java-maven-helper

Java Maven 依赖与构建助手技能

提供 Maven 构建系统、依赖管理和 Java 项目配置方面的协助。

说明

你是 Maven 和 Java 生态系统专家。收到调用后：

1. Maven 项目管理：

   • 初始化并配置 Maven 项目
   • 管理 pom.xml 配置
   • 处理项目结构与组织
   • 配置多模块项目
   • 使用 Maven 原型

2. 依赖管理：

   • 添加、更新和移除依赖
   • 管理依赖作用域
   • 处理版本冲突
   • 使用依赖管理部分
   • 使用 BOM（物料清单）

3. 构建配置：

   • 配置插件和目标
   • 设置构建配置文件
   • 管理构建生命周期
   • 配置属性和资源
   • 处理过滤和资源处理

4. 故障排查：

   • 修复依赖解析错误
   • 调试构建失败
   • 解决插件冲突
   • 清理损坏的仓库
   • 处理版本冲突

5. 最佳实践：提供 Maven 项目组织、依赖管理和构建优化方面的指导

Maven 基础知识

项目初始化

# Create from archetype (interactive)
mvn archetype:generate

# Create quickstart project (non-interactive)
mvn archetype:generate \
  -DgroupId=com.example \
  -DartifactId=my-app \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \
  -DarchetypeVersion=1.4 \
  -DinteractiveMode=false

# Create web application
mvn archetype:generate \
  -DgroupId=com.example \
  -DartifactId=my-webapp \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp \
  -DinteractiveMode=false

# Create Spring Boot application
mvn archetype:generate \
  -DgroupId=com.example \
  -DartifactId=my-spring-app \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \
  -DinteractiveMode=false

基本命令

# Clean build artifacts
mvn clean

# Compile project
mvn compile

# Run tests
mvn test

# Package (create JAR/WAR)
mvn package

# Install to local repository
mvn install

# Deploy to remote repository
mvn deploy

# Skip tests
mvn package -DskipTests

# Run specific test
mvn test -Dtest=MyTest

# Show dependency tree
mvn dependency:tree

# Show effective POM
mvn help:effective-pom

# Run project (with exec plugin)
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.Main"

使用示例

@java-maven-helper
@java-maven-helper --init-project
@java-maven-helper --add-dependency
@java-maven-helper --fix-dependencies
@java-maven-helper --multi-module
@java-maven-helper --troubleshoot

pom.xml 配置

完整示例

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>my-application</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    
    <name>My Application</name>
    <description>A sample Maven project</description>
    <url>https://github.com/user/my-application</url>
    <inceptionYear>2024</inceptionYear>

    
    <organization>
        <name>Example Corp</name>
        <url>https://example.com</url>
    </organization>

    
    <licenses>
        <license>
            <name>Apache License, Version 2.0</name>
            <url>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
            <distribution>repo</distribution>
        </license>
    </licenses>

    
    <developers>
        <developer>
            <id>dev1</id>
            <name>Developer Name</name>
            <email>[email protected]</email>
            <organization>Example Corp</organization>
            <roles>
                <role>developer</role>
            </roles>
        </developer>
    </developers>

    
    <scm>
        <connection>scm:git:git://github.com/user/my-application.git</connection>
        <developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://github.com/user/my-application.git</developerConnection>
        <url>https://github.com/user/my-application</url>
        <tag>HEAD</tag>
    </scm>

    
    <properties>
        
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        
        <spring.boot.version>3.2.0</spring.boot.version>
        <junit.version>5.10.1</junit.version>
        <lombok.version>1.18.30</lombok.version>
        <slf4j.version>2.0.9</slf4j.version>

        
        <maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.11.0</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
        <maven.surefire.plugin.version>3.2.2</maven.surefire.plugin.version>
    </properties>

    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    
    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>${lombok.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    
    <build>
        
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>

        
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>

        
        <plugins>
            
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
                    <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.surefire.plugin.version}</version>
            </plugin>

            
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.boot.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>development</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>dev</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>production</id>
            <properties>
                <spring.profiles.active>prod</spring.profiles.active>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <name>Maven Central</name>
            <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
</project>

依赖作用域

<dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
        <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
        <version>3.14.0</version>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>4.0.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.33</version>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>custom-lib</artifactId>
        <version>1.0</version>
        <scope>system</scope>
        <systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/custom-lib.jar</systemPath>
    </dependency>

    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

项目结构

标准 Maven 布局

my-app/
├── pom.xml
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   ├── java/
│   │   │   └── com/
│   │   │       └── example/
│   │   │           ├── Main.java
│   │   │           ├── model/
│   │   │           ├── service/
│   │   │           └── repository/
│   │   ├── resources/
│   │   │   ├── application.properties
│   │   │   ├── logback.xml
│   │   │   └── db/
│   │   │       └── migration/
│   │   └── webapp/  (for web apps)
│   │       ├── WEB-INF/
│   │       │   └── web.xml
│   │       └── index.html
│   └── test/
│       ├── java/
│       │   └── com/
│       │       └── example/
│       │           └── MainTest.java
│       └── resources/
│           └── test.properties
├── target/  (generated, git-ignored)
└── .gitignore

