magento-multi-store

Magento 多店铺设置

概述

Magento 的多店铺架构分为三个层级：Website → Store → Store View。Website 将拥有共享客户群和订单流程的多个店铺归为一组。Website 下的 Store 拥有自己的根类别和 URL 结构。Store 下的 Store View 通常代表不同语言或地区设置。配置值可以设为全局、Website 或 Store View 范围；较低层级的设置会覆盖较高层级的设置。Adobe Commerce（B2B）还提供 Shared Catalogs，用于按公司控制产品和价格的可见性。

何时使用此技能

• 需要通过单个 Magento 安装运行多个品牌或面向不同国家/地区的店面时
• 需要为每个 Website 设置不同的基础货币、税务配置或支付方式时
• 需要在 B2C 店铺旁创建具有不同产品可见性的 B2B 门户时
• 需要在同一产品目录下为多种语言创建本地化 Store View 时
• 需要为每个 Website 配置独立的结账流程、配送方式或支付网关时
• 需要管理共享产品目录，同时覆盖特定 Website 的定价和可见性时

核心说明

1. 创建 Website → Store → Store View 层级

   注意： Magento 核心版本不包含 bin/magento store:website:create、store:group:create 或 store:store:create CLI 命令。请通过 Admin → Stores → All Stores 或以编程方式使用 PHP（如下所示）创建 Website、Store 和 Store View。一些第三方模块会添加对应的 CLI 命令，但它们并非核心功能。

   通过 PHP 以编程方式创建（主要方法）：

   <?php
   // Create website via DataObject
   use Magento\Store\Model\Website;
   use Magento\Store\Model\Group;
   use Magento\Store\Model\Store;
   
   $website = $objectManager->create(Website::class);
   $website->setCode('uk_site')
           ->setName('UK Website')
           ->setDefaultGroupId(0) // Set after creating group
           ->save();
   
   $storeGroup = $objectManager->create(Group::class);
   $storeGroup->setWebsiteId($website->getId())
              ->setName('UK Store')
              ->setRootCategoryId(3) // Your UK root category ID
              ->save();
   
   $storeView = $objectManager->create(Store::class);
   $storeView->setWebsiteId($website->getId())
             ->setGroupId($storeGroup->getId())
             ->setCode('uk_en')
             ->setName('UK English')
             ->setIsActive(1)
             ->save();
   

2. 配置 nginx 以支持多 Website 路由

   # /etc/nginx/sites-available/magento-multi-store.conf
   
   # Map host to Magento store code (MAGE_RUN_CODE + MAGE_RUN_TYPE)
   map $http_host $MAGE_RUN_CODE {
       hostnames;
       default         "";
       www.mystore.com "";         # Default (global config)
       uk.mystore.com  uk_en;     # UK store view
       de.mystore.com  de_de;     # German store view
       b2b.mystore.com b2b_en;   # B2B website
   }
   
   map $http_host $MAGE_RUN_TYPE {
       hostnames;
       default         "";
       www.mystore.com "";
       uk.mystore.com  "store";   # Route to store view
       de.mystore.com  "store";
       b2b.mystore.com "website"; # Route to website (different customer base)
   }
   
   server {
       listen 443 ssl http2;
       server_name ~^(.+\.)?mystore\.com$;
   
       root /var/www/magento/pub;
       index index.php;
   
       location ~ \.php$ {
           fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
           fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_CODE $MAGE_RUN_CODE;
           fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_TYPE $MAGE_RUN_TYPE;
           include fastcgi_params;
       }
   }
   

3. 设置范围配置值

   配置可以设为全局、Website 或 Store View 范围：

   # Set base URL per website
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site web/secure/base_url "https://uk.mystore.com/"
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site web/unsecure/base_url "https://uk.mystore.com/"
   
   # Set currency per website
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site currency/options/base GBP
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site currency/options/default GBP
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site currency/options/allow "GBP,EUR"
   
   # Set locale per store view
   bin/magento config:set --scope=stores --scope-code=de_de general/locale/code de_DE
   bin/magento config:set --scope=stores --scope-code=de_de general/locale/timezone "Europe/Berlin"
   
