mcpField
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operations

operations

github.com/travisjneuman其他106152 次安装1 天前更新
代码仓库

关于 operations

面向运营与供应链从业者的运营管理框架资料,涵盖精益、六西格玛、质量、产能和供应商管理,适用于流程改进与运营规划。

主要功能

  1. 01精益制造与浪费识别
  2. 02六西格玛 DMAIC 框架
  3. 03供应链策略与 KPI
  4. 04需求预测与库存管理
  5. 05质量工具与过程控制
  6. 06产能和供应商管理

适用场景

  1. 01梳理生产流程中的浪费
  2. 02制定供应链绩效指标
  3. 03选择需求预测与库存方法
  4. 04评估质量及过程稳定性

安装

复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。

$npx skills add https://github.com/travisjneuman/.claude --skill operations

安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/operations确认已加载。

附带文件references/operations-excellence-skill.md

详细介绍

运营专家

用于流程改进、供应链管理和卓越运营的综合运营框架。

卓越运营框架

精益制造原则
THE 5 PRINCIPLES OF LEAN:
1. Value - Define from customer perspective
2. Value Stream - Map all steps, eliminate waste
3. Flow - Make value-creating steps flow smoothly
4. Pull - Let customer demand drive production
5. Perfection - Continuously improve toward perfection
8 大浪费(DOWNTIME)
浪费定义示例应对措施
Defects(缺陷)需要返工或报废的工作质量问题、错误防错、质量源头控制
Overproduction(过量生产)生产超过需求的产品库存过剩、在制品拉动系统、看板
Waiting(等待)流程之间的闲置时间排队时间、等待审批优化流程、交叉培训
Non-utilized talent(未充分利用人才)未充分发挥员工技能手动录入数据、例行任务赋能、自动化
Transportation(运输)不必要的物料移动多次搬运、布局不佳优化设施布局
Inventory(库存)过多的库存或物料安全库存、在制品JIT、需求规划
Motion(动作)工人不必要的移动工作站设计不佳5S、人机工程学
Extra processing(过度加工)超出必要范围的工作过度设计、重复检查价值流图
六西格玛 DMAIC
DEFINE
- Problem statement
- Project charter
- Voice of customer (VOC)
- SIPOC diagram
- CTQ (Critical to Quality) tree

MEASURE
- Data collection plan
- Process capability (Cp, Cpk)
- Measurement system analysis
- Baseline metrics

ANALYZE
- Root cause analysis (5 Whys, Fishbone)
- Statistical analysis
- Process mapping
- Hypothesis testing

IMPROVE
- Solution generation
- Pilot testing
- Implementation plan
- Risk assessment (FMEA)

CONTROL
- Control plan
- Statistical process control (SPC)
- Standard operating procedures
- Training and handoff
六西格玛指标
西格玛水平DPMO良率
1691,46230.9%
2308,53869.1%
366,80793.3%
46,21099.4%
523399.98%
63.499.9997%

供应链管理

供应链战略
战略适用情况主要特点
高效型需求稳定、商品类产品低成本、高利用率、库存最少
响应型需求难以预测、创新型产品速度、灵活性、缓冲库存
风险对冲型供应不确定多个供应商、共享库存
敏捷型需求和供应均不确定综合以上各项、模块化设计
SCOR 模型(供应链运作参考模型)
PLAN
- Demand planning
- Supply planning
- S&OP process
- Inventory planning

SOURCE
- Supplier selection
- Contract negotiation
- Procurement
- Supplier performance

MAKE
- Production scheduling
- Manufacturing execution
- Quality management
- Capacity management

DELIVER
- Order management
- Warehousing
- Transportation
- Last-mile delivery

RETURN
- Reverse logistics
- Returns processing
- Warranty management
- Disposal/recycling

ENABLE
- Business rules
- Performance management
- Data management
- Risk management
供应链 KPI
类别指标公式目标
可靠性完美订单(完整、准时、无损、单据准确)/总订单数95%+
OTIF按时足量交付的订单数/总订单数98%+
响应能力订单周期时间从收到订单到交付因行业而异
交付周期从需求提出到完成履约尽可能缩短
敏捷性上行灵活性30 天内可能实现的增幅20%+
供应链适应能力适应市场变化所需时间尽可能缩短
成本供应链成本供应链总成本/收入5-10%
COGS销售商品成本/收入因行业而异
资产管理现金转换周期DIO + DSO - DPO因行业而异
库存周转率销售商品成本/平均库存越高越好

需求计划与预测

预测方法
方法使用场景准确度
移动平均法需求稳定低至中
指数平滑法趋势数据中
回归分析因果关系中至高
ARIMA复杂模式高
机器学习大型数据集、多种变量高
协同预测零售、促销中至高
S&OP(销售与运营计划)
MONTHLY S&OP CYCLE:

Week 1: Data Gathering
- Update sales forecast
- Review actual vs. plan
- Identify issues

Week 2: Demand Planning
- Demand review meeting
- Consensus forecast
- New product planning

Week 3: Supply Planning
- Capacity analysis
- Inventory planning
- Resource requirements