多模块项目

parent-project/
├── pom.xml (parent)
├── module-core/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/
├── module-api/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/
├── module-web/
│   ├── pom.xml
│   └── src/
└── module-cli/
    ├── pom.xml
    └── src/

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>module-core</module>
        <module>module-api</module>
        <module>module-web</module>
        <module>module-cli</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.example</groupId>
        <artifactId>parent-project</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>module-core</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

依赖管理

添加依赖

# Manually add to pom.xml
# Or search on https://mvnrepository.com

# Dependency format:
# <groupId>:<artifactId>:<version>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
    <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
    <version>32.1.3-jre</version>
</dependency>

依赖分析

# Show dependency tree
mvn dependency:tree

# Show dependency tree for specific artifact
mvn dependency:tree -Dincludes=com.google.guava:guava

# Analyze dependencies
mvn dependency:analyze

# List dependencies
mvn dependency:list

# Show updates available
mvn versions:display-dependency-updates

# Show plugin updates
mvn versions:display-plugin-updates

# Purge local repository
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

版本管理

<properties>
    <spring.version>5.3.31</spring.version>
    <junit.version>5.10.1</junit.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>


<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.0</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>


<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

排除传递依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>some-library</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

插件配置

常用插件

编译器插件

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.11.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <source>17</source>
        <target>17</target>
        <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        <compilerArgs>
            <arg>-parameters</arg>
            <arg>-Xlint:unchecked</arg>
        </compilerArgs>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Surefire 插件（单元测试）

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.2</version>
    <configuration>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*Test.java</include>
            <include>**/*Tests.java</include>
        </includes>
        <argLine>-Xmx1024m</argLine>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Failsafe 插件（集成测试）

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.2</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>integration-test</goal>
                <goal>verify</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

JAR 插件

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.3.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                <mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

Assembly 插件（Fat JAR）

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <descriptorRefs>
            <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
        </descriptorRefs>
        <archive>
            <manifest>
                <mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
            </manifest>
        </archive>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>make-assembly</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>single</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Shade 插件（Uber JAR）

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.5.1</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <transformers>
                    <transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
                        <mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
                    </transformer>
                </transformers>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

Exec 插件

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
    <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.1</version>
    <configuration>
        <mainClass>com.example.Main</mainClass>
    </configuration>
</plugin>

# Run with exec plugin
mvn exec:java
mvn exec:java -Dexec.mainClass="com.example.Main"
mvn exec:java -Dexec.args="arg1 arg2"

构建配置文件

配置文件设置

<profiles>
    
    <profile>
        <id>dev</id>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <env>development</env>
            <database.url>jdbc:h2:mem:testdb</database.url>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
                <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>

    
    <profile>
        <id>prod</id>
        <properties>
            <env>production</env>
            <database.url>jdbc:postgresql://prod-db:5432/app</database.url>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
                <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <debug>false</debug>
                        <optimize>true</optimize>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>

    
    <profile>
        <id>test</id>
        <properties>
            <env>test</env>
        </properties>
    </profile>
</profiles>

# Activate profile
mvn clean install -Pprod

# Activate multiple profiles
mvn clean install -Pdev,integration-tests

# List active profiles
mvn help:active-profiles

# Show profile-specific settings
mvn help:effective-pom -Pprod

常见问题与解决方案

问题：找不到依赖

# Error: Could not find artifact

# Solution 1: Check repository configuration
mvn dependency:tree

# Solution 2: Update Maven metadata
mvn -U clean install  # -U forces update

# Solution 3: Clear local repository
rm -rf ~/.m2/repository/com/example/problematic-artifact
mvn clean install

# Solution 4: Check network/proxy settings
# Add to ~/.m2/settings.xml

<settings>
    <proxies>
        <proxy>
            <id>example-proxy</id>
            <active>true</active>
            <protocol>http</protocol>
            <host>proxy.example.com</host>
            <port>8080</port>
        </proxy>
    </proxies>
</settings>

问题：版本冲突

# Show dependency conflicts
mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose

# Analyze dependency conflicts
mvn dependency:analyze-duplicate

# Solution: Use dependencyManagement

<dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
            <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
            <version>32.1.3-jre</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>

问题：仓库损坏

# Clean local repository
mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

# Or manually remove
rm -rf ~/.m2/repository

# Rebuild
mvn clean install

问题：内存不足

# Increase Maven memory
export MAVEN_OPTS="-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"

# Or set in .mavenrc
echo "MAVEN_OPTS='-Xmx2048m'" > ~/.mavenrc

# For Windows (setenv.bat)
set MAVEN_OPTS=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m

问题：构建缓慢

# Use parallel builds
mvn -T 4 clean install  # 4 threads
mvn -T 1C clean install # 1 thread per CPU core

# Skip tests
mvn clean install -DskipTests

# Offline mode (use local repository only)
mvn -o clean install

# Use incremental builds
mvn clean install -amd  # Also make dependents

settings.xml 配置

本地仓库和镜像

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
          http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">

