关于 options-comparator
面向个人和团队的结构化决策比较指南，用于为多个选项设定标准、评分并形成可说明的建议。提供加权矩阵、权重方法、敏感性分析以及推荐备忘录等模板。
主要功能
- 01加权评分矩阵
- 02标准权重分配方法
- 03成对比较与强制排序
- 04加权优缺点分析
- 05权重与评分敏感性测试
- 06供应商与技术评估模板
适用场景
- 01比较多个产品或供应商
- 02按团队优先级评估备选方案
- 03测试权重变化对推荐的影响
- 04撰写决策建议备忘录
安装
复制下面的命令，在终端中运行。
$
npx skills add https:/安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/options-comparator确认已加载。
详细介绍
选项比较器
用于系统比较备选方案、为选项评分并给出有理有据的建议的结构化框架。
加权评分矩阵
标准加权矩阵模板
WEIGHTED SCORING MATRIX:
STEP 1: Define criteria and weights (must sum to 100%)
| Criterion | Weight | Option A | Option B | Option C |
|-----------------|--------|----------|----------|----------|
| [Criterion 1] | 25% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion 2] | 20% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion 3] | 20% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion 4] | 15% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion 5] | 10% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion 6] | 10% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
|-----------------|--------|----------|----------|----------|
| WEIGHTED TOTAL | 100% | [sum] | [sum] | [sum] |
STEP 2: Calculate weighted scores
Weighted score = Raw score x Weight
Total = Sum of all weighted scores
STEP 3: Interpret results
4.5-5.0: Excellent fit
3.5-4.4: Good fit
2.5-3.4: Acceptable with trade-offs
1.5-2.4: Poor fit — significant concerns
1.0-1.4: Disqualified
SCORING RUBRIC:
5 = Exceeds requirements / best in class
4 = Fully meets requirements
3 = Partially meets requirements
2 = Significant gaps
1 = Does not meet requirements / disqualifying
权重分配方法
| 方法 | 运作方式 | 适用场景 |
|---|---|---|
| 直接分配 | 利益相关者在各项标准间分配 100 分 | 小组、快速决策 |
| 两两比较 | 每次比较两项标准，据此得出权重 | 严谨的优先级排序 |
| MoSCoW 排序 | 按必须有／应该有／可以有／不会有分类，再在各层级内分配权重 | 由需求驱动的决策 |
| 摆幅加权 | 根据从最好到最差的变化有多重要来评估各项标准 | 复杂的多属性决策 |
| 利益相关者投票 | 每位利益相关者分配 10 票 | 民主式团队决策 |
权重验证清单
BEFORE FINALIZING WEIGHTS:
- [ ] Weights sum to exactly 100%
- [ ] No single criterion exceeds 40% (unless justified)
- [ ] No criterion is below 5% (drop it if irrelevant)
- [ ] Weights reflect stated priorities (not just habit)
- [ ] Stakeholders reviewed and approved weights
- [ ] Weights were set BEFORE scoring options
(prevents reverse-engineering to a preferred choice)
两两比较
两两比较矩阵
PAIRWISE COMPARISON TEMPLATE:
Compare criteria A through E. For each pair, indicate
which is more important (mark the winner):
A B C D E WINS WEIGHT
A [--] [ ] [A] [ ] [A] 2 25%
B [B] [--] [B] [B] [B] 4 40%
C [ ] [ ] [--] [ ] [C] 1 10%
D [D] [ ] [D] [--] [D] 3 25%
E [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [--] 0 0%
Weight = Wins / Total comparisons x 100
Total comparisons = n(n-1)/2 = 5(4)/2 = 10
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Compare each pair: "Is criterion X more important than Y?"
2. Mark the winner in the matrix
3. Count wins for each criterion
4. Calculate weights from win percentages
5. Adjust if any criterion has 0% but should remain
强制排序
FORCED RANKING METHOD:
List all options and rank from best to worst on each criterion.
