supplier-recommendation

供应商推荐

概述

此技能提供了一套结构化方法，用于在 ServiceNow Sourcing and Procurement Operations 中推荐供应商。它可以帮助你：

• 根据历史交付表现、质量和响应能力评估供应商
• 利用 PO 和谈判数据分析价格竞争力
• 评估合规状态，包括合同条款和监管要求
• 使用记分卡方法，按照加权标准为供应商评分
• 识别地理集中度、财务不稳定和产能限制等风险因素
• 为寻源决策生成排名推荐

适用场景： 采购团队需要为新的寻源活动选择供应商、评估现有供应商关系，或为某个类别建立获批供应商候选名单时。

前提条件

• 角色： sn_procurement.sourcing_manager、sn_procurement.analyst 或 vendor_manager
• 插件： 已激活 com.sn_procurement（Sourcing and Procurement Operations）
• 访问权限： 对 core_company、proc_po、proc_po_item、proc_rec_slip_item、ast_contract、sn_proc_invoice 拥有读取权限
• 知识： 了解所在组织的供应商评估标准和品类管理策略

操作步骤

步骤 1：确定候选供应商

按类别、类型或关键词查询供应商，建立候选名单。

使用 MCP（Claude Code/Desktop）：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: core_company
  query: vendor=true^vendor_type=IT Hardware^ORDERBYname
  fields: sys_id,name,vendor_type,city,state,country,stock_symbol,vendor_rating,phone,contact,notes
  limit: 25

按名称扩大搜索范围：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  query: vendor=true^vendor_type=IT Hardware^country=US^ORDERBYname
  table_name: core_company

使用 REST API：

GET /api/now/table/core_company?sysparm_query=vendor=true^vendor_type=IT Hardware^ORDERBYname&sysparm_fields=sys_id,name,vendor_type,city,state,country,vendor_rating,phone,contact&sysparm_limit=25&sysparm_display_value=true

步骤 2：分析历史交付表现

评估每位候选供应商的 PO 履约情况和准时交付率。

使用 MCP：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: proc_po
  query: vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^ordered_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()^state!=cancelled
  fields: sys_id,number,total_cost,state,ordered_date,expected_delivery,currency
  limit: 100

检查收货及时性：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: proc_rec_slip_item
  query: purchase_order.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^received_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()
  fields: sys_id,purchase_order,po_item,quantity_received,received_date,condition,accepted_quantity,rejected_quantity
  limit: 200

使用 REST API：

# PO history
GET /api/now/table/proc_po?sysparm_query=vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^ordered_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()^state!=cancelled&sysparm_fields=sys_id,number,total_cost,state,ordered_date,expected_delivery&sysparm_limit=100&sysparm_display_value=true

# Receipt history
GET /api/now/table/proc_rec_slip_item?sysparm_query=purchase_order.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^received_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()&sysparm_fields=purchase_order,quantity_received,received_date,condition,accepted_quantity,rejected_quantity&sysparm_limit=200&sysparm_display_value=true

步骤 3：评估价格竞争力

使用 PO 行项目和谈判数据比较供应商的价格。

使用 MCP：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: proc_po_item
  query: purchase_order.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^purchase_order.ordered_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()
  fields: sys_id,item_description,model,part_number,unit_price,quantity,total_cost
  limit: 100

检查寻源活动的投标历史：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: proc_negotiation
  query: vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^submitted_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()
  fields: sys_id,sourcing_event,total_bid_amount,round,overall_score,award_recommendation,state
  limit: 20

使用 REST API：

# Line item pricing
GET /api/now/table/proc_po_item?sysparm_query=purchase_order.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^purchase_order.ordered_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()&sysparm_fields=item_description,model,part_number,unit_price,quantity,total_cost&sysparm_limit=100&sysparm_display_value=true

# Bid history
GET /api/now/table/proc_negotiation?sysparm_query=vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^submitted_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()&sysparm_fields=sourcing_event,total_bid_amount,round,overall_score,award_recommendation,state&sysparm_limit=20&sysparm_display_value=true

步骤 4：检查合规性和合同状态

检查有效合同和合规情况。

使用 MCP：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: ast_contract
  query: vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^ORDERBYDESCends
  fields: sys_id,number,short_description,state,starts,ends,cost,contract_type,renewal,terms_and_conditions
  limit: 10

使用 REST API：

GET /api/now/table/ast_contract?sysparm_query=vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^ORDERBYDESCends&sysparm_fields=sys_id,number,short_description,state,starts,ends,cost,contract_type,renewal,terms_and_conditions&sysparm_limit=10&sysparm_display_value=true

步骤 5：检查发票和付款历史

将发票准确性作为质量指标进行审查。

使用 MCP：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: sn_proc_invoice
  query: vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^sys_created_on>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()
  fields: sys_id,number,invoice_amount,state,match_status,po_number,due_date
  limit: 50

