appwrite-ruby

Appwrite Ruby SDK

安装

gem install appwrite

设置客户端

require 'appwrite'

include Appwrite

client = Client.new
    .set_endpoint('https://<REGION>.cloud.appwrite.io/v1')
    .set_project(ENV['APPWRITE_PROJECT_ID'])
    .set_key(ENV['APPWRITE_API_KEY'])

代码示例

用户管理

users = Users.new(client)

# Create user
user = users.create(user_id: ID.unique, email: '[email protected]', password: 'password123', name: 'User Name')

# List users
list = users.list(queries: [Query.limit(25)])

# Get user
fetched = users.get(user_id: '[USER_ID]')

# Delete user
users.delete(user_id: '[USER_ID]')

数据库操作

注意： 所有新代码都应使用 TablesDB（而不是已弃用的 Databases 类）。仅当现有代码库已依赖 Databases，或用户明确要求时，才使用 Databases。

提示： SDK 方法调用应优先使用关键字参数（例如 database_id: '...'）。仅当现有代码库已使用位置参数，或用户明确要求时，才使用位置参数。

tables_db = TablesDB.new(client)

# Create database
db = tables_db.create(database_id: ID.unique, name: 'My Database')

# Create row
doc = tables_db.create_row(
    database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]',
    table_id: '[TABLE_ID]',
    row_id: ID.unique,
    data: { title: 'Hello World' }
)

# Query rows
results = tables_db.list_rows(
    database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]',
    table_id: '[TABLE_ID]',
    queries: [Query.equal('title', 'Hello World'), Query.limit(10)]
)

# Get row
row = tables_db.get_row(database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]', table_id: '[TABLE_ID]', row_id: '[ROW_ID]')

# Update row
tables_db.update_row(
    database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]',
    table_id: '[TABLE_ID]',
    row_id: '[ROW_ID]',
    data: { title: 'Updated' }
)

# Delete row
tables_db.delete_row(database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]', table_id: '[TABLE_ID]', row_id: '[ROW_ID]')

字符串列类型

注意： 旧版 string 类型已弃用。所有新列都应使用明确的列类型。

类型	最大字符数	索引	存储
varchar	16,383	完整索引（如果大小 ≤ 768）	行内
text	16,383	仅前缀	页外
mediumtext	4,194,303	仅前缀	页外
longtext	1,073,741,823	仅前缀	页外

• varchar 存储在行内，并计入 64 KB 的行大小限制。适合名称、slug 或标识符等较短且需要建立索引的字段。
• text、mediumtext 和 longtext 存储在页外（行内仅保留一个 20 字节的指针），因此不会占用行大小额度。这些类型不需要 size。

# Create table with explicit string column types
tables_db.create_table(
    database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]',
    table_id: ID.unique,
    name: 'articles',
    columns: [
        { key: 'title',    type: 'varchar',    size: 255, required: true  },  # inline, fully indexable
        { key: 'summary',  type: 'text',                  required: false },  # off-page, prefix index only
        { key: 'body',     type: 'mediumtext',            required: false },  # up to ~4 M chars
        { key: 'raw_data', type: 'longtext',              required: false },  # up to ~1 B chars
    ]
)

查询方法

# Filtering
Query.equal('field', 'value')             # == (or pass array for IN)
Query.not_equal('field', 'value')         # !=
Query.less_than('field', 100)             # <
Query.less_than_equal('field', 100)       # <=
Query.greater_than('field', 100)          # >
Query.greater_than_equal('field', 100)    # >=
Query.between('field', 1, 100)            # 1 <= field <= 100
Query.is_null('field')                    # is null
Query.is_not_null('field')                # is not null
Query.starts_with('field', 'prefix')      # starts with
Query.ends_with('field', 'suffix')        # ends with
Query.contains('field', 'sub')            # contains
Query.search('field', 'keywords')         # full-text search (requires index)

# Sorting
Query.order_asc('field')
Query.order_desc('field')

# Pagination
Query.limit(25)                           # max rows (default 25, max 100)
Query.offset(0)                           # skip N rows
Query.cursor_after('[ROW_ID]')            # cursor pagination (preferred)
Query.cursor_before('[ROW_ID]')

# Selection & Logic
Query.select(['field1', 'field2'])        # return only specified fields
Query.or([Query.equal('a', 1), Query.equal('b', 2)])   # OR
Query.and([Query.greater_than('age', 18), Query.less_than('age', 65)])  # AND (default)
Query.relationship('comments', [Query.equal('approved', true), Query.limit(25)])  # related documents

