behave-skill

Behave BDD 技能

核心模式

Feature 文件（features/login.feature）

Feature: User Login
  As a registered user
  I want to log into the application

  Background:
    Given I am on the login page

  Scenario: Successful login
    When I enter "[email protected]" as email
    And I enter "password123" as password
    And I click login
    Then I should see the dashboard
    And the welcome message should say "Welcome"

  Scenario: Invalid credentials
    When I enter "[email protected]" as email
    And I enter "wrong" as password
    And I click login
    Then I should see error "Invalid credentials"

  Scenario Outline: Login with various users
    When I enter "<email>" as email
    And I enter "<password>" as password
    And I click login
    Then I should see "<result>"

    Examples:
      | email          | password | result    |
      | [email protected] | admin123 | Dashboard |
      | [email protected]   | wrong    | Error     |

步骤定义（features/steps/login_steps.py）

from behave import given, when, then
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

@given('I am on the login page')
def step_on_login(context):
    context.browser.get(context.base_url + '/login')

@when('I enter "{text}" as email')
def step_enter_email(context, text):
    el = context.browser.find_element(By.ID, 'email')
    el.clear()
    el.send_keys(text)

@when('I enter "{text}" as password')
def step_enter_password(context, text):
    el = context.browser.find_element(By.ID, 'password')
    el.clear()
    el.send_keys(text)

@when('I click login')
def step_click_login(context):
    context.browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'button[type="submit"]').click()

@then('I should see the dashboard')
def step_see_dashboard(context):
    WebDriverWait(context.browser, 10).until(
        EC.url_contains('/dashboard')
    )
    assert '/dashboard' in context.browser.current_url

@then('I should see error "{msg}"')
def step_see_error(context, msg):
    error = WebDriverWait(context.browser, 5).until(
        EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.error'))
    )
    assert msg in error.text

环境钩子（features/environment.py）

from selenium import webdriver

def before_all(context):
    context.base_url = 'http://localhost:3000'

def before_scenario(context, scenario):
    context.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
    context.browser.implicitly_wait(10)

def after_scenario(context, scenario):
    if scenario.status == 'failed':
        context.browser.save_screenshot(f'screenshots/{scenario.name}.png')
    context.browser.quit()

标签

@smoke
Feature: Login
  @critical
  Scenario: ...

behave --tags=@smoke
behave --tags="@smoke and not @slow"

安装：pip install behave selenium

运行：behave 或 behave features/login.feature

在 TestMu AI 上进行云端执行

设置环境变量：LT_USERNAME、LT_ACCESS_KEY

# environment.py
from selenium import webdriver
import os

def before_scenario(context, scenario):
    lt_options = {
        "user": os.environ["LT_USERNAME"],
        "accessKey": os.environ["LT_ACCESS_KEY"],
        "build": "Behave Build",
        "name": scenario.name,
        "platformName": "Windows 11",
        "video": True,
        "console": True,
        "network": True,
    }
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    options.set_capability("LT:Options", lt_options)
    context.driver = webdriver.Remote(
        command_executor=f"https://{os.environ['LT_USERNAME']}:{os.environ['LT_ACCESS_KEY']}@hub.lambdatest.com/wd/hub",
        options=options,
    )

报告：behave --format json -o report.json

深入模式

请参阅 reference/playbook.md，了解适用于生产环境的模式：

章节	内容
§1 项目设置	behave.ini、项目结构、依赖项
§2 Feature 文件	使用 Scenario Outline、数据表和 Background 的 Gherkin
§3 步骤定义	类型注册、API 步骤、使用 PyHamcrest 的通用步骤
§4 环境钩子	before_all/scenario/feature、失败时截图、数据库隔离
§5 页面对象	包含等待机制的 BasePage、LoginPage、可复用组件
§6 固件与测试数据	DatabaseHelper、事务回滚、JSON 数据加载器
§7 LambdaTest 集成	远程浏览器创建、云端功能配置
§8 CI/CD 集成	使用 Postgres、Selenium 和 Allure 报告的 GitHub Actions
§9 调试表	12 个常见问题及其原因和修复方法
§10 最佳实践	包含 14 项的 BDD 测试清单