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elasticsearch

elasticsearch

github.com/chaterm数据与数据库5956 次安装34 周前更新
代码仓库

关于 elasticsearch

面向 Elasticsearch 管理与运维的技能，涵盖集群状态、索引和文档操作、查询 DSL 及故障排查，并提供可参考的 curl 命令示例。

主要功能

  1. 01检查集群健康与状态
  2. 02创建和调整索引
  3. 03执行文档 CRUD 操作
  4. 04编写查询与聚合 DSL
  5. 05快照备份与恢复
  6. 06排查集群和查询问题

适用场景

  1. 01检查集群健康及分片分配
  2. 02创建索引并调整设置
  3. 03重建索引或迁移分片
  4. 04定位慢查询和资源问题

安装

复制下面的命令，在终端中运行。

$npx skills add https://github.com/chaterm/terminal-skills --skill elasticsearch

安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/elasticsearch确认已加载。

详细介绍

来自项目 README

Elasticsearch 集群管理

概述

Elasticsearch 索引管理、查询 DSL、集群运维等技能。

集群管理

集群状态
# 集群健康
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty"

# 集群状态
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/state?pretty"

# 集群统计
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty"

# 节点信息
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/stats?pretty"

# 分片分配
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/allocation?v"
Cat API
# 常用 cat 命令
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/health?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/nodes?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/shards?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/segments?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/count?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/recovery?v"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cat/thread_pool?v"

索引管理

索引操作
# 创建索引
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "title": { "type": "text" },
      "content": { "type": "text" },
      "timestamp": { "type": "date" },
      "status": { "type": "keyword" }
    }
  }
}'

# 删除索引
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index"

# 查看索引
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping?pretty"
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings?pretty"

# 索引别名
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_aliases" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "actions": [
    { "add": { "index": "my_index_v2", "alias": "my_index" } },
    { "remove": { "index": "my_index_v1", "alias": "my_index" } }
  ]
}'
索引设置
# 修改设置
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index": {
    "number_of_replicas": 2
  }
}'

# 关闭/打开索引
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_close"
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_open"

# 刷新索引
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_refresh"

# 强制合并
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_forcemerge?max_num_segments=1"

文档操作

CRUD
# 创建文档
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "title": "Hello World",
  "content": "This is a test document",
  "timestamp": "2024-01-15T10:00:00"
}'

# 指定 ID 创建
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "title": "Document 1"
}'

# 获取文档
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1?pretty"

# 更新文档
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/my_index/_update/1" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "doc": {
    "title": "Updated Title"
  }
}'

# 删除文档
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/my_index/_doc/1"

# 批量操作
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_bulk" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"1"}}
{"title":"Doc 1"}
{"index":{"_index":"my_index","_id":"2"}}
{"title":"Doc 2"}
'

查询 DSL

基础查询
# 匹配所有
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} }
}'

# 全文搜索
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "match": {
      "content": "search text"
    }
  }
}'

# 精确匹配
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "term": {
      "status": "published"
    }
  }
}'

# 范围查询
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "range": {
      "timestamp": {
        "gte": "2024-01-01",
        "lte": "2024-01-31"
      }
    }
  }
}'
复合查询
# Bool 查询
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "must": [
        { "match": { "title": "elasticsearch" } }
      ],
      "filter": [
        { "term": { "status": "published" } },
        { "range": { "timestamp": { "gte": "2024-01-01" } } }
      ],
      "should": [
        { "match": { "content": "tutorial" } }
      ],
      "must_not": [
        { "term": { "status": "draft" } }
      ]
    }
  }
}'
聚合查询
# 聚合
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/my_index/_search?pretty" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "status_count": {
      "terms": { "field": "status" }
    },
    "avg_score": {
      "avg": { "field": "score" }
    },
    "date_histogram": {
      "date_histogram": {
        "field": "timestamp",
        "calendar_interval": "day"
      }
    }
  }
}'

备份与恢复

# 注册快照仓库
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "type": "fs",
  "settings": {
    "location": "/backup/elasticsearch"
  }
}'

# 创建快照
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1?wait_for_completion=true"

# 查看快照
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/_all?pretty"

# 恢复快照
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1/_restore" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "indices": "my_index",
  "rename_pattern": "(.+)",
  "rename_replacement": "restored_$1"
}'

# 删除快照
curl -X DELETE "localhost:9200/_snapshot/my_backup/snapshot_1"

常见场景

场景 1：重建索引
# Reindex
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "source": { "index": "old_index" },
  "dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'

# 带查询条件
curl -X POST "localhost:9200/_reindex" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "source": {
    "index": "old_index",
    "query": { "term": { "status": "active" } }
  },
  "dest": { "index": "new_index" }
}'
场景 2：分片迁移
# 排除节点
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "transient": {
    "cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": "node_to_remove"
  }
}'

# 取消排除
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/_cluster/settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "transient": {
    "cluster.routing.allocation.exclude._name": null
  }
}'
场景 3：性能优化
# 禁用刷新（批量导入时）
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index": { "refresh_interval": "-1" }
}'

# 恢复刷新
curl -X PUT "localhost:9200/my_index/_settings" -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d'
{
  "index": { "refresh_interval": "1s" }
}'

故障排查

问题排查方法
集群 RED_cluster/health, _cat/shards
分片未分配_cluster/allocation/explain
查询慢_nodes/hot_threads, Profile API
磁盘满_cat/allocation, 清理旧索引
内存不足_nodes/stats, 调整 JVM
# 分片未分配原因
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_cluster/allocation/explain?pretty"

# 热点线程
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_nodes/hot_threads"

# 任务列表
curl -X GET "localhost:9200/_tasks?detailed=true&actions=*search"

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