# Aggregations (optional alias)
Query.count('*', 'total')
Query.sum('amount', 'revenue')
Query.avg('score', 'avg_score')
Query.min('price', 'min_price')
Query.max('price', 'max_price')

# Grouping
Query.group_by(['status', 'year'])
Query.having([Query.greater_than('total', 1)])
Query.distinct

# Joins (table id, left key, right key, operator, alias)
Query.join('orders', '$id', 'customerId')
Query.left_join('orders', '$id', 'customerId', '=', 'ord')
Query.left_join('orders', 'ord', [
    Query.on('$id', 'customerId'),
    Query.equal('ord.status', 'paid'),
])

# Fluent builder. Pass build() into list methods.
queries = Query.builder
    .equal('status', 'published')
    .left_join('orders', '$id', 'customerId', '=', 'ord')
    .count('*', 'total')
    .group_by(['status'])
    .limit(25)
    .build

tables_db.list_rows(database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]', table_id: '[TABLE_ID]', queries: queries)

文件存储

storage = Storage.new(client)

# Upload file
file = storage.create_file(bucket_id: '[BUCKET_ID]', file_id: ID.unique, file: InputFile.from_path('/path/to/file.png'))

# List files
files = storage.list_files(bucket_id: '[BUCKET_ID]')

# Delete file
storage.delete_file(bucket_id: '[BUCKET_ID]', file_id: '[FILE_ID]')

InputFile 工厂方法

InputFile.from_path('/path/to/file.png')             # from filesystem path
InputFile.from_string('Hello world', 'hello.txt')    # from string content

团队

teams = Teams.new(client)

# Create team
team = teams.create(team_id: ID.unique, name: 'Engineering')

# List teams
list = teams.list

# Create membership (invite user by email)
membership = teams.create_membership(
    team_id: '[TEAM_ID]',
    roles: ['editor'],
    email: '[email protected]'
)

# List memberships
members = teams.list_memberships(team_id: '[TEAM_ID]')

# Update membership roles
teams.update_membership(team_id: '[TEAM_ID]', membership_id: '[MEMBERSHIP_ID]', roles: ['admin'])

# Delete team
teams.delete(team_id: '[TEAM_ID]')

基于角色的访问： 设置权限时，对所有团队成员使用 Role.team('[TEAM_ID]')，对特定团队角色使用 Role.team('[TEAM_ID]', 'editor')。

无服务器函数

functions = Functions.new(client)

# Execute function
execution = functions.create_execution(function_id: '[FUNCTION_ID]', body: '{"key": "value"}')

# List executions
executions = functions.list_executions(function_id: '[FUNCTION_ID]')

编写函数处理程序（Ruby 运行时）

# src/main.rb — Appwrite Function entry point
def main(context)
    # context.req.body         — raw body (String)
    # context.req.body_json    — parsed JSON (Hash or nil)
    # context.req.headers      — headers (Hash)
    # context.req.method       — HTTP method
    # context.req.path         — URL path
    # context.req.query        — query params (Hash)

    context.log("Processing: #{context.req.method} #{context.req.path}")

    if context.req.method == 'GET'
        return context.res.json({ message: 'Hello from Appwrite Function!' })
    end

    context.res.json({ success: true })          # JSON
    # context.res.text('Hello')                  # plain text
    # context.res.empty                          # 204
    # context.res.redirect('https://...')         # 302
end

服务器端渲染（SSR）身份验证

使用 Ruby 框架（Rails、Sinatra 等）的 SSR 应用通过服务端 SDK处理身份验证。你需要两个客户端：

• 管理员客户端 — 使用 API 密钥创建会话并绕过速率限制（可复用的单例）
• 会话客户端 — 使用会话 Cookie 代表用户执行操作（每个请求创建一个，切勿共享）

require 'appwrite'
include Appwrite

# Admin client (reusable)
admin_client = Client.new
    .set_endpoint('https://<REGION>.cloud.appwrite.io/v1')
    .set_project('[PROJECT_ID]')
    .set_key(ENV['APPWRITE_API_KEY'])

# Session client (create per-request)
session_client = Client.new
    .set_endpoint('https://<REGION>.cloud.appwrite.io/v1')
    .set_project('[PROJECT_ID]')

session = cookies['a_session_[PROJECT_ID]']
session_client.set_session(session) if session