No ties allowed (forces differentiation).
| Criterion | Rank 1 (Best) | Rank 2 | Rank 3 | Rank 4 (Worst) |
|---------------|---------------|--------|--------|-----------------|
| Price | Option C | Option A| Option D| Option B |
| Quality | Option B | Option D| Option A| Option C |
| Speed | Option A | Option B| Option C| Option D |
| Support | Option D | Option C| Option B| Option A |
SCORING:
Rank 1 = 4 points, Rank 2 = 3, Rank 3 = 2, Rank 4 = 1
(Or weight the ranking scores by criterion importance)
加权优缺点分析
结构化优缺点模板
WEIGHTED PROS/CONS ANALYSIS:
OPTION: [Name]
PROS:
| # | Advantage | Impact | Certainty | Score |
|---|------------------------------|--------|-----------|-------|
| 1 | [Pro description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
| 2 | [Pro description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
| 3 | [Pro description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
CONS:
| # | Disadvantage | Impact | Certainty | Score |
|---|------------------------------|--------|-----------|-------|
| 1 | [Con description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
| 2 | [Con description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
| 3 | [Con description] | H/M/L | H/M/L | [1-9] |
SCORING GUIDE:
Impact: High=3, Medium=2, Low=1
Certainty: High=3, Medium=2, Low=1
Score = Impact x Certainty (range: 1-9)
NET SCORE = Sum of Pro scores - Sum of Con scores
Positive: Pros outweigh cons
Negative: Cons outweigh pros
Near zero: Trade-off decision (needs judgment)
对比优缺点
| 因素 | 选项 A | 选项 B | 选项 C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 最适用场景 | [理想用例] | [理想用例] | [理想用例] |
| 最不适用场景 | [不合适的情形] | [不合适的情形] | [不合适的情形] |
| 最大优点 | [最显著的优势] | [最显著的优势] | [最显著的优势] |
| 最大缺点 | [最大的不足] | [最大的不足] | [最大的不足] |
| 风险等级 | 低／中／高 | 低／中／高 | 低／中／高 |
| 可逆性 | 容易／困难／不可能 | 容易／困难／不可能 | 容易／困难／不可能 |
决策矩阵模板
综合决策矩阵
DECISION MATRIX:
DECISION: [Clear statement of what you are deciding]
DATE: [Date of analysis]
OWNER: [Decision maker(s)]
DEADLINE: [When decision must be made]
OPTIONS UNDER CONSIDERATION:
A. [Option name and brief description]
B. [Option name and brief description]
C. [Option name and brief description]
D. [Status quo / do nothing]
MUST-HAVE CRITERIA (pass/fail — eliminates options):
| Requirement | Option A | Option B | Option C | Option D |
|----------------------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
| [Hard requirement 1] | Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail|
| [Hard requirement 2] | Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail|
| [Hard requirement 3] | Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail| Pass/Fail|
NICE-TO-HAVE CRITERIA (scored and weighted):
| Criterion | Weight | Opt A | Opt B | Opt C | Opt D |
|-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------|-------|
| [Criterion] | X% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion] | X% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
| [Criterion] | X% | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] | [1-5] |
|-------------|--------|-------|-------|-------|-------|
| TOTAL | 100% | [sum] | [sum] | [sum] | [sum] |
RECOMMENDATION: [Option letter] because [1-2 sentence rationale]
RISKS OF CHOSEN OPTION:
1. [Risk and mitigation plan]
2. [Risk and mitigation plan]
NEXT STEPS:
1. [Action item, owner, deadline]
2. [Action item, owner, deadline]
权衡分析框架
权衡映射
TRADE-OFF ANALYSIS:
STEP 1: Identify the key trade-off dimensions
Common trade-offs:
- Cost vs Quality
- Speed vs Thoroughness
- Flexibility vs Standardization
- Control vs Convenience
- Short-term vs Long-term
- Risk vs Reward
- Simplicity vs Capability
STEP 2: Map options on trade-off axes
HIGH QUALITY
|
| Option B
| *
|
LOW COST -------+--------- HIGH COST
|
Option A|
* |
| Option C
| *
LOW QUALITY
STEP 3: Identify the efficient frontier
Options on the frontier are rationally competitive.
Options below the frontier are dominated
(another option is better on all axes).
STEP 4: Choose based on priorities
"We are optimizing for [dimension] while keeping
[other dimension] above [minimum threshold]."