Week 4: Pre-S&OP
- Gap analysis
- Scenario planning
- Financial reconciliation

Week 5: Executive S&OP
- Final decisions
- Resource allocation
- Performance review
库存管理
模型公式使用场景
EOQ√(2DS/H)需求恒定
安全库存z × σ × √LT缓冲不确定性
再订货点(D × LT) + SS触发补货
ABC CLASSIFICATION:
A Items: 20% of SKUs, 80% of value → Tight control
B Items: 30% of SKUs, 15% of value → Moderate control
C Items: 50% of SKUs, 5% of value → Minimal control

XYZ CLASSIFICATION (Variability):
X: Low variability (CV < 0.5) → Predictable
Y: Medium variability (0.5 < CV < 1.0) → Some variation
Z: High variability (CV > 1.0) → Sporadic

质量管理

全面质量管理(TQM)
TQM PRINCIPLES:
1. Customer focus
2. Total employee involvement
3. Process-centered
4. Integrated system
5. Strategic and systematic approach
6. Continuous improvement
7. Fact-based decision making
8. Communications
质量工具
工具用途使用时机
帕累托图找出少数关键因素对问题进行优先级排序
鱼骨图根因分析调查问题
控制图监控流程稳定性持续监控
直方图展示分布了解变异
散点图展示相关性分析关系
检查表收集数据系统化记录
流程图可视化流程理解流程
统计过程控制(SPC)
CONTROL CHART RULES (Western Electric):
Rule 1: One point beyond 3σ
Rule 2: 2 of 3 points beyond 2σ (same side)
Rule 3: 4 of 5 points beyond 1σ (same side)
Rule 4: 8 points in a row on one side of center
Rule 5: 6 points trending up or down
Rule 6: 14 points alternating up and down
Rule 7: 15 points within 1σ (reduced variation)
Rule 8: 8 points beyond 1σ (both sides)

产能规划

产能分析
CAPACITY METRICS:
Design Capacity: Maximum theoretical output
Effective Capacity: Expected output given constraints
Actual Output: Real production achieved

Utilization = Actual Output / Design Capacity
Efficiency = Actual Output / Effective Capacity

CAPACITY STRATEGIES:
Lead: Build capacity ahead of demand
Lag: Build capacity after demand materializes
Match: Incrementally match demand
生产计划
计划层级时间范围决策
战略级1-5 年设施、大型设备
战术级3-18 个月人力、库存水平
运营级数天至数周排程、排序

供应商管理

供应商评估标准
QCDDM FRAMEWORK:
Q - Quality (PPM, certification, capability)
C - Cost (Price, TCO, cost reduction)
D - Delivery (OTIF, lead time, flexibility)
D - Development (Innovation, collaboration)
M - Management (Financial stability, risk)

SCORECARD WEIGHTS (example):
Quality: 30%
Delivery: 25%
Cost: 25%
Service: 10%
Innovation: 10%
供应商关系层级
层级关系类型特征
战略级合作伙伴关系联合开发、长期合作、共担风险
优选级协作关系承诺采购量、改进计划
批准级交易关系竞争性招标、标准条款
临时级一次性合作紧急采购、尽可能简化审查
合同管理
KEY CONTRACT ELEMENTS:
- Scope of work / specifications
- Pricing structure (fixed, cost-plus, tiered)
- Volume commitments
- Quality requirements and remedies
- Delivery terms (Incoterms)
- IP ownership
- Liability and indemnification
- Force majeure
- Termination rights
- Performance metrics / SLAs
- Dispute resolution

流程改进方法论

价值流图
CURRENT STATE MAP:
1. Identify product family
2. Map customer requirements
3. Walk the process
4. Collect data (cycle time, changeover, uptime)
5. Calculate lead time vs. process time
6. Identify waste

FUTURE STATE MAP:
1. Calculate takt time
2. Implement continuous flow where possible
3. Use pull systems
4. Level production
5. Identify kaizen bursts
6. Calculate new lead time
Kaizen 活动
阶段时长活动内容
准备2-4 周确定范围、团队、收集数据
活动3-5 天分析、设计解决方案、实施
后续跟进30-60 天维持、衡量、调整
5S 方法
步骤日语英语措施
1Seiri整理移除不必要的物品
2Seiton整顿整理剩余物品
3Seiso清扫清洁工作区域
4Seiketsu清洁制定标准
5Shitsuke素养保持纪律

运营指标仪表板

关键运营指标
类别指标频率
安全TRIR、损失工时每日
质量一次通过率、缺陷率每日
交付OTIF、交付周期每日
成本单位成本、生产力每周
库存周转率、DOS每周
设备OEE、停机时间每日
OEE(设备综合效率)
OEE = Availability × Performance × Quality

Availability = Run Time / Planned Production Time
Performance = (Total Count × Ideal Cycle Time) / Run Time
Quality = Good Count / Total Count

WORLD-CLASS OEE: 85%+
- Availability: 90%
- Performance: 95%
- Quality: 99%

另请参阅

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