azure-eventgrid-java

Azure Event Grid SDK for Java

使用 Azure Event Grid SDK for Java 构建事件驱动型应用程序。

安装

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
    <artifactId>azure-messaging-eventgrid</artifactId>
    <version>4.27.0</version>
</dependency>

创建客户端

EventGridPublisherClient

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherClient;
import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherClientBuilder;
import com.azure.core.credential.AzureKeyCredential;

// With API Key
EventGridPublisherClient<EventGridEvent> client = new EventGridPublisherClientBuilder()
    .endpoint("<topic-endpoint>")
    .credential(new AzureKeyCredential("<access-key>"))
    .buildEventGridEventPublisherClient();

// For CloudEvents
EventGridPublisherClient<CloudEvent> cloudClient = new EventGridPublisherClientBuilder()
    .endpoint("<topic-endpoint>")
    .credential(new AzureKeyCredential("<access-key>"))
    .buildCloudEventPublisherClient();

使用 DefaultAzureCredential

import com.azure.identity.DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder;

EventGridPublisherClient<EventGridEvent> client = new EventGridPublisherClientBuilder()
    .endpoint("<topic-endpoint>")
    .credential(new DefaultAzureCredentialBuilder().build())
    .buildEventGridEventPublisherClient();

异步客户端

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherAsyncClient;

EventGridPublisherAsyncClient<EventGridEvent> asyncClient = new EventGridPublisherClientBuilder()
    .endpoint("<topic-endpoint>")
    .credential(new AzureKeyCredential("<access-key>"))
    .buildEventGridEventPublisherAsyncClient();

事件类型

类型	描述
EventGridEvent	Azure Event Grid 原生架构
CloudEvent	CNCF CloudEvents 1.0 规范
BinaryData	自定义架构事件

核心模式

发布 EventGridEvent

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridEvent;
import com.azure.core.util.BinaryData;

EventGridEvent event = new EventGridEvent(
    "resource/path",           // subject
    "MyApp.Events.OrderCreated", // eventType
    BinaryData.fromObject(new OrderData("order-123", 99.99)), // data
    "1.0"                      // dataVersion
);

client.sendEvent(event);

发布多个事件

List<EventGridEvent> events = Arrays.asList(
    new EventGridEvent("orders/1", "Order.Created", 
        BinaryData.fromObject(order1), "1.0"),
    new EventGridEvent("orders/2", "Order.Created", 
        BinaryData.fromObject(order2), "1.0")
);

client.sendEvents(events);

发布 CloudEvent

import com.azure.core.models.CloudEvent;
import com.azure.core.models.CloudEventDataFormat;

CloudEvent cloudEvent = new CloudEvent(
    "/myapp/orders",           // source
    "order.created",           // type
    BinaryData.fromObject(orderData), // data
    CloudEventDataFormat.JSON  // dataFormat
);
cloudEvent.setSubject("orders/12345");
cloudEvent.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());

cloudClient.sendEvent(cloudEvent);

批量发布 CloudEvents

List<CloudEvent> cloudEvents = Arrays.asList(
    new CloudEvent("/app", "event.type1", BinaryData.fromString("data1"), CloudEventDataFormat.JSON),
    new CloudEvent("/app", "event.type2", BinaryData.fromString("data2"), CloudEventDataFormat.JSON)
);

cloudClient.sendEvents(cloudEvents);

异步发布

asyncClient.sendEvent(event)
    .subscribe(
        unused -> System.out.println("Event sent successfully"),
        error -> System.err.println("Error: " + error.getMessage())
    );

// With multiple events
asyncClient.sendEvents(events)
    .doOnSuccess(unused -> System.out.println("All events sent"))
    .doOnError(error -> System.err.println("Failed: " + error))
    .block(); // Block if needed

自定义事件数据类

public class OrderData {
    private String orderId;
    private double amount;
    private String customerId;
    
    public OrderData(String orderId, double amount) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    
    // Getters and setters
}

