关于 convex-backend
convex-backend 是一项使用 Convex 构建类型安全后端的技能,适合开发实时响应式应用的开发者。内容涵盖查询、写入、操作、定时函数、身份验证与部署。
主要功能
- 01类型安全的架构与服务端函数
- 02响应式实时查询
- 03写入操作与外部 API 调用
- 04定时函数与 Cron 任务
- 05身份验证与文件存储
- 06React 客户端及部署指南
适用场景
- 01构建协作聊天和仪表盘
- 02跟踪 AI 状态与流式结果
- 03使用托管数据和函数快速原型开发
安装
复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。
$
npx skills add https:/ / github.com/ bagelhole/ devops-security-agent-skills --skill convex-backend安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/convex-backend确认已加载。
详细介绍
Convex 后端
使用 Convex 构建类型安全的后端逻辑,并实现实时数据同步。
何时使用此技能
在以下情况下使用此技能:
- 构建实时协作应用(聊天、仪表板、多人游戏)
- 需要无需管理基础设施的后端
- 希望使用支持自动缓存的类型安全服务端函数
- 构建需要响应式数据的 AI 应用(Agent 状态、流式结果)
- 使用托管数据库和函数快速构建原型
前提条件
- Node.js 18+
- npm 或 pnpm
- Convex 账号(免费套餐:每月 1M 次函数调用)
快速开始
# Initialize Convex in an existing project
npm install convex
npx convex dev # Start local development (syncs with cloud)
# In a new project
npm create convex@latest
架构定义
// convex/schema.ts
import { defineSchema, defineTable } from "convex/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
export default defineSchema({
users: defineTable({
name: v.string(),
email: v.string(),
role: v.union(v.literal("admin"), v.literal("member")),
avatarUrl: v.optional(v.string()),
createdAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_email", ["email"])
.index("by_role", ["role"]),
messages: defineTable({
userId: v.id("users"),
channelId: v.id("channels"),
body: v.string(),
attachments: v.optional(v.array(v.string())),
createdAt: v.number(),
})
.index("by_channel", ["channelId", "createdAt"])
.index("by_user", ["userId"]),
channels: defineTable({
name: v.string(),
description: v.optional(v.string()),
isPrivate: v.boolean(),
}),
});
查询(实时读取)
// convex/messages.ts
import { query } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
export const listByChannel = query({
args: {
channelId: v.id("channels"),
limit: v.optional(v.number()),
},
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const messages = await ctx.db
.query("messages")
.withIndex("by_channel", (q) => q.eq("channelId", args.channelId))
.order("desc")
.take(args.limit ?? 50);
// Resolve user data for each message
return Promise.all(
messages.map(async (msg) => {
const user = await ctx.db.get(msg.userId);
return { ...msg, user: user ? { name: user.name, avatarUrl: user.avatarUrl } : null };
})
);
},
});
修改(写入)
// convex/messages.ts
import { mutation } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
export const send = mutation({
args: {
channelId: v.id("channels"),
body: v.string(),
},
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
const identity = await ctx.auth.getUserIdentity();
if (!identity) throw new Error("Not authenticated");
// Find or create user
const user = await ctx.db
.query("users")
.withIndex("by_email", (q) => q.eq("email", identity.email!))
.unique();
if (!user) throw new Error("User not found");
return await ctx.db.insert("messages", {
userId: user._id,
channelId: args.channelId,
body: args.body,
createdAt: Date.now(),
});
},
});
操作(外部 API、AI)
// convex/ai.ts
import { action } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
import { api } from "./_generated/api";
export const generateResponse = action({
args: { prompt: v.string(), channelId: v.id("channels") },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
// Call external AI API
const response = await fetch("https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"x-api-key": process.env.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY!,
"anthropic-version": "2023-06-01",
},
body: JSON.stringify({
model: "claude-sonnet-4-6",
max_tokens: 1024,
messages: [{ role: "user", content: args.prompt }],
}),
});
const data = await response.json();
const aiMessage = data.content[0].text;
// Save AI response as a message via mutation
await ctx.runMutation(api.messages.send, {
channelId: args.channelId,
body: aiMessage,
});
return aiMessage;
},
});
定时函数(Cron 作业)
// convex/crons.ts
import { cronJobs } from "convex/server";
import { internal } from "./_generated/api";
const crons = cronJobs();
// Run every hour
crons.interval("cleanup old messages", { hours: 1 }, internal.maintenance.cleanupOldMessages);
// Run daily at midnight UTC
crons.cron("daily report", "0 0 * * *", internal.reports.generateDailyReport);
export default crons;
身份验证集成
// convex/auth.config.ts
export default {
providers: [
{
domain: process.env.AUTH_DOMAIN,
applicationID: "convex",
},
],
};
// React client setup
import { ConvexProviderWithClerk } from "convex/react-clerk";
import { ClerkProvider, useAuth } from "@clerk/clerk-react";
function App() {
return (
<ClerkProvider publishableKey={CLERK_KEY}>
<ConvexProviderWithClerk client={convex} useAuth={useAuth}>
<MyApp />
</ConvexProviderWithClerk>
</ClerkProvider>
);
}
React 客户端用法
// src/components/Chat.tsx
import { useQuery, useMutation } from "convex/react";
import { api } from "../convex/_generated/api";
export function Chat({ channelId }: { channelId: string }) {
// Real-time query — auto-updates when data changes
const messages = useQuery(api.messages.listByChannel, { channelId });
const sendMessage = useMutation(api.messages.send);
const handleSend = async (body: string) => {
await sendMessage({ channelId, body });
};
if (messages === undefined) return <div>Loading...</div>;
return (
<div>
{messages.map((msg) => (
<div key={msg._id}>
<strong>{msg.user?.name}</strong>: {msg.body}
</div>
))}
</div>
);
}
部署
# Deploy to production
npx convex deploy
# Deploy with environment variables
npx convex deploy --env-file .env.production
# Set environment variables
npx convex env set ANTHROPIC_API_KEY sk-ant-...
npx convex env list
# View logs
npx convex logs
npx convex logs --follow
# Run a function manually
npx convex run messages:listByChannel '{"channelId": "abc123"}'
文件存储
// convex/files.ts
import { mutation, query } from "./_generated/server";
import { v } from "convex/values";
export const generateUploadUrl = mutation(async (ctx) => {
return await ctx.storage.generateUploadUrl();
});
export const getFileUrl = query({
args: { storageId: v.id("_storage") },
handler: async (ctx, args) => {
return await ctx.storage.getUrl(args.storageId);
},
});
最佳实践
- 在编写函数之前定义架构和验证规则
- 尽可能确保修改操作具备幂等性
- 在每个受限查询/修改操作中检查身份验证信息
- 尽早为读取频繁的集合添加索引
- 使用
internal函数处理仅限服务端的逻辑(Cron 作业、Webhook) - 将密钥存储在 Convex 环境变量中,切勿写入代码
- 在 React 客户端中使用乐观更新,立即反馈 UI 变化
故障排除
| 问题 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|
| 函数超时 | 操作的时限为 10 分钟;将任务拆分为更小的步骤 |
| 查询速度太慢 | 添加与查询模式匹配的数据库索引 |
| 类型错误 | 运行 npx convex dev 以重新生成类型 |
| 身份验证不起作用 | 检查 auth.config.ts 和提供方域名 |
| 部署失败 | 检查 npx convex logs,确认已设置环境变量 |
相关技能
- firebase-app-platform — 托管后端的替代方案
- vercel-deployments — 前端托管
- agent-observability — 为 AI 驱动的后端工作流添加监控
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