   # Disable a payment method for specific website
   bin/magento config:set --scope=websites --scope-code=uk_site payment/checkmo/active 0
   

   通过 PHP 以编程方式设置：

   <?php
   use Magento\Framework\App\Config\Storage\WriterInterface;
   use Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface;
   
   class ScopeConfigManager
   {
       public function __construct(
           private readonly WriterInterface $configWriter,
           private readonly \Magento\Framework\App\Cache\TypeListInterface $cacheTypeList
       ) {}
   
       public function setScopedValue(
           string $path,
           mixed $value,
           string $scope,
           int $scopeId
       ): void {
           $this->configWriter->save($path, $value, $scope, $scopeId);
           // Flush config cache after write
           $this->cacheTypeList->cleanType('config');
       }
   
       public function setWebsiteShippingOrigin(string $websiteCode, array $originData): void {
           $website = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance()
               ->create(\Magento\Store\Model\Website::class)
               ->load($websiteCode, 'code');
   
           $this->setScopedValue(
               'shipping/origin/country_id',
               $originData['country'],
               ScopeInterface::SCOPE_WEBSITES,
               (int)$website->getId()
           );
       }
   }
   

4. 管理特定 Website 的产品分配和定价

   可以将产品分配给特定 Website，同时共享全局目录：

   <?php
   // Assign a product to specific websites
   use Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\Product as ProductResource;
   
   class ProductWebsiteAssignment
   {
       public function __construct(
           private readonly ProductResource $productResource,
           private readonly \Magento\Store\Model\StoreManagerInterface $storeManager
       ) {}
   
       public function assignProductToWebsite(int $productId, string $websiteCode): void {
           $website = $this->storeManager->getWebsite($websiteCode);
           $this->productResource->websiteToProducts([
               ['product_id' => $productId, 'website_id' => $website->getId()],
           ]);
       }
   
       public function setWebsitePrice(int $productId, string $websiteCode, float $price): void {
           // Use tier prices with website scope for website-specific pricing
           $tierPriceResource = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance()
               ->create(\Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\Product\Attribute\Backend\Tierprice::class);
           // Or use price scope: Admin → Config → Catalog → Price → Catalog Price Scope = Website
       }
   }
   

   启用 Website 范围的定价：

   bin/magento config:set catalog/price/scope 1  # 0 = Global, 1 = Website
   bin/magento indexer:reindex catalog_product_price
   

5. 配置 Adobe Commerce B2B Shared Catalogs

   Shared Catalogs（B2B 功能）支持按公司控制产品和价格的可见性：

   <?php
   // Assign a company to a custom shared catalog
   use Magento\SharedCatalog\Api\SharedCatalogManagementInterface;
   use Magento\SharedCatalog\Api\Data\SharedCatalogInterface;
   
   class SharedCatalogManager
   {
       public function __construct(
           private readonly SharedCatalogManagementInterface $sharedCatalogManagement,
           private readonly \Magento\SharedCatalog\Api\SharedCatalogRepositoryInterface $catalogRepository,
           private readonly \Magento\Company\Api\CompanyRepositoryInterface $companyRepository
       ) {}
   
       public function assignCompanyToCatalog(int $companyId, int $sharedCatalogId): void {
           $sharedCatalog = $this->catalogRepository->get($sharedCatalogId);
           $company = $this->companyRepository->get($companyId);
           $company->getExtensionAttributes()->getQuoteConfig()?->setCustomerGroupId(
               $sharedCatalog->getCustomerGroupId()
           );
           $this->companyRepository->save($company);
       }
   }
   

   # CLI: Assign products to a shared catalog (by SKU list from CSV)
   bin/magento company:catalog:assign --catalog-id=2 --products-file=products.csv
   
   # Set catalog-specific pricing via import
   bin/magento import:start --entity=shared_catalog_product_price --behavior=add_update --import-file=prices.csv
   

示例

自动化多 Website 部署配置

<?php
// Console command to provision a new website from config array
namespace MyVendor\MultiStore\Console\Command;

use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;

class ProvisionWebsiteCommand extends Command
{
    protected function configure(): void
    {
        $this->setName('mystore:website:provision')
             ->setDescription('Provision a new website from config');
    }