电子邮件/密码登录（Sinatra）

post '/login' do
    account = Account.new(admin_client)
    session = account.create_email_password_session(
        email: params[:email],
        password: params[:password]
    )

    # Cookie name must be a_session_<PROJECT_ID>
    response.set_cookie('a_session_[PROJECT_ID]', {
        value: session.secret,
        httponly: true,
        secure: true,
        same_site: :strict,
        path: '/',
    })

    content_type :json
    { success: true }.to_json
end

已验证的请求

get '/user' do
    session = request.cookies['a_session_[PROJECT_ID]']
    halt 401, { error: 'Unauthorized' }.to_json unless session

    session_client = Client.new
        .set_endpoint('https://<REGION>.cloud.appwrite.io/v1')
        .set_project('[PROJECT_ID]')
        .set_session(session)

    account = Account.new(session_client)
    user = account.get

    content_type :json
    user.to_json
end

OAuth2 SSR 流程

# Step 1: Redirect to OAuth provider
get '/oauth' do
    account = Account.new(admin_client)
    redirect_url = account.create_o_auth2_token(
        provider: OAuthProvider::GITHUB,
        success: 'https://example.com/oauth/success',
        failure: 'https://example.com/oauth/failure'
    )
    redirect redirect_url
end

# Step 2: Handle callback — exchange token for session
get '/oauth/success' do
    account = Account.new(admin_client)
    session = account.create_session(
        user_id: params[:userId],
        secret: params[:secret]
    )

    response.set_cookie('a_session_[PROJECT_ID]', {
        value: session.secret,
        httponly: true, secure: true, same_site: :strict, path: '/',
    })

    content_type :json
    { success: true }.to_json
end

Cookie 安全： 始终使用 httponly、secure 和 same_site: :strict 来防止 XSS。Cookie 名称必须为 a_session_<PROJECT_ID>。

转发用户代理： 调用 session_client.set_forwarded_user_agent(request.user_agent)，记录最终用户的浏览器信息，以便调试和保障安全。

错误处理

require 'appwrite'
include Appwrite

begin
    row = tables_db.get_row(database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]', table_id: '[TABLE_ID]', row_id: '[ROW_ID]')
rescue Appwrite::Exception => e
    puts e.message    # human-readable message
    puts e.code       # HTTP status code (Integer)
    puts e.type       # error type (e.g. 'document_not_found')
    puts e.response   # full response body (Hash)
end

常见错误代码：

代码	含义
401	未授权 — 缺少或无效的会话/API 密钥
403	禁止访问 — 权限不足
404	未找到 — 资源不存在
409	冲突 — ID 重复或违反唯一性约束
429	请求过多 — 请求频率超出限制

权限与角色（重要）

Appwrite 使用权限字符串控制对资源的访问。每项权限将一个操作（read、update、delete、create，或授予创建、更新和删除权限的 write）与一个角色目标配对。默认情况下，除非在行/文件级别明确设置权限，或从表/存储桶设置继承权限，否则任何用户都无权访问。权限是使用 Permission 和 Role 辅助工具构建的字符串数组。

# Permission and Role are included in the main require
require 'appwrite'
include Appwrite

带权限的数据库行

doc = tables_db.create_row(
    database_id: '[DATABASE_ID]',
    table_id: '[TABLE_ID]',
    row_id: ID.unique,
    data: { title: 'Hello World' },
    permissions: [
        Permission.read(Role.user('[USER_ID]')),     # specific user can read
        Permission.update(Role.user('[USER_ID]')),   # specific user can update
        Permission.read(Role.team('[TEAM_ID]')),     # all team members can read
        Permission.read(Role.any),                   # anyone (including guests) can read
    ]
)

具有权限的文件上传

file = storage.create_file(
    bucket_id: '[BUCKET_ID]',
    file_id: ID.unique,
    file: InputFile.from_path('/path/to/file.png'),
    permissions: [
        Permission.read(Role.any),
        Permission.update(Role.user('[USER_ID]')),
        Permission.delete(Role.user('[USER_ID]')),
    ]
)

何时设置权限： 需要对每项资源进行访问控制时，请设置行级／文件级权限。如果表中的所有行都遵循相同的规则，请在表／存储桶级别配置权限，并将行权限留空。

常见错误：

• 忘记设置权限 — 资源将对所有用户（包括创建者）不可访问
• 将 Role.any 与 write／update／delete 搭配使用 — 允许任何用户（包括未经身份验证的访客）修改或删除资源
• 对敏感数据使用 Permission.read(Role.any) — 资源将公开可读