office-remediation

Office 无障碍修复模式技能

以编程方式修复 Microsoft Office 文档无障碍问题的 API 参考和代码模式。

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python-docx 模式（Word .docx）

设置文档标题

from docx import Document
doc = Document("input.docx")
doc.core_properties.title = "Descriptive Title"
doc.save("output.docx")

设置文档语言

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from lxml import etree

doc = Document("input.docx")
styles_element = doc.styles.element
rPrDefault = styles_element.find(qn("w:docDefaults/w:rPrDefault/w:rPr"))
if rPrDefault is not None:
    lang = rPrDefault.find(qn("w:lang"))
    if lang is None:
        lang = etree.SubElement(rPrDefault, qn("w:lang"))
    lang.set(qn("w:val"), "en-US")
doc.save("output.docx")

设置表格标题行

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from lxml import etree

doc = Document("input.docx")
for table in doc.tables:
    first_row = table.rows[0]._tr
    trPr = first_row.get_or_add_trPr()
    existing = trPr.find(qn("w:tblHeader"))
    if existing is None:
        header_elem = etree.SubElement(trPr, qn("w:tblHeader"))
        header_elem.set(qn("w:val"), "true")
doc.save("output.docx")

为图像添加替代文本

from docx import Document
from docx.oxml.ns import qn

doc = Document("input.docx")
for rel in doc.part.rels.values():
    if "image" in rel.reltype:
        # Images are referenced via <wp:docPr> in the document XML
        # Alt text is the 'descr' attribute on the docPr element
        pass

# Direct XML approach for inline images:
body = doc.element.body
for docPr in body.iter(qn("wp:docPr")):
    if not docPr.get("descr"):
        docPr.set("descr", "TODO: Add alt text")
doc.save("output.docx")

修正标题级别

from docx import Document

HEADING_MAP = {
    "Heading 3": "Heading 2",  # Example: fix skipped level
}

doc = Document("input.docx")
for para in doc.paragraphs:
    if para.style.name in HEADING_MAP:
        para.style = doc.styles[HEADING_MAP[para.style.name]]
doc.save("output.docx")

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openpyxl 模式（Excel .xlsx）

设置工作簿标题和作者

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("input.xlsx")
wb.properties.title = "Descriptive Title"
wb.properties.creator = "Author Name"
wb.save("output.xlsx")

设置打印标题行（重复标题行）

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("input.xlsx")
for ws in wb.worksheets:
    if ws.max_row > 1:
        ws.print_title_rows = "1:1"  # Repeat row 1 on every printed page
wb.save("output.xlsx")

检测通用工作表名称

GENERIC = {"Sheet", "Sheet1", "Sheet2", "Sheet3", "Tabelle1", "Feuil1"}

from openpyxl import load_workbook
wb = load_workbook("input.xlsx")
for ws in wb.worksheets:
    if ws.title in GENERIC:
        print(f"Generic sheet name: '{ws.title}' — rename to describe content")

检测合并单元格

from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook("input.xlsx")
for ws in wb.worksheets:
    if ws.merged_cells.ranges:
        for merged in ws.merged_cells.ranges:
            print(f"Sheet '{ws.title}': merged range {merged}")

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python-pptx 模式（PowerPoint .pptx）

设置演示文稿标题

from pptx import Presentation

prs = Presentation("input.pptx")
prs.core_properties.title = "Descriptive Title"
prs.save("output.pptx")

检查是否缺少幻灯片标题

from pptx import Presentation

prs = Presentation("input.pptx")
for i, slide in enumerate(prs.slides, 1):
    title_shape = slide.shapes.title
    if title_shape is None:
        print(f"Slide {i}: No title placeholder")
    elif not title_shape.text.strip():
        print(f"Slide {i}: Empty title")

为图像设置替代文本

from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.enum.shapes import MSO_SHAPE_TYPE

prs = Presentation("input.pptx")
for i, slide in enumerate(prs.slides, 1):
    for shape in slide.shapes:
        if shape.shape_type == MSO_SHAPE_TYPE.PICTURE:
            if not getattr(shape, "_element").get("descr", ""):
                # Access via XML for older python-pptx versions
                shape._element.set("descr", "TODO: Add alt text")
prs.save("output.pptx")

检查阅读顺序

from pptx import Presentation
from lxml import etree

prs = Presentation("input.pptx")
for i, slide in enumerate(prs.slides, 1):
    shapes = [(s.left, s.top, s.name) for s in slide.shapes]
    # Visual order (top-to-bottom, left-to-right) vs. XML order
    visual = sorted(shapes, key=lambda s: (s[1], s[0]))
    xml_order = [s.name for s in slide.shapes]
    visual_order = [s[2] for s in visual]
    if xml_order != visual_order:
        print(f"Slide {i}: Reading order may differ from visual layout")

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PowerShell COM 自动化（Windows + Office）

Word — 设置标题

$word = New-Object -ComObject Word.Application
$word.Visible = $false
$doc = $word.Documents.Open("C:\path\document.docx")
$doc.BuiltinDocumentProperties("Title").Value = "Accessible Title"
$doc.Save()
$doc.Close()
$word.Quit()
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($word) | Out-Null

Excel — 设置标题和工作表名称

$excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
$excel.Visible = $false
$wb = $excel.Workbooks.Open("C:\path\spreadsheet.xlsx")
$wb.BuiltinDocumentProperties("Title").Value = "Accessible Title"
# Rename sheets (example)
# $wb.Sheets.Item(1).Name = "Revenue Data"
$wb.Save()
$wb.Close()
$excel.Quit()
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel) | Out-Null

PowerPoint — 设置标题

$ppt = New-Object -ComObject PowerPoint.Application
$prs = $ppt.Presentations.Open("C:\path\presentation.pptx")
$prs.BuiltinDocumentProperties("Title").Value = "Accessible Title"
$prs.Save()
$prs.Close()
$ppt.Quit()
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($ppt) | Out-Null

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OOXML 直接操作（ZIP + XML）

对于没有 Python 或 Office 的环境，可以将文档作为 ZIP 存档直接操作：

提取并编辑 core.xml（标题/语言）

# Extract
mkdir -p extracted
unzip -o document.docx -d extracted

# Edit title in docProps/core.xml
sed -i 's|<dc:title/>|<dc:title>Accessible Title</dc:title>|' extracted/docProps/core.xml

# Repackage
cd extracted && zip -r ../document-fixed.docx . && cd ..

关键 OOXML 路径

属性	文件	XML 元素
标题	docProps/core.xml	<dc:title>
作者	docProps/core.xml	<dc:creator>
语言	word/settings.xml	<w:themeFontLang>
标题样式	word/document.xml	<w:pStyle w:val="Heading1">
替代文本	word/document.xml	<wp:docPr descr="...">
表格标题	word/document.xml	<w:tblHeader/>

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安全规则

1. 始终备份原始文件，然后再进行任何修改
2. 切勿覆盖原始文件 — 使用 -fixed 后缀或单独的输出路径
3. 修复后进行验证 — 建议使用 Microsoft Accessibility Checker 或重新审计
4. COM 清理 — 使用 COM 自动化后，始终调用 ReleaseComObject 和 Quit()
5. 编码 — OOXML 使用 UTF-8；如果 core.xml 中存在 BOM，请予以保留