framer-motion-animator

Framer Motion 动画

使用 Framer Motion 的声明式 API，打造令人愉悦的动画和交互效果。

核心工作流

1. 确定动画需求：进入、退出、悬停、手势
2. 选择动画类型：简单动画、变体、手势、布局
3. 定义运动值：不透明度、缩放、位置、旋转
4. 添加过渡效果：时长、缓动、弹簧物理效果
5. 编排动画序列：交错、延迟、父子关系
6. 优化性能：使用 GPU 加速属性

安装

npm install framer-motion

基础动画

简单动画

import { motion } from 'framer-motion';

// Animate on mount
export function FadeIn({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
      transition={{ duration: 0.5 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

// Animate on hover
export function ScaleOnHover({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      whileHover={{ scale: 1.05 }}
      whileTap={{ scale: 0.95 }}
      transition={{ type: 'spring', stiffness: 400, damping: 17 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

使用 AnimatePresence 实现退出动画

import { motion, AnimatePresence } from 'framer-motion';

export function Modal({ isOpen, onClose, children }: ModalProps) {
  return (
    <AnimatePresence>
      {isOpen && (
        <>
          {/* Backdrop */}
          <motion.div
            initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
            animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
            exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
            onClick={onClose}
            className="fixed inset-0 bg-black/50 z-40"
          />

          {/* Modal */}
          <motion.div
            initial={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.95, y: 20 }}
            animate={{ opacity: 1, scale: 1, y: 0 }}
            exit={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.95, y: 20 }}
            transition={{ type: 'spring', damping: 25, stiffness: 300 }}
            className="fixed inset-0 z-50 flex items-center justify-center"
          >
            <div className="bg-white rounded-xl p-6 max-w-md w-full">
              {children}
            </div>
          </motion.div>
        </>
      )}
    </AnimatePresence>
  );
}

变体模式

子元素交错动画

const containerVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: {
    opacity: 1,
    transition: {
      staggerChildren: 0.1,
      delayChildren: 0.2,
    },
  },
};

const itemVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
  visible: {
    opacity: 1,
    y: 0,
    transition: { type: 'spring', stiffness: 300, damping: 24 },
  },
};

export function StaggeredList({ items }: { items: string[] }) {
  return (
    <motion.ul
      variants={containerVariants}
      initial="hidden"
      animate="visible"
    >
      {items.map((item, index) => (
        <motion.li key={index} variants={itemVariants}>
          {item}
        </motion.li>
      ))}
    </motion.ul>
  );
}

交互式变体

const buttonVariants = {
  initial: { scale: 1 },
  hover: { scale: 1.05 },
  tap: { scale: 0.95 },
  disabled: { opacity: 0.5, scale: 1 },
};

export function AnimatedButton({
  children,
  disabled,
  onClick,
}: ButtonProps) {
  return (
    <motion.button
      variants={buttonVariants}
      initial="initial"
      whileHover={disabled ? 'disabled' : 'hover'}
      whileTap={disabled ? 'disabled' : 'tap'}
      animate={disabled ? 'disabled' : 'initial'}
      onClick={onClick}
      disabled={disabled}
      className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-500 text-white rounded-lg"
    >
      {children}
    </motion.button>
  );
}

页面过渡

Next.js App Router

// app/template.tsx
'use client';

import { motion } from 'framer-motion';

export default function Template({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
      transition={{ duration: 0.3 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

共享布局动画

import { motion, LayoutGroup } from 'framer-motion';

export function Tabs({ tabs, activeTab, onTabChange }: TabsProps) {
  return (
    <LayoutGroup>
      <div className="flex gap-2">
        {tabs.map((tab) => (
          <button
            key={tab.id}
            onClick={() => onTabChange(tab.id)}
            className="relative px-4 py-2"
          >
            {activeTab === tab.id && (
              <motion.div
                layoutId="activeTab"
                className="absolute inset-0 bg-blue-500 rounded-lg"
                transition={{ type: 'spring', stiffness: 500, damping: 30 }}
              />
            )}
            <span className="relative z-10">{tab.label}</span>
          </button>
        ))}
      </div>
    </LayoutGroup>
  );
}

