conan-vcpkg

Conan 和 vcpkg

用途

指导 Agent 使用 Conan 和 vcpkg 管理 C/C++ 依赖：声明依赖、与 CMake 集成、管理二进制兼容性，以及为特定项目选择合适的工具。

触发条件

• “如何使用 Conan 添加 C++ 库依赖？”
• “如何在 CMake 中使用 vcpkg？”
• “Conan 和 vcpkg 有什么区别？”
• “如何使用包管理器添加 zlib/openssl/fmt？”
• “如何创建 vcpkg.json 清单？”
• “我的 Conan 包构建失败了——如何调试？”

工作流

1. 选择 Conan 还是 vcpkg

Which package manager?
├── Team uses MSVC on Windows primarily → vcpkg (better MSVC integration)
├── Need binary packages (no source builds in CI) → Conan (binary cache)
├── Need cross-compilation support → Conan (profiles) or Zig-based builds
├── Need a specific version of a package → Conan (flexible versioning)
├── Quick project setup, just need it to work → vcpkg (simpler)
└── Open-source project, broad audience → vcpkg (GitHub-integrated)

2. 配置 vcpkg

# Clone vcpkg
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
./vcpkg/bootstrap-vcpkg.sh    # Linux/macOS
./vcpkg/bootstrap-vcpkg.bat   # Windows

# Install packages (classic mode)
./vcpkg/vcpkg install zlib curl openssl

# Integrate with CMake
cmake -S . -B build \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/path/to/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake

3. vcpkg 清单模式（推荐）

// vcpkg.json — place at project root
{
    "name": "myapp",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "dependencies": [
        "zlib",
        "curl",
        { "name": "openssl", "version>=": "3.0.0" },
        { "name": "boost-filesystem", "platform": "!windows" },
        {
            "name": "fmt",
            "features": ["core"]
        }
    ],
    "builtin-baseline": "abc123..."
}

# CMakeLists.txt
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
project(myapp)

find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
find_package(fmt REQUIRED)

add_executable(myapp src/main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE ZLIB::ZLIB CURL::libcurl fmt::fmt)

# Build — vcpkg automatically installs dependencies
cmake -S . -B build \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=/path/to/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake
cmake --build build

4. 配置 Conan

# Install Conan
pip install conan

# Set up default profile (detects compiler, OS)
conan profile detect

# Check your profile
conan profile show

5. 将 Conan 与 CMake 配合使用（Conan 2.x）

# conanfile.txt
[requires]
zlib/1.3
fmt/10.2.1
openssl/3.2.0

[generators]
CMakeDeps
CMakeToolchain

[options]
openssl/*:shared=False

# Install dependencies
conan install . --output-folder=build --build=missing

# Configure and build
cmake -S . -B build \
    -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=build/conan_toolchain.cmake \
    -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
cmake --build build

# CMakeLists.txt
find_package(ZLIB REQUIRED)
find_package(fmt REQUIRED)
find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)

add_executable(myapp src/main.cpp)
target_link_libraries(myapp PRIVATE
    ZLIB::ZLIB
    fmt::fmt
    OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto
)

6. 用于交叉编译的 Conan 配置文件

# ~/.conan2/profiles/linux-arm64
[settings]
os=Linux
arch=armv8
compiler=gcc
compiler.version=12
compiler.libcxx=libstdc++11
build_type=Release

[buildenv]
CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
CXX=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++

[tool_requires]
# Tools that run on build machine (x86)

# Cross-compile
conan install . \
    --profile:build=default \
    --profile:host=linux-arm64 \
    --output-folder=build-arm \
    --build=missing

7. conanfile.py（高级）

# conanfile.py
from conan import ConanFile
from conan.tools.cmake import CMakeToolchain, CMakeDeps, CMake

class MyAppConan(ConanFile):
    name = "myapp"
    version = "1.0"
    settings = "os", "compiler", "build_type", "arch"

    def requirements(self):
        self.requires("zlib/1.3")
        self.requires("fmt/10.2.1")
        if self.settings.os == "Linux":
            self.requires("openssl/3.2.0")

    def generate(self):
        tc = CMakeToolchain(self)
        tc.generate()
        deps = CMakeDeps(self)
        deps.generate()

    def build(self):
        cmake = CMake(self)
        cmake.configure()
        cmake.build()

8. 常见依赖查询

库	vcpkg 名称	Conan 名称
zlib	zlib	zlib/1.3
OpenSSL	openssl	openssl/3.2.0
libcurl	curl	libcurl/8.4.0
{fmt}	fmt	fmt/10.2.1
spdlog	spdlog	spdlog/1.12.0
Boost	boost	boost/1.83.0
nlohmann-json	nlohmann-json	nlohmann_json/3.11.3
googletest	gtest	gtest/1.14.0
Google Benchmark	benchmark	benchmark/1.8.3
SQLite	sqlite3	sqlite3/3.44.0
protobuf	protobuf	protobuf/4.25.1

有关 vcpkg 基线固定和 Conan 二进制缓存配置，请参阅 references/package-manager-patterns.md。

相关技能

• 使用 skills/build-systems/cmake 了解 Conan 和 vcpkg 的 CMake 集成
• 使用 skills/compilers/cross-gcc 了解如何使用 Conan 配置文件进行交叉编译
• 使用 skills/build-systems/ninja 作为包管理项目的后端