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motion-framer

motion-framer

github.com/freshtechbro设计与 UI1.2k6.1k 次安装49 周前更新
代码仓库

关于 motion-framer

motion-framer 是一项围绕 Motion 和 Framer Motion 的开发 Skill,面向使用 React 或 JavaScript 构建动画界面的开发者。内容涵盖手势、布局与退出动画、弹簧效果、钩子和实用示例。

主要功能

  1. 01使用 motion 组件声明动画
  2. 02支持悬停、点击和拖拽手势
  3. 03制作布局变化与退出动画
  4. 04提供弹簧物理和滚动动画
  5. 05介绍动画控制钩子与变体

适用场景

  1. 01为按钮和菜单添加交互效果
  2. 02制作页面切换与滚动动画
  3. 03实现拖放和布局重排
  4. 04构建带状态变化的动画界面

安装

复制下面的命令,在终端中运行。

$npx skills add https://github.com/freshtechbro/claudedesignskills --skill motion-framer

安装后在 Claude Code 中输入/motion-framer确认已加载。

包含的文件

除 SKILL.md 外,安装时一起下载的参考资料和脚本。

assets/examples/
README.md
assets/starter_motion/
index.html
package.json
README.md
vite.config.js
assets/starter_motion/src/
App.css
App.jsx
main.jsx
assets/starter_motion/src/components/
DraggableBox.jsx
HoverCard.jsx
StaggerList.jsx
references/
api_reference.md
scripts/
animation_generator.py
variant_builder.py

详细介绍

Motion 与 Framer Motion

概述

Motion(前身为 Framer Motion)是一个可用于生产环境的 React 和 JavaScript 动画库,只需少量代码即可实现声明式、高性能的动画。它提供了为 HTML 元素赋予动画能力的 motion 组件,支持手势识别(悬停、轻触、拖拽、聚焦),还包含布局动画、退出动画和弹簧物理等高级功能。

适用场景:

  • 构建交互式 UI 组件(按钮、卡片、菜单)
  • 创建微交互和悬停效果
  • 实现页面切换和路由动画
  • 添加基于滚动的动画和视差效果
  • 为布局变化添加动画(调整大小、重新排序、共享元素切换)
  • 构建拖放界面
  • 创建复杂的动画序列和基于状态的动画
  • 用功能更强大、可控性更高的动画替代 CSS 过渡效果

技术:

  • Motion(v11+)- 由 Framer Motion 创建者打造的现代精简库
  • Framer Motion - 功能齐全的前身(仍被广泛使用)
  • 兼容 React 18+,也支持 Vue
  • 支持 TypeScript
  • 适用于 Next.js、Vite、Remix 及所有现代 React 框架

核心概念

1. Motion 组件

在 HTML/SVG 元素前加上 motion.,即可将其转换为可制作动画的组件:

import { motion } from "framer-motion"

// Regular HTML becomes motion component
<motion.div />
<motion.button />
<motion.svg />
<motion.path />

每个 motion 组件都接受 animate、initial、transition 等动画属性,以及 whileHover、whileTap 等手势属性。

2. Animate 属性

animate 属性定义动画的目标状态。值发生变化时,Motion 会自动将动画过渡到目标状态:

// Simple animation - x position changes
<motion.div animate={{ x: 100 }} />

// Multiple properties
<motion.div animate={{ x: 100, opacity: 1, scale: 1.2 }} />

// Animates when state changes
const [isOpen, setIsOpen] = useState(false)
<motion.div animate={{ width: isOpen ? 300 : 100 }} />
3. 初始状态

使用 initial 属性设置动画开始前的初始状态:

<motion.div
  initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 50 }}
  animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
/>

设置 initial={false} 可禁用挂载时的初始动画。

4. 过渡效果

使用 transition 属性控制动画在不同状态之间的过渡方式:

// Duration-based
<motion.div
  animate={{ x: 100 }}
  transition={{ duration: 0.5, ease: "easeInOut" }}
/>

// Spring physics
<motion.div
  animate={{ scale: 1.2 }}
  transition={{ type: "spring", stiffness: 300, damping: 20 }}
/>

// Different transitions for different properties
<motion.div
  animate={{ x: 100, opacity: 1 }}
  transition={{
    x: { type: "spring", stiffness: 300 },
    opacity: { duration: 0.2 }
  }}
/>

过渡类型:

