Twilio SMS Automation

Twilio 短信自动化

使用 Twilio 自动化短信、语音和验证工作流的综合指南。

核心工作流

1. 短信发送流程

SMS AUTOMATION FLOW:
┌─────────────────┐
│    Trigger      │
│  (Event/API)    │
└────────┬────────┘
         ▼
┌─────────────────┐
│  Message Build  │
│  - Template     │
│  - Personalize  │
└────────┬────────┘
         ▼
┌─────────────────┐
│  Number Lookup  │
│  - Validate     │
│  - Format       │
└────────┬────────┘
         ▼
┌─────────────────┐
│     Send        │
│  - Twilio API   │
│  - Queue        │
└────────┬────────┘
         ▼
┌─────────────────┐
│    Delivery     │
│  - Status       │
│  - Callback     │
└─────────────────┘

2. 消息配置

sms_config:
  sender:
    phone_number: "+1234567890"
    messaging_service_sid: "MG..."  # For higher throughput
    
  defaults:
    status_callback: "https://api.example.com/sms/status"
    validity_period: 14400  # 4 hours
    
  rate_limiting:
    messages_per_second: 10
    daily_limit_per_recipient: 5
    
  compliance:
    opt_out_keywords: ["STOP", "UNSUBSCRIBE", "CANCEL"]
    opt_in_required: true
    quiet_hours:
      start: "21:00"
      end: "09:00"
      timezone: "America/New_York"

消息模板

通知模板

templates:
  order_confirmation:
    content: |
      {{company}}: Your order #{{order_id}} has been confirmed!
      Total: ${{total}}
      Track: {{tracking_url}}
      Reply HELP for assistance.
    max_length: 160
    
  shipping_update:
    content: |
      {{company}}: Your order #{{order_id}} has shipped!
      Carrier: {{carrier}}
      Tracking: {{tracking_number}}
      Delivery: {{estimated_date}}
    
  appointment_reminder:
    content: |
      Reminder: Your appointment with {{provider}} is tomorrow at {{time}}.
      Location: {{address}}
      Reply C to confirm or R to reschedule.
    
  two_factor:
    content: |
      Your {{company}} verification code is: {{code}}
      This code expires in 10 minutes.
      Don't share this code with anyone.

对话模板

two_way_messaging:
  welcome:
    trigger: opt_in
    response: |
      Welcome to {{company}} updates! 
      You'll receive order and shipping notifications.
      Reply HELP for commands or STOP to unsubscribe.
      
  help:
    trigger: ["HELP", "?", "INFO"]
    response: |
      {{company}} SMS Commands:
      STATUS - Check order status
      TRACK - Get tracking info
      SUPPORT - Contact support
      STOP - Unsubscribe
      
  status_inquiry:
    trigger: ["STATUS", "ORDER"]
    action: lookup_order
    response: |
      Order #{{order_id}}: {{status}}
      {{#if tracking}}
      Tracking: {{tracking_url}}
      {{/if}}
      
  unsubscribe:
    trigger: ["STOP", "UNSUBSCRIBE"]
    action: opt_out
    response: |
      You've been unsubscribed from {{company}} messages.
      Reply START to resubscribe anytime.

验证（2FA）

Verify API 集成

verification_config:
  channel: sms  # or: call, email, whatsapp
  
  code_settings:
    length: 6
    expiry_minutes: 10
    
  rate_limits:
    max_attempts: 5
    lockout_minutes: 30
    
  templates:
    sms: "Your {{company}} code is {{code}}"
    call: "Your verification code is {{code_spoken}}"

验证流程

// Start Verification
const verification = await twilio.verify.v2
  .services('VA...')
  .verifications
  .create({
    to: '+1234567890',
    channel: 'sms',
    customCode: '123456', // Optional
    locale: 'en'
  });

// Check Verification
const check = await twilio.verify.v2
  .services('VA...')
  .verificationChecks
  .create({
    to: '+1234567890',
    code: '123456'
  });

// Result
if (check.status === 'approved') {
  // Verification successful
} else {
  // Invalid code
}

语音自动化

外呼

voice_config:
  outbound_call:
    from: "+1234567890"
    twiml_url: "https://api.example.com/voice/script"
    status_callback: "https://api.example.com/voice/status"
    timeout: 30
    record: true
    
  twiml_script: |
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <Response>
      <Say voice="alice">
        Hello {{name}}, this is a reminder about your
        appointment tomorrow at {{time}}.
      </Say>
      <Gather numDigits="1" action="/handle-response">
        <Say>Press 1 to confirm, 2 to reschedule.</Say>
      </Gather>
    </Response>

IVR 菜单

ivr_menu:
  greeting: |
    Thank you for calling {{company}}.
    For sales, press 1.
    For support, press 2.
    For billing, press 3.
    To speak with an operator, press 0.
    