// Usage
OrderData order = new OrderData("ORD-123", 150.00);
EventGridEvent event = new EventGridEvent(
    "orders/" + order.getOrderId(),
    "MyApp.Order.Created",
    BinaryData.fromObject(order),
    "1.0"
);

接收事件

解析 EventGridEvent

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridEvent;

// From JSON string (e.g., webhook payload)
String jsonPayload = "[{\"id\": \"...\", ...}]";
List<EventGridEvent> events = EventGridEvent.fromString(jsonPayload);

for (EventGridEvent event : events) {
    System.out.println("Event Type: " + event.getEventType());
    System.out.println("Subject: " + event.getSubject());
    System.out.println("Event Time: " + event.getEventTime());
    
    // Get data
    BinaryData data = event.getData();
    OrderData orderData = data.toObject(OrderData.class);
}

解析 CloudEvent

import com.azure.core.models.CloudEvent;

String cloudEventJson = "[{\"specversion\": \"1.0\", ...}]";
List<CloudEvent> cloudEvents = CloudEvent.fromString(cloudEventJson);

for (CloudEvent event : cloudEvents) {
    System.out.println("Type: " + event.getType());
    System.out.println("Source: " + event.getSource());
    System.out.println("ID: " + event.getId());
    
    MyEventData data = event.getData().toObject(MyEventData.class);
}

处理系统事件

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.systemevents.*;

for (EventGridEvent event : events) {
    if (event.getEventType().equals("Microsoft.Storage.BlobCreated")) {
        StorageBlobCreatedEventData blobData = 
            event.getData().toObject(StorageBlobCreatedEventData.class);
        System.out.println("Blob URL: " + blobData.getUrl());
    }
}

Event Grid 命名空间（MQTT/拉取）

从命名空间主题接收

import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.namespaces.EventGridReceiverClient;
import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.namespaces.EventGridReceiverClientBuilder;
import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.namespaces.models.*;

EventGridReceiverClient receiverClient = new EventGridReceiverClientBuilder()
    .endpoint("<namespace-endpoint>")
    .credential(new AzureKeyCredential("<key>"))
    .topicName("my-topic")
    .subscriptionName("my-subscription")
    .buildClient();

// Receive events
ReceiveResult result = receiverClient.receive(10, Duration.ofSeconds(30));

for (ReceiveDetails detail : result.getValue()) {
    CloudEvent event = detail.getEvent();
    System.out.println("Event: " + event.getType());
    
    // Acknowledge the event
    receiverClient.acknowledge(Arrays.asList(detail.getBrokerProperties().getLockToken()));
}

拒绝或释放事件

// Reject (don't retry)
receiverClient.reject(Arrays.asList(lockToken));

// Release (retry later)
receiverClient.release(Arrays.asList(lockToken));

// Release with delay
receiverClient.release(Arrays.asList(lockToken), 
    new ReleaseOptions().setDelay(ReleaseDelay.BY_60_SECONDS));

错误处理

import com.azure.core.exception.HttpResponseException;

try {
    client.sendEvent(event);
} catch (HttpResponseException e) {
    System.out.println("Status: " + e.getResponse().getStatusCode());
    System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}

环境变量

EVENT_GRID_TOPIC_ENDPOINT=https://<topic-name>.<region>.eventgrid.azure.net/api/events
EVENT_GRID_ACCESS_KEY=<your-access-key>

最佳实践

1. 批量事件：尽可能在一次调用中发送多个事件
2. 幂等性：包含唯一的事件 ID 以便去重
3. 架构验证：使用强类型的事件数据类
4. 重试逻辑：内置支持，但请考虑为失败事件配置死信
5. 事件大小：保持事件小于 1MB（基本层为 64KB）

触发短语

• "Event Grid Java"
• "publish events Azure"
• "CloudEvent SDK"
• "event-driven messaging"
• "pub/sub Azure"
• "webhook events"

何时使用

本技能适用于执行概述中描述的工作流或操作。

限制

• 仅当任务明确符合上述范围时，才使用本技能。
• 请勿将输出视为针对特定环境的验证、测试或专家评审的替代品。
• 如果缺少必要的输入、权限、安全边界或成功标准，请停止并请求澄清。