权衡决策规则
| 规则 | 适用场景 | 运作方式 |
|---|---|---|
| 最大化一项，其他项设门槛 | 主要目标明确 | 为次要标准设定最低要求，然后选择主要标准得分最高的选项 |
| 满意化 | 时间紧迫，结果够好即可 | 选择第一个满足所有最低门槛的选项 |
| 字典序法 | 优先级顺序明确 | 先按最重要的标准排序，再用第二重要的标准打破平局 |
| 最小化最大遗憾 | 不确定性高 | 选择能最大限度减少最坏情况下失望的选项 |
| 期望值 | 结果和概率可量化 | 计算每种情境的概率 x 收益，选择 EV 最高的选项 |
决策敏感性分析
权重敏感性测试
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS:
PURPOSE: Test if the recommendation changes when weights shift.
BASELINE WEIGHTS:
Cost: 30% | Quality: 25% | Speed: 20% | Support: 15% | Risk: 10%
Winner: Option B (score: 3.85)
SCENARIO 1 — Cost-focused (Cost +15%, others proportionally reduced):
Cost: 45% | Quality: 20% | Speed: 16% | Support: 12% | Risk: 7%
Winner: [recalculate]
SCENARIO 2 — Quality-focused (Quality +15%):
Cost: 24% | Quality: 40% | Speed: 16% | Support: 12% | Risk: 8%
Winner: [recalculate]
SCENARIO 3 — Risk-averse (Risk +20%):
Cost: 22% | Quality: 19% | Speed: 15% | Support: 14% | Risk: 30%
Winner: [recalculate]
INTERPRETATION:
If the same option wins in all scenarios → ROBUST decision
If winner changes in 1 scenario → Note the sensitivity
If winner changes in 2+ scenarios → Decision depends on priorities
得分敏感性测试
BREAKEVEN ANALYSIS:
"How much would Option A's score on [criterion] need
to improve to overtake Option B?"
Current:
Option A total: 3.45
Option B total: 3.85
Gap: 0.40
Criterion X (weight 25%):
Option A score: 2
Required score to close gap: 2 + (0.40 / 0.25) = 3.6 → round to 4
Is this plausible? [Yes/No]
If yes → decision is sensitive to this criterion
If no → decision is robust on this dimension
建议备忘录模板
执行决策备忘录
DECISION RECOMMENDATION MEMO
TO: [Decision maker(s)]
FROM: [Analyst / Team]
DATE: [Date]
RE: Recommendation: [Decision topic]
─────────────────────────────────────────────
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:
We recommend [Option X] for [one-sentence rationale].
This option scores highest across our evaluation criteria,
particularly in [top 2 criteria]. Estimated [cost/timeline]:
[key number]. Key risk: [top risk and mitigation].
─────────────────────────────────────────────
BACKGROUND:
[2-3 sentences on why this decision is needed now]
OPTIONS EVALUATED:
A. [Option and one-line description]
B. [Option and one-line description]
C. [Option and one-line description]
EVALUATION CRITERIA AND WEIGHTS:
[Criterion 1] (X%) | [Criterion 2] (X%) | [Criterion 3] (X%)
SCORING SUMMARY:
| Option | Score | Rank | Key Strength | Key Weakness |
|--------|-------|------|----------------------|---------------------|
| A | 3.45 | 2 | [strength] | [weakness] |
| B | 3.85 | 1 | [strength] | [weakness] |
| C | 2.90 | 3 | [strength] | [weakness] |
RECOMMENDATION: Option B
Rationale: [3-5 sentences explaining why, addressing trade-offs]
SENSITIVITY: This recommendation holds under all tested scenarios
except [edge case], which would require [condition].
