kubernetes-hardening

Kubernetes 加固

保护 Kubernetes 集群和工作负载。

何时使用此技能

在以下情况下使用此技能：

• 加固 Kubernetes 集群
• 实施 Pod 安全标准
• 配置网络策略
• 满足安全合规要求

Pod 安全标准

# Namespace with restricted policy
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: production
  labels:
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/audit: restricted
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/warn: restricted

安全上下文

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: secure-pod
spec:
  securityContext:
    runAsNonRoot: true
    runAsUser: 1000
    runAsGroup: 1000
    fsGroup: 1000
    seccompProfile:
      type: RuntimeDefault
  containers:
  - name: app
    image: myapp:latest
    securityContext:
      allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
      readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
      capabilities:
        drop: ["ALL"]

网络策略

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: default-deny-all
spec:
  podSelector: {}
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
  - Egress
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-web
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      app: web
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          app: frontend
    ports:
    - port: 8080

RBAC

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: app-reader
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["pods", "services"]
  verbs: ["get", "list"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: app-reader-binding
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: myapp
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: app-reader
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

最佳实践

• 启用 Pod 安全标准
• 实施网络策略
• 遵循最小权限原则使用 RBAC
• 启用审计日志
• 使用加密保护 etcd
• 使用服务网格实现 mTLS
• 定期进行安全扫描

相关技能

• kubernetes-ops - K8s 运维
• container-hardening - 容器安全