手势动画

拖动

export function DraggableCard() {
  return (
    <motion.div
      drag
      dragConstraints={{ left: -100, right: 100, top: -100, bottom: 100 }}
      dragElastic={0.2}
      dragTransition={{ bounceStiffness: 600, bounceDamping: 20 }}
      whileDrag={{ scale: 1.1, cursor: 'grabbing' }}
      className="w-32 h-32 bg-blue-500 rounded-lg cursor-grab"
    />
  );
}

滑动关闭

export function SwipeToDelete({ onDelete, children }: SwipeProps) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      drag="x"
      dragConstraints={{ left: 0, right: 0 }}
      onDragEnd={(_, info) => {
        if (info.offset.x < -100) {
          onDelete();
        }
      }}
      className="relative"
    >
      {children}
      <motion.div
        className="absolute right-0 inset-y-0 bg-red-500 flex items-center px-4"
        style={{ opacity: 0 }}
        animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
      >
        Delete
      </motion.div>
    </motion.div>
  );
}

滚动动画

滚动触发

import { motion, useInView } from 'framer-motion';
import { useRef } from 'react';

export function FadeInWhenVisible({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const ref = useRef(null);
  const isInView = useInView(ref, { once: true, margin: '-100px' });

  return (
    <motion.div
      ref={ref}
      initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 50 }}
      animate={isInView ? { opacity: 1, y: 0 } : { opacity: 0, y: 50 }}
      transition={{ duration: 0.6, ease: 'easeOut' }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

滚动进度

import { motion, useScroll, useTransform } from 'framer-motion';

export function ParallaxHero() {
  const { scrollY } = useScroll();
  const y = useTransform(scrollY, [0, 500], [0, 150]);
  const opacity = useTransform(scrollY, [0, 300], [1, 0]);

  return (
    <motion.div
      style={{ y, opacity }}
      className="h-screen flex items-center justify-center"
    >
      <h1 className="text-6xl font-bold">Parallax Hero</h1>
    </motion.div>
  );
}

export function ScrollProgress() {
  const { scrollYProgress } = useScroll();

  return (
    <motion.div
      style={{ scaleX: scrollYProgress }}
      className="fixed top-0 left-0 right-0 h-1 bg-blue-500 origin-left z-50"
    />
  );
}

动画 Hooks

useAnimate（命令式）

import { useAnimate } from 'framer-motion';

export function SubmitButton() {
  const [scope, animate] = useAnimate();

  const handleClick = async () => {
    // Sequence of animations
    await animate(scope.current, { scale: 0.95 }, { duration: 0.1 });
    await animate(scope.current, { scale: 1 }, { type: 'spring' });

    // Success animation
    await animate(
      scope.current,
      { backgroundColor: '#22c55e' },
      { duration: 0.2 }
    );
  };

  return (
    <motion.button ref={scope} onClick={handleClick} className="px-4 py-2">
      Submit
    </motion.button>
  );
}

useMotionValue 与 useTransform

import { motion, useMotionValue, useTransform } from 'framer-motion';

export function RotatingCard() {
  const x = useMotionValue(0);
  const rotateY = useTransform(x, [-200, 200], [-45, 45]);
  const opacity = useTransform(x, [-200, 0, 200], [0.5, 1, 0.5]);

  return (
    <motion.div
      drag="x"
      dragConstraints={{ left: -200, right: 200 }}
      style={{ x, rotateY, opacity }}
      className="w-64 h-96 bg-gradient-to-br from-purple-500 to-pink-500 rounded-xl"
    />
  );
}