  • "tween"(默认)- 基于时长并带有缓动效果
  • "spring" - 基于物理效果的弹簧动画
  • "inertia" - 减速动画(用于拖拽)
5. 变体

使用命名变体组织动画状态,让代码更简洁,并将动画状态传递给子元素:

const variants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0, y: 20 },
  visible: { opacity: 1, y: 0 },
  exit: { opacity: 0, scale: 0.9 }
}

<motion.div
  variants={variants}
  initial="hidden"
  animate="visible"
  exit="exit"
/>

变体传递 - 子元素会自动继承父元素的变体状态:

const containerVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: {
    opacity: 1,
    transition: {
      staggerChildren: 0.1  // Stagger child animations
    }
  }
}

const itemVariants = {
  hidden: { x: -20, opacity: 0 },
  visible: { x: 0, opacity: 1 }
}

<motion.ul variants={containerVariants} initial="hidden" animate="visible">
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
</motion.ul>

常见模式

1. 悬停动画

使用 whileHover 属性创建悬停动画:

// Simple hover effect
<motion.button
  whileHover={{ scale: 1.1 }}
  transition={{ duration: 0.2 }}
>
  Hover me
</motion.button>

// Multiple properties
<motion.div
  whileHover={{
    scale: 1.05,
    backgroundColor: "#f0f0f0",
    boxShadow: "0px 10px 30px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)"
  }}
>
  Hover card
</motion.div>

// With custom transition
<motion.button
  whileHover={{
    scale: 1.2,
    transition: { duration: 0.1 }  // Transition for gesture start
  }}
  transition={{ duration: 0.5 }}  // Transition for gesture end
>
  Button
</motion.button>

包含嵌套元素的悬停效果:

<motion.div whileHover="hover" variants={cardVariants}>
  <motion.h3 variants={titleVariants}>Title</motion.h3>
  <motion.img variants={imageVariants} />
</motion.div>
2. 轻触/按压动画

使用 whileTap 属性创建轻触/按压动画:

// Scale down on tap
<motion.button
  whileTap={{ scale: 0.9 }}
>
  Click me
</motion.button>

// Combined hover + tap
<motion.button
  whileHover={{ scale: 1.1 }}
  whileTap={{ scale: 0.95, rotate: 3 }}
>
  Interactive button
</motion.button>

// With variants
const buttonVariants = {
  rest: { scale: 1 },
  hover: { scale: 1.1 },
  pressed: { scale: 0.95 }
}

<motion.button
  variants={buttonVariants}
  initial="rest"
  whileHover="hover"
  whileTap="pressed"
>
  Button
</motion.button>
3. 拖拽交互

使用 drag 属性使元素可拖拽:

// Basic dragging (both axes)
<motion.div drag />

// Constrain to axis
<motion.div drag="x" />  // Only horizontal
<motion.div drag="y" />  // Only vertical

// Drag constraints
<motion.div
  drag
  dragConstraints={{ left: -100, right: 100, top: -100, bottom: 100 }}
/>

// Drag with parent constraints
<motion.div ref={constraintsRef}>
  <motion.div drag dragConstraints={constraintsRef} />
</motion.div>

// Visual feedback while dragging
<motion.div
  drag
  whileDrag={{
    scale: 1.1,
    boxShadow: "0px 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.2)",
    cursor: "grabbing"
  }}
  dragElastic={0.1}  // Elasticity when dragging outside constraints
  dragTransition={{ bounceStiffness: 600, bounceDamping: 20 }}
/>

拖拽事件:

<motion.div
  drag
  onDragStart={(event, info) => console.log(info.point)}
  onDrag={(event, info) => console.log(info.offset)}
  onDragEnd={(event, info) => console.log(info.velocity)}
/>
4. 退出动画(AnimatePresence)

使用 AnimatePresence 为从 DOM 中移除的组件添加动画:

import { AnimatePresence } from "framer-motion"

// Basic exit animation
<AnimatePresence>
  {isVisible && (
    <motion.div
      key="modal"
      initial={{ opacity: 0 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
    />
  )}
</AnimatePresence>

关键要求:

  • 组件必须是 <AnimatePresence> 的直接子元素
  • 必须设置唯一的 key 属性
  • 使用 exit 属性定义退出动画

带退出动画的列表项:

