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process-management

process-management

github.com/chaterm云与 DevOps59100 次安装34 周前更新
代码仓库

关于 process-management

面向系统管理员和运维人员的 Linux 进程管理技能指南,涵盖进程检查、信号处理、后台任务、资源限制和常见诊断。

主要功能

  1. 01检查进程和资源使用情况
  2. 02发送信号并终止进程
  3. 03管理后台任务和会话
  4. 04设置资源限制
  5. 05诊断端口占用和进程问题

适用场景

  1. 01查找并停止占用端口的进程
  2. 02监控 CPU 和内存使用
  3. 03排查无响应进程或僵尸进程
  4. 04在持久后台会话中运行任务

安装

复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。

$npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill process-management

安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/process-management确认已加载。

详细介绍

进程管理

概述

Linux 进程查看、信号处理、资源限制及其他管理技能。

进程查看

ps 命令
# Common formats
ps aux                              # All process details
ps -ef                              # Full format
ps -eo pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu       # Custom columns

# Find specific process
ps aux | grep nginx
ps -C nginx                         # By command name

# Process tree
ps auxf
pstree
pstree -p                           # Show PID
top/htop
# top interactive commands
top
# P - Sort by CPU
# M - Sort by memory
# k - Kill process
# q - Quit

# htop (more user-friendly)
htop
其他工具
# Sort by resource
ps aux --sort=-%cpu | head -10      # Highest CPU
ps aux --sort=-%mem | head -10      # Highest memory

# View process details
cat /proc/PID/status
cat /proc/PID/cmdline
ls -la /proc/PID/fd                 # Open file descriptors

信号处理

常见信号
# Signal list
kill -l

# Common signals
# SIGTERM (15) - Graceful termination (default)
# SIGKILL (9)  - Force termination
# SIGHUP (1)   - Reload configuration
# SIGSTOP (19) - Pause process
# SIGCONT (18) - Continue process
kill 命令
# Terminate process
kill PID                            # Send SIGTERM
kill -9 PID                         # Force terminate
kill -HUP PID                       # Reload config

# Terminate by name
pkill nginx
pkill -9 -f "python script.py"

# Terminate all processes of a user
pkill -u username

# killall
killall nginx
killall -9 nginx

后台任务

作业控制
# Run in background
command &
nohup command &                     # Ignore hangup signal
nohup command > output.log 2>&1 &

# Job management
jobs                                # View jobs
fg %1                               # Foreground
bg %1                               # Background
Ctrl+Z                              # Pause current process
screen/tmux
# screen
screen -S session_name              # Create session
screen -ls                          # List sessions
screen -r session_name              # Resume session
Ctrl+A D                            # Detach session

# tmux
tmux new -s session_name
tmux ls
tmux attach -t session_name
Ctrl+B D                            # Detach session

资源限制

ulimit
# View limits
ulimit -a

# Set limits
ulimit -n 65535                     # Max file descriptors
ulimit -u 4096                      # Max processes
ulimit -v unlimited                 # Virtual memory

# Permanent settings /etc/security/limits.conf
# * soft nofile 65535
# * hard nofile 65535
cgroups
# View cgroup
cat /proc/PID/cgroup

# Limit CPU (systemd)
systemctl set-property service.service CPUQuota=50%

# Limit memory
systemctl set-property service.service MemoryLimit=512M

常见场景

场景 1:查找并终止僵尸进程
# Find zombie processes
ps aux | awk '$8=="Z" {print}'

# Find parent process
ps -o ppid= -p ZOMBIE_PID

# Kill parent process
kill -9 PARENT_PID
场景 2:查找占用端口的进程
# Find process using port 80
lsof -i :80
ss -tlnp | grep :80
netstat -tlnp | grep :80

# Kill process
fuser -k 80/tcp
场景 3:监控进程资源
# Real-time monitor single process
top -p PID
watch -n 1 "ps -p PID -o %cpu,%mem,cmd"

# View files opened by process
lsof -p PID

故障排除

问题解决方案
进程无响应使用 strace -p PID 查看系统调用
CPU 占用率 100%使用 top、perf top 分析热点
内存泄漏使用 pmap -x PID、/proc/PID/smaps
僵尸进程查找父进程,重启或终止父进程
进程因 OOM 被终止使用 `dmesg

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