    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output): int
    {
        $websites = [
            [
                'code' => 'au_site',
                'name' => 'Australia',
                'domain' => 'au.mystore.com',
                'currency' => 'AUD',
                'locale' => 'en_AU',
                'timezone' => 'Australia/Sydney',
                'root_category_id' => 5,
            ],
        ];

        foreach ($websites as $config) {
            $output->writeln("Creating website: {$config['code']}");
            // Execute creation commands...
            $this->createWebsite($config, $output);
        }

        return Command::SUCCESS;
    }

    private function createWebsite(array $config, OutputInterface $output): void
    {
        // Implementation: create Website → Group → StoreView → set config
    }
}

在自定义模块中读取范围配置

<?php
use Magento\Framework\App\Config\ScopeConfigInterface;
use Magento\Store\Model\ScopeInterface;

class StoreAwareConfig
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly ScopeConfigInterface $scopeConfig
    ) {}

    public function getWebsiteConfig(string $path, ?string $websiteCode = null): mixed
    {
        return $this->scopeConfig->getValue(
            $path,
            ScopeInterface::SCOPE_WEBSITE,
            $websiteCode // null = current website
        );
    }

    public function getStoreConfig(string $path, ?string $storeCode = null): mixed
    {
        return $this->scopeConfig->getValue(
            $path,
            ScopeInterface::SCOPE_STORE,
            $storeCode // null = current store view
        );
    }

    // Usage
    public function getShippingOriginCountry(): string
    {
        return (string)$this->getStoreConfig('shipping/origin/country_id');
    }
}

最佳实践

• 语言变体使用店铺代码路由（MAGE_RUN_TYPE=store），仅在需要独立客户群、订单和支付方式时使用 Website 路由（MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website）
• 上线前启用 Website 范围的定价——之后从全局范围切换到 Website 范围需要完整重建价格索引，并可能破坏现有目录规则
• 在 nginx/Apache 层设置 MAGE_RUN_CODE 和 MAGE_RUN_TYPE，不要在 index.php 中设置——这样可将路由配置保留在基础设施层，并便于复制
• 分别测试每个 Website 的结账流程——支付网关、税类和配送方式都可以按 Website 配置；一个 Website 的结账流程正常，并不意味着其他 Website 也正常
• 每次执行 config:set 后清理配置缓存——范围配置更改会被缓存；自动化预配置脚本执行后，请运行 bin/magento cache:clean config
• 在高流量环境中为每个 Website 使用独立的 Redis 数据库——某个 Website 的缓慢重新索引可能耗尽共享缓存存储资源并影响所有 Website
• 记录 Website/Store/Store View ID 的对应关系——ID 会因环境而异；所有配置脚本中都应使用代码（uk_en），而不是数字 ID

常见问题

问题	解决方案
新网站显示全局价格，忽略网站配置	启用网站范围的定价：先运行 bin/magento config:set catalog/price/scope 1，然后重新索引 catalog_product_price
nginx 未将 MAGE_RUN_CODE 传递给 PHP	确认 fastcgi_param MAGE_RUN_CODE 位于 location ~ \.php$ 块内，而非块外——这是常见的配置位置错误
来自一个网站的客户可以登录另一个网站	默认情况下，设置了 MAGE_RUN_TYPE=website 的网站会共用客户池，除非你启用了按网站范围设置的客户账户共享：Admin → Config → Customer → Account Sharing
产品显示在错误的网站上	在 Admin → Catalog 中检查产品的“Product in Websites”属性；必须将产品明确分配到其应显示的每个网站
范围配置未生效	配置值会被缓存——更改后务必运行 bin/magento cache:clean config；还要确认范围代码的拼写完全一致
B2B 共享目录未筛选产品	客户必须分配给具有正确目录的公司；访客和未加入公司的客户只能看到公共共享目录

相关技能

• @magento-module-development
• @magento-graphql
• @magento-indexing-caching
• @international-ecommerce
• @b2b-commerce