可复用动画组件

AnimatedContainer

// components/AnimatedContainer.tsx
import { motion, Variants } from 'framer-motion';

const animations: Record<string, Variants> = {
  fadeIn: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0 },
    visible: { opacity: 1 },
  },
  fadeInUp: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
    visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0 },
  },
  fadeInDown: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, y: -20 },
    visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0 },
  },
  scaleIn: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, scale: 0.8 },
    visible: { opacity: 1, scale: 1 },
  },
  slideInLeft: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, x: -50 },
    visible: { opacity: 1, x: 0 },
  },
  slideInRight: {
    hidden: { opacity: 0, x: 50 },
    visible: { opacity: 1, x: 0 },
  },
};

interface AnimatedContainerProps {
  children: React.ReactNode;
  animation?: keyof typeof animations;
  delay?: number;
  duration?: number;
  className?: string;
}

export function AnimatedContainer({
  children,
  animation = 'fadeInUp',
  delay = 0,
  duration = 0.5,
  className,
}: AnimatedContainerProps) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      variants={animations[animation]}
      initial="hidden"
      animate="visible"
      transition={{ duration, delay, ease: 'easeOut' }}
      className={className}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

AnimatedList

// components/AnimatedList.tsx
import { motion } from 'framer-motion';

const containerVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: {
    opacity: 1,
    transition: {
      staggerChildren: 0.05,
    },
  },
};

const itemVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0, x: -20 },
  visible: { opacity: 1, x: 0 },
};

interface AnimatedListProps<T> {
  items: T[];
  renderItem: (item: T, index: number) => React.ReactNode;
  keyExtractor: (item: T, index: number) => string;
  className?: string;
}

export function AnimatedList<T>({
  items,
  renderItem,
  keyExtractor,
  className,
}: AnimatedListProps<T>) {
  return (
    <motion.ul
      variants={containerVariants}
      initial="hidden"
      animate="visible"
      className={className}
    >
      {items.map((item, index) => (
        <motion.li key={keyExtractor(item, index)} variants={itemVariants}>
          {renderItem(item, index)}
        </motion.li>
      ))}
    </motion.ul>
  );
}

过渡预设

// lib/transitions.ts
export const transitions = {
  spring: {
    type: 'spring',
    stiffness: 300,
    damping: 24,
  },
  springBouncy: {
    type: 'spring',
    stiffness: 500,
    damping: 15,
  },
  springStiff: {
    type: 'spring',
    stiffness: 700,
    damping: 30,
  },
  smooth: {
    type: 'tween',
    duration: 0.3,
    ease: 'easeInOut',
  },
  snappy: {
    type: 'tween',
    duration: 0.15,
    ease: [0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1],
  },
} as const;

// Usage
<motion.div transition={transitions.spring} />

支持减少动态效果

import { useReducedMotion } from 'framer-motion';

export function AccessibleAnimation({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const shouldReduceMotion = useReducedMotion();

  return (
    <motion.div
      initial={{ opacity: 0, y: shouldReduceMotion ? 0 : 20 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
      transition={{ duration: shouldReduceMotion ? 0 : 0.5 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

最佳实践

1. 使用 GPU 加速属性：opacity、transform（不要使用 width、height）
2. 添加 layout 实现平滑调整大小：自动执行布局动画
3. 使用 AnimatePresence：实现退出动画
4. 优先使用弹簧效果：比 UI 中的补间动画更自然
5. 尊重减少动态效果设置：使用 useReducedMotion hook
6. 避免动画引发布局抖动：不要对 top、left、width 做动画
7. 使用 layoutId：实现共享元素过渡
8. 让子元素交错播放：用于列表动画

输出检查清单

每个动画实现都应包含：

• 合适的动画类型（简单动画、变体、手势）
• 使用恰当缓动效果的平滑过渡
• 使用 AnimatePresence 实现退出动画
• 支持减少动态效果
• 仅使用 GPU 加速属性
• 使用弹簧物理效果，呈现自然观感
• 列表中的子元素交错播放
• 在低端设备上测试性能