    
    <localRepository>${user.home}/.m2/repository</localRepository>

    
    <mirrors>
        <mirror>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <name>Nexus Repository</name>
            <url>https://nexus.example.com/repository/maven-public/</url>
            <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
        </mirror>
    </mirrors>

    
    <servers>
        <server>
            <id>nexus-releases</id>
            <username>deployment</username>
            <password>password123</password>
        </server>
    </servers>

    
    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>nexus</id>
            <repositories>
                <repository>
                    <id>central</id>
                    <url>https://nexus.example.com/repository/maven-public/</url>
                    <releases><enabled>true</enabled></releases>
                    <snapshots><enabled>true</enabled></snapshots>
                </repository>
            </repositories>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>nexus</activeProfile>
    </activeProfiles>
</settings>

测试配置

JUnit 5

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
        <version>5.10.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
        <version>5.7.0</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
        <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
        <version>3.24.2</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

代码覆盖率（JaCoCo）

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
    <artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>0.8.11</version>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <goals>
                <goal>prepare-agent</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>report</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>report</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
        <execution>
            <id>check</id>
            <goals>
                <goal>check</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
                <rules>
                    <rule>
                        <element>PACKAGE</element>
                        <limits>
                            <limit>
                                <counter>LINE</counter>
                                <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                                <minimum>0.80</minimum>
                            </limit>
                        </limits>
                    </rule>
                </rules>
            </configuration>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

# Generate coverage report
mvn clean test jacoco:report

# View report at target/site/jacoco/index.html

CI/CD 配置

GitHub Actions

name: Maven Build

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4

    - name: Set up JDK 17
      uses: actions/setup-java@v4
      with:
        java-version: '17'
        distribution: 'temurin'
        cache: 'maven'

    - name: Build with Maven
      run: mvn clean install -B

    - name: Run tests
      run: mvn test

    - name: Generate coverage report
      run: mvn jacoco:report

    - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
      uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
      with:
        files: ./target/site/jacoco/jacoco.xml

GitLab CI

image: maven:3.9-eclipse-temurin-17

variables:
  MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=$CI_PROJECT_DIR/.m2/repository"

cache:
  paths:
    - .m2/repository

stages:
  - build
  - test
  - package

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - mvn compile

test:
  stage: test
  script:
    - mvn test
    - mvn jacoco:report
  artifacts:
    reports:
      junit:
        - target/surefire-reports/TEST-*.xml
    paths:
      - target/site/jacoco

package:
  stage: package
  script:
    - mvn package -DskipTests
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - target/*.jar

最佳实践摘要

项目组织

• 遵循标准 Maven 目录布局
• 大型项目使用多模块结构
• 保持 pom.xml 简洁有序
• 使用属性管理版本
• 记录自定义配置

依赖管理

• 使用 dependencyManagement 控制版本
• 框架依赖优先使用 BOM
• 尽量减少依赖
• 定期更新依赖
• 使用合适的作用域
• 排除不必要的传递依赖

构建配置

• 为不同环境使用构建配置文件
• 正确配置插件
• 使用合适的打包类型
• 明确设置 Java 版本
• 尽可能启用并行构建

测试

• 分离单元测试和集成测试
• 使用 JaCoCo 进行代码覆盖率分析
• 设置覆盖率阈值
• 在 CI/CD 流水线中运行测试
• 使用合适的测试框架

性能

• 使用并行构建（-T）
• 尽可能启用离线模式
• 使用 Maven 仓库管理器（Nexus/Artifactory）
• 配置合适的内存设置
• 在 CI/CD 中缓存依赖

快速参考命令

# Project lifecycle
mvn clean                    # Clean build artifacts
mvn compile                  # Compile source code
mvn test                     # Run tests
mvn package                  # Create JAR/WAR
mvn install                  # Install to local repo
mvn deploy                   # Deploy to remote repo

# Dependency management
mvn dependency:tree          # Show dependency tree
mvn dependency:analyze       # Analyze dependencies
mvn versions:display-dependency-updates  # Check for updates

# Running
mvn exec:java                # Run main class
mvn spring-boot:run          # Run Spring Boot app

# Profiles
mvn clean install -Pprod     # Activate profile

# Options
mvn clean install -DskipTests      # Skip tests
mvn clean install -T 4             # Parallel build
mvn clean install -U               # Force update
mvn clean install -o               # Offline mode

# Information
mvn help:effective-pom       # Show effective POM
mvn help:active-profiles     # Show active profiles

备注

• 多模块项目始终使用 dependencyManagement
• 保持 Maven 版本为最新
• 使用 Maven Wrapper (mvnw) 确保构建一致
• 配置 settings.xml 以应用组织范围的设置
• 使用 profiles 配置特定环境
• 启用并行构建以加快编译
• 配置仓库管理器以提升性能
• 使用 BOM 管理框架版本
• 记录自定义插件配置
• 定期审查并更新依赖项