<AnimatePresence>
  {items.map(item => (
    <motion.li
      key={item.id}
      initial={{ opacity: 0, x: -50 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, x: 0 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0, x: 50 }}
      layout  // Smooth layout shifts
    >
      {item.name}
    </motion.li>
  ))}
</AnimatePresence>

交错退出动画:

const containerVariants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: {
    opacity: 1,
    transition: {
      when: "beforeChildren",
      staggerChildren: 0.1
    }
  },
  exit: {
    opacity: 0,
    transition: {
      when: "afterChildren",
      staggerChildren: 0.05,
      staggerDirection: -1  // Reverse order
    }
  }
}

<AnimatePresence>
  {show && (
    <motion.div variants={containerVariants} initial="hidden" animate="visible" exit="exit">
      <motion.div variants={itemVariants} />
      <motion.div variants={itemVariants} />
      <motion.div variants={itemVariants} />
    </motion.div>
  )}
</AnimatePresence>
5. 布局动画

使用 layout 属性自动为布局变化(位置、尺寸)添加动画:

// Animate all layout changes
<motion.div layout />

// Animate only position changes
<motion.div layout="position" />

// Animate only size changes
<motion.div layout="size" />

网格布局动画:

const [columns, setColumns] = useState(3)

<motion.div className="grid">
  {items.map(item => (
    <motion.div
      key={item.id}
      layout
      transition={{ layout: { duration: 0.3, ease: "easeInOut" } }}
    />
  ))}
</motion.div>

共享布局动画(layoutId):

使用 layoutId 连接两个不同的元素,实现平滑过渡:

// Tab indicator example
<nav>
  {tabs.map(tab => (
    <button key={tab.id} onClick={() => setActive(tab.id)}>
      {tab.label}
      {activeTab === tab.id && (
        <motion.div
          layoutId="underline"
          style={{ position: 'absolute', bottom: 0, left: 0, right: 0, height: 2 }}
        />
      )}
    </button>
  ))}
</nav>

// Modal opening from thumbnail
<motion.img
  src={thumbnail}
  layoutId="product-image"
  onClick={() => setExpanded(true)}
/>

<AnimatePresence>
  {expanded && (
    <motion.div layoutId="product-image">
      <img src={fullsize} />
    </motion.div>
  )}
</AnimatePresence>
6. 基于滚动的动画

使用 whileInView 在元素进入视口时为其添加动画:

<motion.div
  initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 50 }}
  whileInView={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
  viewport={{ once: true, amount: 0.8 }}  // once: trigger once, amount: 80% visible
  transition={{ duration: 0.5 }}
>
  Animates when scrolled into view
</motion.div>

视口选项:

  • once: true - 动画仅触发一次
  • amount: 0.5 - 元素可见部分的比例(0-1),或 "some" | "all"
  • margin: "-100px" - 调整视口边界

交错滚动动画:

<motion.ul
  initial="hidden"
  whileInView="visible"
  viewport={{ once: true, amount: 0.3 }}
  variants={{
    visible: {
      opacity: 1,
      transition: { staggerChildren: 0.1 }
    },
    hidden: { opacity: 0 }
  }}
>
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
  <motion.li variants={itemVariants} />
</motion.ul>
7. 弹簧动画

使用弹簧物理效果创建自然、有弹性的动画:

// Basic spring
<motion.div
  animate={{ scale: 1.2 }}
  transition={{ type: "spring" }}
/>

// Customize spring physics
<motion.div
  animate={{ x: 100 }}
  transition={{
    type: "spring",
    stiffness: 300,  // Higher = faster, snappier (default: 100)
    damping: 20,     // Higher = less bouncy (default: 10)
    mass: 1,         // Higher = more inertia (default: 1)
  }}
/>

// Visual duration (easier spring control)
<motion.div
  animate={{ rotate: 90 }}
  transition={{
    type: "spring",
    visualDuration: 0.5,  // Perceived duration
    bounce: 0.25          // Bounciness (0-1, default: 0.25)
  }}
/>

弹簧预设:

  • 柔和:stiffness: 100, damping: 20
  • 摇摆:stiffness: 200, damping: 10
  • 刚硬:stiffness: 400, damping: 30
  • 缓慢:stiffness: 50, damping: 20

手势识别

Motion 提供声明式的手势处理器:

