "What was the hardest moment in [period]?"
4. Values: "What principle guides your work?"
5. Future: "What are you working on next?"

调查性采访:

1. Establish rapport: Non-threatening background questions first
2. Timeline: "Walk me through [event] from the beginning."
3. Details: "Who else was there? What did you see/hear?"
4. Documentation: "Do you have any records of this?"
5. Corroboration: "Who else can confirm this?"
6. Response: "What did [other party] say when you raised this?"

专家/解读类采访:

1. Credentials: "What's your expertise in this area?"
2. Plain language: "Explain [concept] as if I'm not a specialist."
3. Context: "How common/unusual is [situation]?"
4. Significance: "Why does this matter?"
5. Sources: "Where can I learn more? Who else should I talk to?"

受害者/敏感议题采访:

1. Control: "Take your time. You can stop at any point."
2. Open: "Tell me what you're comfortable sharing."
3. Specific: "Can you describe [specific detail]?"
4. Impact: "How has this affected you?"
5. Agency: "What do you want people to understand?"
6. Check-in: "Are you okay to continue?"

录音与知情同意

各州的录音法律

各州的录音同意法律因司法辖区而异,且会发生变化。一些州区分电话录音与当面录音;另一些州将电子通信纳入单独的法规;若干州的判例法(如马萨诸塞州、密歇根州、康涅狄格州)对原有法定规则作出了限缩或扩展。

最可靠的单一参考资料是新闻自由记者委员会的 记者录音指南,网址为 rcfp.org/reporters-recording-guide。该指南持续更新,并按州提供细分信息,涵盖单方同意与所有参与方同意、电话与当面录音的区别、隐蔽录音规则以及联邦法律优先适用的情况。

一般类别:

  • 单方同意(联邦默认规则)。 如果你是谈话的参与方,即使不告知对方,也可以录音。出于道德原因,仍应告知对方。
  • 所有参与方(双方)同意。 所有参与者都必须同意。截至 2025-2026 年,此类别包括(并非详尽列表,依赖前请对照 RCFP 核实):加利福尼亚州、佛罗里达州、伊利诺伊州、马里兰州、马萨诸塞州、蒙大拿州、内华达州、新罕布什尔州、宾夕法尼亚州、华盛顿州。其他若干州(康涅狄格州、密歇根州、俄勒冈州、特拉华州、佛蒙特州、夏威夷州)在某些情境下适用双方同意规则,但并非所有情境都适用;RCFP 提供了按情境划分的详细信息。
  • 跨州通话。 如果通话各方身处不同州,通常适用法律更严格的州的法律。如果你身处单方同意州,而采访对象身处双方同意州,请取得对方同意。

无论司法辖区如何,都应做到:

  • 开始时明确说明:“我正在录制这次采访,可以吗?”
  • 在录音中取得明确同意。
  • 在笔记中记录对方的同意。

无论身处何处,这都能为你提供法律保护,也是道德底线。

知情同意模板
## Recording consent

Date: [date]
Interviewer: [your name]
Subject: [their name]
Medium: [phone/video/in-person]

[At start of recording:]
"This is [your name] with [publication], interviewing [their name] on [date].
I'm recording this conversation. Do I have your permission to record?"

[Their response: yes/no]

"And you understand this may be used for publication?"

[Their response: yes/no]

引述归属指南

可公开引用(默认)
  • 所有内容均可使用全名和职务发表
  • 除非另有约定,否则这是通常的预期
背景引用
  • 信息可以使用,但不透露消息来源的姓名
  • 约定具体称谓:“一位高级官员”“一位了解此事的人”
  • 采访结束前确认准确措辞
深度背景
  • 这些信息可为报道提供指引,但绝不能注明来源
  • 发布前须独立核实
  • 很少适合采用,应尽量争取至少以背景信息方式提供
不得公开
  • 这些信息仅供你了解
  • 不得发布,也不得用来向其他人寻求确认
  • 务必在对方分享信息之前达成一致,而非事后
  • 如果对方先以可公开方式说出某事,之后又想将其转为不得公开,你可以拒绝
澄清来源标注方式
Before starting:
"Just to be clear on attribution, are we on the record?"

If they request otherwise:
"I'd prefer on the record. What concerns you about that?"

If they insist:
"Okay, we'll go on background. What description can I use?"

Document it:
"So I can refer to you as [agreed description], is that right?"

采访安排

预约模板
## Interview request

To: [source name]
Subject: Interview request - [topic] - [publication]

[Name],

I'm a [title] at [publication] working on a story about [brief, honest description].

I'd like to speak with you because [why they're relevant]. The interview would take approximately [realistic time estimate].

Are you available [specific days/times]? I can do phone, video, or in-person, whatever works best for you.

Please let me know if you have questions about the story.

[Your name]
[Contact info]
采访前检查清单
## Day-of checklist

### Equipment
- [ ] Primary recorder charged/working
- [ ] Backup recorder ready
- [ ] Notebook and pens
- [ ] Printed questions/documents
- [ ] Business cards

### Logistics
- [ ] Location confirmed
- [ ] Contact's phone number for day-of
- [ ] Tested video/phone connection
- [ ] Quiet space secured

### Preparation
- [ ] Questions reviewed and prioritized
- [ ] Documents to reference ready
- [ ] Timeline of facts clear in mind
- [ ] Backup questions if interview goes short

采访过程中

开场
  • 简短闲聊,建立融洽关系
  • 确认可用时间
  • 说明录音事宜并征得同意
  • 从简单、开放式的问题开始
积极倾听
  • 让对方说完
  • 善用沉默,不要填满每个停顿
  • 即使录音也要做笔记
  • 单独记录非语言线索
实时核实
  • 询问具体信息:日期、姓名、地点
  • 采访期间索取文件
  • 询问“你怎么知道的?”
  • 记录前后不一致之处,以便跟进
收尾
  • “有没有什么我没问到,但应该问的?”
  • “我还应该和谁谈谈?”
  • “如果我还有问题,可以再联系你吗?”
  • 感谢对方抽出时间

后续流程

有关录音备份、转录工具和引语核实的具体操作,请使用 interview-transcription 技能。此处的笔记仅涵盖其中未涉及的采访后编辑步骤。

采访当天
  • 备份录音(存储和命名方式请参阅 interview-transcription)
  • 记录录音中未包含的观察(肢体语言、环境、未录入麦克风的发言)
  • 如适合,发送感谢信息
48 小时内
  • 对照现有记录核查说法
  • 找出需要跟进的缺口
  • 将消息来源添加到联系人数据库
发布前
  • 核实引语准确无误
  • 确认来源标注方式
  • 如已承诺,提供引语回读机会
  • 给对方机会回应相关描述(如具有新闻价值)

棘手情况

对方在采访中途要求转为不得公开

“在我同意之前,先让我听听你想告诉我什么,然后我们再讨论如何处理。”

对方拒绝回答

“我理解你不能讨论这件事。你能告诉我可以联系谁吗?”

对方态度敌对

保持冷静。提问务必基于事实。“我只是想了解发生了什么。”

对方哭泣或情绪激动

暂停。“慢慢来。你随时可以让我们停下来。”

对方说谎

不要指责。出示相矛盾的证据:“文件显示 [X]。你能帮我了解一下这处出入吗?”


成功的采访离不开充分准备。对话才是容易的部分。

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