  routing:
    - digit: "1"
      action: transfer
      destination: "+1987654321"
      queue: "sales"
      
    - digit: "2"
      action: transfer
      destination: "+1876543210"
      queue: "support"
      
    - digit: "3"
      action: transfer
      destination: "+1765432109"
      queue: "billing"
      
    - digit: "0"
      action: operator
      fallback: voicemail

批量消息

活动配置

bulk_campaign:
  name: "Holiday Promotion"
  
  audience:
    source: segment
    filter:
      opted_in: true
      last_purchase: "> 30_days"
      
  message:
    template: holiday_promo
    variables:
      discount_code: "HOLIDAY20"
      
  schedule:
    start_time: "2024-11-25T10:00:00"
    timezone: "America/New_York"
    batch_size: 100
    delay_between_batches: 60  # seconds
    
  tracking:
    delivery_report: true
    click_tracking: true
    conversion_tracking: true

广播状态

CAMPAIGN STATUS: Holiday Promotion
═══════════════════════════════════════

Progress: ████████████████░░░░ 78%

DELIVERY STATS:
Sent:        7,800
Delivered:   7,450 (95.5%)
Failed:      125 (1.6%)
Pending:     225 (2.9%)

ENGAGEMENT:
Clicks:      1,245 (16.7%)
Replies:     89 (1.2%)
Opt-outs:    23 (0.3%)

ERRORS:
Invalid Number:  45
Unsubscribed:    52
Carrier Block:   18
Rate Limited:    10

ESTIMATED COMPLETION: 25 minutes

电话号码管理

号码查询

number_lookup:
  capabilities:
    - carrier_info
    - caller_name
    - line_type
    
  validation:
    - check_format
    - verify_active
    - detect_landline_vs_mobile
    
  example_response:
    phone_number: "+14155551234"
    country_code: "US"
    carrier:
      name: "Verizon"
      type: "mobile"
    caller_name: "John Doe"
    valid: true

号码配置

number_management:
  search_criteria:
    country: "US"
    area_code: "415"
    capabilities: ["SMS", "MMS", "Voice"]
    
  purchase:
    phone_number: "+14155559999"
    friendly_name: "Marketing Line"
    sms_url: "https://api.example.com/sms/incoming"
    voice_url: "https://api.example.com/voice/incoming"

分析仪表板

SMS ANALYTICS - LAST 30 DAYS
═══════════════════════════════════════

VOLUME:
Sent:        45,230
Delivered:   43,456 (96.1%)
Failed:      1,774 (3.9%)

BY TYPE:
Notifications  ████████████░░░░ 62%
Marketing      ██████░░░░░░░░░░ 23%
2FA            ████░░░░░░░░░░░░ 15%

DELIVERY BY CARRIER:
Verizon     ████████████████ 97%
AT&T        ███████████████░ 95%
T-Mobile    ██████████████░░ 94%
Sprint      █████████████░░░ 92%

COST:
Total Spend:     $1,245.67
Per Message:     $0.0275
Per Delivered:   $0.0287

ENGAGEMENT:
Link Clicks:     3,456 (7.9%)
Replies:         892 (2.1%)
Opt-outs:        56 (0.1%)

API 示例

发送短信

// Simple SMS
const message = await twilio.messages.create({
  body: 'Hello from Twilio!',
  from: '+1234567890',
  to: '+0987654321',
  statusCallback: 'https://api.example.com/sms/status'
});

// With Messaging Service (recommended for scale)
const message = await twilio.messages.create({
  body: 'Order confirmed!',
  messagingServiceSid: 'MG...',
  to: '+0987654321'
});

// MMS with Media
const mms = await twilio.messages.create({
  body: 'Check out this image!',
  from: '+1234567890',
  to: '+0987654321',
  mediaUrl: ['https://example.com/image.jpg']
});

处理收到的短信

// Express webhook handler
app.post('/sms/incoming', (req, res) => {
  const { From, Body } = req.body;
  
  const twiml = new twilio.twiml.MessagingResponse();
  
  if (Body.toUpperCase() === 'STATUS') {
    twiml.message('Your order is on the way!');
  } else {
    twiml.message('Thanks for your message. We\'ll respond shortly.');
  }
  
  res.type('text/xml');
  res.send(twiml.toString());
});

最佳实践

1. 获取同意：发送消息前务必获得用户主动同意
2. 提供退订方式：在每条消息中包含 STOP 关键字
3. 尊重免打扰时段：不要在深夜发送消息
4. 验证号码：发送前使用 Lookup API
5. 处理失败：针对暂时性错误设置重试逻辑
6. 监控送达情况：按运营商跟踪送达率
7. 遵守规范：遵循 TCPA/CTIA 指南
8. 使用模板：采用一致且经过测试的消息