手势属性
<motion.div
  whileHover={{ scale: 1.1 }}        // Pointer hovers over element
  whileTap={{ scale: 0.9 }}          // Primary pointer presses element
  whileFocus={{ outline: "2px" }}    // Element gains focus
  whileDrag={{ scale: 1.1 }}         // Element is being dragged
  whileInView={{ opacity: 1 }}       // Element is in viewport
/>
手势事件
<motion.div
  onHoverStart={(event, info) => {}}
  onHoverEnd={(event, info) => {}}
  onTap={(event, info) => {}}
  onTapStart={(event, info) => {}}
  onTapCancel={(event, info) => {}}
  onDragStart={(event, info) => {}}
  onDrag={(event, info) => {}}
  onDragEnd={(event, info) => {}}
  onViewportEnter={(entry) => {}}
  onViewportLeave={(entry) => {}}
/>

事件信息对象包含:

  • point: { x, y } - 页面坐标
  • offset: { x, y } - 相对于拖动起点的偏移量
  • velocity: { x, y } - 拖动速度

Hooks

useAnimate

使用 useAnimate hook 手动控制动画:

import { useAnimate } from "framer-motion"

function Component() {
  const [scope, animate] = useAnimate()

  useEffect(() => {
    // Animate multiple elements
    animate([
      [scope.current, { opacity: 1 }],
      ["li", { x: 0, opacity: 1 }, { delay: stagger(0.1) }],
      [".button", { scale: 1.2 }]
    ])
  }, [])

  return (
    <div ref={scope}>
      <ul>
        <li>Item 1</li>
        <li>Item 2</li>
      </ul>
      <button className="button">Click</button>
    </div>
  )
}

动画控制:

const controls = animate(element, { x: 100 })
controls.play()
controls.pause()
controls.stop()
controls.speed = 0.5
controls.time = 0  // Seek to start
useSpring

创建弹簧动画的运动值:

import { useSpring } from "framer-motion"

function Component() {
  const x = useSpring(0, { stiffness: 300, damping: 20 })

  return (
    <motion.div style={{ x }}>
      <button onClick={() => x.set(100)}>Move</button>
    </motion.div>
  )
}
useInView

检测元素是否位于视口中:

import { useInView } from "framer-motion"

function Component() {
  const ref = useRef(null)
  const isInView = useInView(ref, { once: true, amount: 0.5 })

  return (
    <div ref={ref}>
      {isInView ? "In view!" : "Not in view"}
    </div>
  )
}

集成模式

与 GSAP 集成

将 Motion 用于基于状态的动画,将 GSAP 用于复杂时间轴:

import { motion } from "framer-motion"
import gsap from "gsap"

function Component() {
  const boxRef = useRef()

  const handleClick = () => {
    // Use GSAP for complex timeline
    const tl = gsap.timeline()
    tl.to(boxRef.current, { rotation: 360, duration: 1 })
      .to(boxRef.current, { scale: 1.5, duration: 0.5 })
  }

  return (
    // Use Motion for hover/tap/layout animations
    <motion.div
      ref={boxRef}
      whileHover={{ scale: 1.1 }}
      onClick={handleClick}
    />
  )
}
与 React Three Fiber 集成

使用 Motion 值为 3D 对象添加动画:

import { motion } from "framer-motion"
import { useFrame } from "@react-three/fiber"

function Box() {
  const x = useMotionValue(0)

  useFrame(() => {
    // Sync Motion value with Three.js position
    meshRef.current.position.x = x.get()
  })

  return (
    <>
      <mesh ref={meshRef}>
        <boxGeometry />
        <meshStandardMaterial />
      </mesh>
      <motion.div
        style={{ x }}
        drag="x"
        dragConstraints={{ left: -5, right: 5 }}
      />
    </>
  )
}
与表单库集成

为表单验证状态添加动画:

import { motion, AnimatePresence } from "framer-motion"

function FormField({ error }) {
  return (
    <div>
      <motion.input
        animate={{
          borderColor: error ? "#ff0000" : "#cccccc",
          x: error ? [0, -10, 10, -10, 10, 0] : 0  // Shake animation
        }}
        transition={{ duration: 0.4 }}
      />
      <AnimatePresence>
        {error && (
          <motion.p
            initial={{ opacity: 0, y: -10 }}
            animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
            exit={{ opacity: 0, y: -10 }}
            style={{ color: "#ff0000" }}
          >
            {error}
          </motion.p>
        )}
      </AnimatePresence>
    </div>
  )
}

性能优化

1. 使用变换属性

变换属性(x、y、scale、rotate)由硬件加速:

// ✅ Good - Hardware accelerated
<motion.div animate={{ x: 100, scale: 1.2 }} />

// ❌ Avoid - Triggers layout/paint
<motion.div animate={{ left: 100, width: 200 }} />
2. 单独的变换属性

Motion 支持单独的变换属性,让代码更简洁:

// Individual properties (Motion feature)
<motion.div style={{ x: 100, rotate: 45, scale: 1.2 }} />

// Traditional (also supported)
<motion.div style={{ transform: "translateX(100px) rotate(45deg) scale(1.2)" }} />
3. 为无障碍功能减少动画

尊重用户对减少动画的偏好:

import { useReducedMotion } from "framer-motion"

function Component() {
  const shouldReduceMotion = useReducedMotion()

  return (
    <motion.div
      animate={{ x: 100 }}
      transition={shouldReduceMotion ? { duration: 0 } : { duration: 0.5 }}
    />
  )
}
4. 布局动画的性能

布局动画可能开销较大。可通过以下方式优化:

// Specify what to animate
<motion.div layout="position" />  // Only position, not size

// Optimize transition
<motion.div
  layout
  transition={{
    layout: { duration: 0.3, ease: "easeOut" }
  }}
/>
5. 谨慎使用 layoutId

layoutId 会创建共享布局动画,但会全局跟踪元素。仅在需要时使用。

常见问题

1. 忘记使用 AnimatePresence 实现退出动画

问题: 退出动画不起作用

// ❌ Wrong - No AnimatePresence
{show && <motion.div exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />}
// ✅ Correct - Wrapped in AnimatePresence
<AnimatePresence>
  {show && <motion.div exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />}
</AnimatePresence>
2. 列表中缺少 key 属性

问题: AnimatePresence 无法跟踪元素

// ❌ Wrong - No key
<AnimatePresence>
  {items.map(item => <motion.div exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />)}
</AnimatePresence>
// ✅ Correct - Unique keys
<AnimatePresence>
  {items.map(item => (
    <motion.div key={item.id} exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />
  ))}
</AnimatePresence>
3. 为非变换属性添加动画

问题: 动画卡顿,性能不佳

// ❌ Avoid - Not hardware accelerated
<motion.div animate={{ top: 100, left: 50, width: 200 }} />
// ✅ Better - Use transforms
<motion.div animate={{ x: 50, y: 100, scaleX: 2 }} />
4. 过度使用布局动画

问题: 大量使用布局动画的元素会导致性能问题

// ❌ Too many layout animations
{items.map(item => <motion.div layout>{item}</motion.div>)}
// ✅ Use layout only where needed, optimize others
{items.map(item => (
  <motion.div
    key={item.id}
    animate={{ opacity: 1 }}  // Cheaper animation
    exit={{ opacity: 0 }}
  />
))}
5. 复杂动画未使用 Variants

问题: 动画代码重复,无法编排子元素

// ❌ Repetitive
<motion.div initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />
<motion.div initial={{ opacity: 0 }} animate={{ opacity: 1 }} exit={{ opacity: 0 }} />
// ✅ Use variants
const variants = {
  hidden: { opacity: 0 },
  visible: { opacity: 1 }
}

<motion.div variants={variants} initial="hidden" animate="visible" />
<motion.div variants={variants} initial="hidden" animate="visible" />
6. 过渡时序不正确

问题: 过渡未应用于指定手势

// ❌ Wrong - General transition won't apply to whileHover
<motion.div
  whileHover={{ scale: 1.2 }}
  transition={{ duration: 1 }}  // This applies to animate prop, not whileHover
/>
// ✅ Correct - Transition in whileHover or separate gesture transition
<motion.div
  whileHover={{
    scale: 1.2,
    transition: { duration: 0.2 }  // Applies to hover start
  }}
  transition={{ duration: 0.5 }}  // Applies to hover end
/>

资源

官方文档
捆绑资源

此技能包含:

references/

  • api_reference.md - 完整的 Motion API 参考
  • variants_patterns.md - Variant 模式和编排
  • gesture_guide.md - 全面的手势处理指南

scripts/

  • animation_generator.py - 生成 Motion 组件样板代码
  • variant_builder.py - 交互式 Variant 配置工具

assets/

  • starter_motion/ - 完整的 Motion + Vite 入门模板
  • examples/ - 真实场景中的 Motion 组件模式
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