RISKS AND MITIGATIONS:
1. [Risk]: [Mitigation plan]
2. [Risk]: [Mitigation plan]
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN:
1. [Step, owner, date]
2. [Step, owner, date]
3. [Decision review checkpoint, date]
─────────────────────────────────────────────
APPENDIX: Detailed scoring matrix, sensitivity analysis
供应商评估评分卡
供应商评估模板
VENDOR EVALUATION SCORECARD:
VENDOR: [Company name]
EVALUATED BY: [Names]
DATE: [Date]
PRODUCT/SERVICE: [What you are evaluating]
CATEGORY 1: PRODUCT FIT (30% weight)
| Criterion | Score (1-5) | Notes |
|----------------------------|-------------|----------------------|
| Feature completeness | | |
| Integration capability | | |
| Scalability | | |
| Customization options | | |
| User experience / UI | | |
| Category subtotal | /25 | |
CATEGORY 2: COMMERCIAL (25% weight)
| Criterion | Score (1-5) | Notes |
|----------------------------|-------------|----------------------|
| Total cost of ownership | | |
| Pricing transparency | | |
| Contract flexibility | | |
| Payment terms | | |
| ROI timeline | | |
| Category subtotal | /25 | |
CATEGORY 3: SUPPORT AND SERVICE (20% weight)
| Criterion | Score (1-5) | Notes |
|----------------------------|-------------|----------------------|
| Implementation support | | |
| Training resources | | |
| Ongoing customer support | | |
| SLA commitments | | |
| Account management | | |
| Category subtotal | /25 | |
CATEGORY 4: COMPANY VIABILITY (15% weight)
| Criterion | Score (1-5) | Notes |
|----------------------------|-------------|----------------------|
| Financial stability | | |
| Market position | | |
| Product roadmap | | |
| Customer references | | |
| Industry reputation | | |
| Category subtotal | /25 | |
CATEGORY 5: RISK (10% weight)
| Criterion | Score (1-5) | Notes |
|----------------------------|-------------|----------------------|
| Data security / compliance | | |
| Vendor lock-in risk | | |
| Migration complexity | | |
| Business continuity plan | | |
| Reference check results | | |
| Category subtotal | /25 | |
OVERALL WEIGHTED SCORE: [calculated] / 5.0
RECOMMENDATION: Proceed / Shortlist / Reject
技术选型框架
技术评估标准
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION MATRIX:
FUNCTIONAL FIT:
- [ ] Meets core requirements (pass/fail list)
- [ ] Handles expected scale (users, data, transactions)
- [ ] Integrates with existing stack
- [ ] Supports required platforms/environments
DEVELOPER EXPERIENCE:
- [ ] Documentation quality and completeness
- [ ] Community size and activity (GitHub stars, forums)
- [ ] Learning curve for the team
- [ ] Tooling and IDE support
- [ ] Error messages and debugging experience
OPERATIONAL:
- [ ] Deployment model fits infrastructure
- [ ] Monitoring and observability support
- [ ] Backup and disaster recovery
- [ ] Security track record and patching cadence
STRATEGIC:
- [ ] Aligned with technology direction
- [ ] Vendor/project longevity (not abandonware)
- [ ] Hiring market (can you find people who know it?)
- [ ] Exit strategy (migration path if you switch later)
TOTAL COST:
- [ ] License / subscription fees
- [ ] Infrastructure costs
- [ ] Training and ramp-up time
- [ ] Maintenance and operations
- [ ] Opportunity cost of alternatives
自建还是购买
| 因素 | 自建 | 购买 | 混合方案 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 是核心差异化因素吗？ | 是——自建 | 否——购买 | 定制平台 |
| 团队具备专业知识吗？ | 是 | 否 | 部分具备 |
| 实现价值所需时间 | 数月 | 数周 | 数周至数月 |
| 长期成本 | 较高（维护成本） | 可预测（订阅费） | 混合 |
| 控制权 | 完全 | 有限 | 中等 |
| 风险 | 技术债务 | 供应商依赖 | 两者皆有 |
| 最适用场景 | 独特需求、战略知识产权 | 通用功能 | 80/20 匹配 |
决策反模式
COMMON DECISION MISTAKES:
1. ANALYSIS PARALYSIS
Symptom: Endless evaluation, no decision made
Fix: Set a decision deadline and "good enough" threshold
2. ANCHORING TO FIRST OPTION
Symptom: First option evaluated becomes the default
Fix: Evaluate all options before scoring any
3. CONFIRMATION BIAS
Symptom: Seeking data that supports preferred option
Fix: Assign a devil's advocate for each option
4. SUNK COST FALLACY
Symptom: Sticking with an option because of past investment
Fix: Evaluate options on future value only
5. RECENCY BIAS
Symptom: Overweighting the last demo or reference call
Fix: Standardize evaluation timing and criteria
6. GROUPTHINK
Symptom: Team converges without genuine debate
Fix: Independent scoring before group discussion
7. FEATURE COUNTING
Symptom: Most features = best option (ignoring fit)
Fix: Weight criteria by importance, not count
8. IGNORING STATUS QUO
Symptom: Not comparing options against doing nothing
Fix: Always include "do nothing" as Option D
另请参阅
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