检查是否存在发票异常案例：

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: sn_apo_invoice_case
  query: invoice.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^sys_created_on>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()
  fields: sys_id,number,short_description,category,state,priority
  limit: 20

使用 REST API：

# Invoice history
GET /api/now/table/sn_proc_invoice?sysparm_query=vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^sys_created_on>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()&sysparm_fields=number,invoice_amount,state,match_status,po_number,due_date&sysparm_limit=50&sysparm_display_value=true

# Invoice exceptions
GET /api/now/table/sn_apo_invoice_case?sysparm_query=invoice.vendor=[vendor_sys_id]^sys_created_on>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLast12Months()&sysparm_fields=number,short_description,category,state,priority&sysparm_limit=20&sysparm_display_value=true

步骤 6：建立供应商记分卡

按加权维度计算得分：

=== SUPPLIER SCORECARD ===

SCORING DIMENSIONS:
| Dimension             | Weight | Calculation Method |
|-----------------------|--------|--------------------|
| Delivery Performance  | 25%    | % of POs delivered on or before expected date |
| Quality               | 20%    | Acceptance rate from receiving slips |
| Pricing               | 20%    | Comparison to category average and bid competitiveness |
| Compliance            | 15%    | Active contracts, certifications, regulatory status |
| Invoice Accuracy      | 10%    | % of invoices passing three-way match |
| Responsiveness        | 10%    | Average negotiation turnaround, communication quality |

SCORING FORMULA:
  Total Score = Sum(dimension_score * weight) for all dimensions
  Each dimension scored 0-100

步骤 7：生成推荐报告

生成供应商排名推荐：

=== SUPPLIER RECOMMENDATION ===
Category: IT Hardware | Date: Mar 19, 2026

RANKED SUPPLIERS:

1. TECHSUPPLY INC (Score: 88.5/100) ★ RECOMMENDED
   Delivery: 95% on-time (38/40 POs) .............. 95/100
   Quality: 99.2% acceptance rate .................. 99/100
   Pricing: 3% below category average .............. 82/100
   Compliance: All certs current, contract active ... 90/100
   Invoice Accuracy: 96% match rate ................ 96/100
   Responsiveness: 1.2 day avg response ............ 85/100
   12-Month Spend: $456,000 | Active Contract: Yes (expires Dec 2026)
   Risk: LOW

2. GLOBAL TECH SOLUTIONS (Score: 82.1/100)
   Delivery: 88% on-time (22/25 POs) .............. 88/100
   Quality: 97.5% acceptance rate .................. 97/100
   Pricing: 1% above category average .............. 72/100
   Compliance: ISO 27001 expiring Jun 2026 ......... 75/100
   Invoice Accuracy: 92% match rate ................ 92/100
   Responsiveness: 2.1 day avg response ............ 70/100
   12-Month Spend: $312,000 | Active Contract: Yes (expires Sep 2026)
   Risk: MEDIUM (certification renewal pending)

3. NEXUS TECHNOLOGIES (Score: 74.3/100)
   Delivery: 78% on-time (18/23 POs) .............. 78/100
   Quality: 94.0% acceptance rate .................. 80/100
   Pricing: 5% below category average .............. 90/100
   Compliance: No active contract .................. 60/100
   Invoice Accuracy: 85% match rate ................ 70/100
   Responsiveness: 3.5 day avg response ............ 55/100
   12-Month Spend: $189,000 | Active Contract: No
   Risk: HIGH (delivery concerns, no contract)

工具用法

MCP 工具参考

工具	使用时机
SN-Query-Table	查询供应商、PO、收货记录、发票、合同和投标
SN-Natural-Language-Search	使用自然语言按类别或能力搜索供应商
SN-Get-Record	按 sys_id 获取完整的供应商档案

REST API 参考

端点	方法	用途
/api/now/table/core_company	GET	查询供应商档案
/api/now/table/proc_po	GET	查询各供应商的历史 PO 数据
/api/now/table/proc_po_item	GET	分析行项目价格
/api/now/table/proc_rec_slip_item	GET	获取交付和质量指标
/api/now/table/ast_contract	GET	查询有效合同和合规情况
/api/now/table/sn_proc_invoice	GET	获取发票准确性指标
/api/now/table/sn_apo_invoice_case	GET	查询发票异常历史
/api/now/table/proc_negotiation	GET	获取投标竞争力数据

最佳实践

• 使用一致的时间范围： 对所有供应商采用相同的评估周期（例如，过去 12 个月），确保公平比较
• 按重要性设置权重： 调整评分卡权重，使其符合组织的优先事项（成本导向型还是质量导向型）
• 纳入定性数据： 通过工作备注和案例沟通记录补充量化评分
• 考虑多元化： 跟踪供应商多元化指标；如果政策要求，将其纳入评分维度
• 定期更新： 每季度更新评分卡，以反映近期绩效趋势
• 记录排除原因： 如果排除某个供应商，请记录原因以供审计追踪
• 分层评估风险： 评估单个供应商的风险和供应商组合的集中度风险

故障排除

“供应商没有 PO 历史记录”

原因： 该供应商是新供应商，或仅通过其他采购渠道合作过
解决方案： 检查 core_company 中是否存在该供应商的其他名称；查看可能早于 PO 数据的合同记录

“交付指标似乎不可靠”

原因： PO 上可能未设置预期交付日期，或者收货记录是事后批量录入的
解决方案： 筛选 expected_delivery 不为空的 PO；重点比较收货日期与 PO 预期日期

“评分卡维度没有数据”

原因： 某些维度需要依赖可能并非所有供应商都有数据的表
解决方案： 将数据不足的维度标记为“ N/A”，并按比例调整其余维度的权重

“无法比较不同供应商的价格”

原因： 不同供应商提供的商品不同，难以直接比较价格
解决方案： 对相同或等效商品（型号或 part_number 相同）比较单价，以此进行标准化；使用类别平均值作为基准

示例

示例 1：为新 RFP 选择供应商

场景： 寻源经理需要确定 3 家首选供应商，邀请其参与 IT 硬件 RFP。

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: core_company
  query: vendor=true^vendor_type=IT Hardware^country=US
  fields: sys_id,name,vendor_type,city,state,vendor_rating
  limit: 20

对每家供应商执行步骤 2-5，然后进行评分：

输出：

VENDOR SHORTLIST - IT Hardware RFP

Based on 12-month performance analysis:

INVITE LIST:
1. TechSupply Inc (Score: 88.5) - Preferred vendor, strong track record
2. Global Tech Solutions (Score: 82.1) - Good performance, competitive pricing
3. Dell Technologies (Score: 80.9) - Large catalog, reliable delivery

ALTERNATES:
4. Nexus Technologies (Score: 74.3) - Price competitive but delivery concerns
5. CDW Corporation (Score: 73.8) - Limited history, new relationship

NOT RECOMMENDED:
- QuickParts LLC (Score: 58.2) - 3 invoice disputes, 65% on-time delivery

示例 2：供应商风险评估

场景： 按支出额对排名前 5 的供应商进行季度风险审查。

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: proc_po
  query: ordered_date>=javascript:gs.beginningOfLastQuarter()^state!=cancelled
  fields: vendor,total_cost
  limit: 500

输出：

SUPPLIER RISK ASSESSMENT - Q1 2026

| Vendor           | Q1 Spend  | Concentration | Delivery | Contract | Risk  |
|------------------|-----------|---------------|----------|----------|-------|
| TechSupply Inc   | $456,000  | 28%           | 95%      | Active   | LOW   |
| CloudHost Corp   | $312,000  | 19%           | 92%      | Active   | LOW   |
| Global Parts Ltd | $245,000  | 15%           | 78%      | Expiring | HIGH  |
| Acme Office      | $198,000  | 12%           | 88%      | Active   | MED   |
| SecureTech       | $167,000  | 10%           | 91%      | Active   | LOW   |

ALERTS:
- Global Parts Ltd: Contract expires Apr 15, 2026 - initiate renewal
- Concentration Risk: TechSupply at 28% - consider diversifying
- Global Parts Ltd: 78% on-time delivery trending down from 85% last quarter

示例 3：类别基准报告

场景： 将所有办公用品供应商与类别基准进行比较。

Tool: SN-Query-Table
Parameters:
  table_name: core_company
  query: vendor=true^vendor_type=Office Supplies
  fields: sys_id,name,vendor_rating
  limit: 10

输出：

CATEGORY BENCHMARK - Office Supplies

Category Average Unit Price Index: 100 (baseline)
Category Average Delivery Rate: 85%

| Vendor         | Price Index | Delivery | Quality | Overall | vs Avg |
|----------------|-------------|----------|---------|---------|--------|
| Staples        | 98          | 92%      | 98%     | 82.5    | +8%    |
| Office Depot   | 95          | 88%      | 96%     | 80.1    | +5%    |
| Amazon Bus.    | 88          | 95%      | 94%     | 79.8    | +5%    |
| Regional Sup.  | 105         | 78%      | 92%     | 68.2    | -10%   |

INSIGHT: Amazon Business offers lowest pricing and best delivery but lacks
dedicated account management. Staples leads on quality and responsiveness.

相关技能

• procurement/sourcing-summarization - 寻源活动分析与投标比较
• procurement/purchase-order-summarization - PO 跟踪与交付监控
• procurement/invoice-management - 发票匹配与异常处理
• procurement/procurement-summarization - 采购运营整体概览