nx-workspace-patterns

Nx 工作区模式

Nx 单体仓库管理的生产实践模式。

以下情况不要使用此技能

• 任务与 Nx 工作区模式无关
• 你需要使用此范围之外的其他领域知识或工具

说明

• 明确目标、限制条件和所需输入。
• 应用相关最佳实践并验证结果。
• 提供可执行的步骤和验证方法。

以下情况请使用此技能

• 设置新的 Nx 工作区
• 配置项目边界
• 使用 affected 命令优化 CI
• 实现远程缓存
• 管理项目间的依赖关系
• 迁移到 Nx

核心概念

1. Nx 架构

workspace/
├── apps/              # Deployable applications
│   ├── web/
│   └── api/
├── libs/              # Shared libraries
│   ├── shared/
│   │   ├── ui/
│   │   └── utils/
│   └── feature/
│       ├── auth/
│       └── dashboard/
├── tools/             # Custom executors/generators
├── nx.json            # Nx configuration
└── workspace.json     # Project configuration

2. 库类型

类型	用途	示例
feature	智能组件、业务逻辑	feature-auth
ui	展示型组件	ui-buttons
data-access	API 调用、状态管理	data-access-users
util	纯函数、辅助工具	util-formatting
shell	应用引导	shell-web

模板

这些示例混用了旧版和现代 Nx 配置。请固定工作区的 Nx/插件版本，并根据已安装的 schema 进行验证；不要不加判断地跨版本复制 npmScope/tasksRunnerOptions 或生成器选项。使用环境变量/密钥存储来管理 Nx Cloud 令牌，切勿在已提交的文件中写入字面值 accessToken 字段。仅缓存具有完整输入/输出声明的确定性任务；针对可变服务的 E2E 测试可能需要禁用缓存执行。受影响项目的选择依赖完整的依赖关系图和正确的 base/head：对于策略、共享或未知变更，仍需运行所有必需的测试套件。迁移命令会修改清单文件/代码，因此需要使用干净、可恢复的主题分支，并进行审查。

模板 1：nx.json 配置

{
  "$schema": "./node_modules/nx/schemas/nx-schema.json",
  "npmScope": "myorg",
  "affected": {
    "defaultBase": "main"
  },
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "nx/tasks-runners/default",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": [
          "build",
          "lint",
          "test",
          "e2e",
          "build-storybook"
        ],
        "parallel": 3
      }
    }
  },
  "targetDefaults": {
    "build": {
      "dependsOn": ["^build"],
      "inputs": ["production", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "test": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production", "{workspaceRoot}/jest.preset.js"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "lint": {
      "inputs": ["default", "{workspaceRoot}/.eslintrc.json"],
      "cache": true
    },
    "e2e": {
      "inputs": ["default", "^production"],
      "cache": true
    }
  },
  "namedInputs": {
    "default": ["{projectRoot}/**/*", "sharedGlobals"],
    "production": [
      "default",
      "!{projectRoot}/**/?(*.)+(spec|test).[jt]s?(x)?(.snap)",
      "!{projectRoot}/tsconfig.spec.json",
      "!{projectRoot}/jest.config.[jt]s",
      "!{projectRoot}/.eslintrc.json"
    ],
    "sharedGlobals": [
      "{workspaceRoot}/babel.config.json",
      "{workspaceRoot}/tsconfig.base.json"
    ]
  },
  "generators": {
    "@nx/react": {
      "application": {
        "style": "css",
        "linter": "eslint",
        "bundler": "webpack"
      },
      "library": {
        "style": "css",
        "linter": "eslint"
      },
      "component": {
        "style": "css"
      }
    }
  }
}

模板 2：项目配置

// apps/web/project.json
{
  "name": "web",
  "$schema": "../../node_modules/nx/schemas/project-schema.json",
  "sourceRoot": "apps/web/src",
  "projectType": "application",
  "tags": ["type:app", "scope:web"],
  "targets": {
    "build": {
      "executor": "@nx/webpack:webpack",
      "outputs": ["{options.outputPath}"],
      "defaultConfiguration": "production",
      "options": {
        "compiler": "babel",
        "outputPath": "dist/apps/web",
        "index": "apps/web/src/index.html",
        "main": "apps/web/src/main.tsx",
        "tsConfig": "apps/web/tsconfig.app.json",
        "assets": ["apps/web/src/assets"],
        "styles": ["apps/web/src/styles.css"]
      },
      "configurations": {
        "development": {
          "extractLicenses": false,
          "optimization": false,
          "sourceMap": true
        },
        "production": {
          "optimization": true,
          "outputHashing": "all",
          "sourceMap": false,
          "extractLicenses": true
        }
      }
    },
    "serve": {
      "executor": "@nx/webpack:dev-server",
      "defaultConfiguration": "development",
      "options": {
        "buildTarget": "web:build"
      },
      "configurations": {
        "development": {
          "buildTarget": "web:build:development"
        },
        "production": {
          "buildTarget": "web:build:production"
        }
      }
    },
    "test": {
      "executor": "@nx/jest:jest",
      "outputs": ["{workspaceRoot}/coverage/{projectRoot}"],
      "options": {
        "jestConfig": "apps/web/jest.config.ts",
        "passWithNoTests": true
      }
    },
    "lint": {
      "executor": "@nx/eslint:lint",
      "outputs": ["{options.outputFile}"],
      "options": {
        "lintFilePatterns": ["apps/web/**/*.{ts,tsx,js,jsx}"]
      }
    }
  }
}

模板 3：模块边界规则

// .eslintrc.json
{
  "root": true,
  "ignorePatterns": ["**/*"],
  "plugins": ["@nx"],
  "overrides": [
    {
      "files": ["*.ts", "*.tsx", "*.js", "*.jsx"],
      "rules": {
        "@nx/enforce-module-boundaries": [
          "error",
          {
            "enforceBuildableLibDependency": true,
            "allow": [],
            "depConstraints": [
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:app",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": [
                  "type:feature",
                  "type:ui",
                  "type:data-access",
                  "type:util"
                ]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:feature",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": [
                  "type:ui",
                  "type:data-access",
                  "type:util"
                ]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:ui",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:ui", "type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:data-access",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:data-access", "type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "type:util",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["type:util"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:web",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:web", "scope:shared"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:api",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:api", "scope:shared"]
              },
              {
                "sourceTag": "scope:shared",
                "onlyDependOnLibsWithTags": ["scope:shared"]
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

模板 4：自定义生成器

// tools/generators/feature-lib/index.ts
import {
  Tree,
  formatFiles,
  generateFiles,
  joinPathFragments,
  names,
  readProjectConfiguration,
} from '@nx/devkit';
import { libraryGenerator } from '@nx/react';

interface FeatureLibraryGeneratorSchema {
  name: string;
  scope: string;
  directory?: string;
}

export default async function featureLibraryGenerator(
  tree: Tree,
  options: FeatureLibraryGeneratorSchema
) {
  const { name, scope, directory } = options;
  const projectDirectory = directory
    ? `${directory}/${name}`
    : `libs/${scope}/feature-${name}`;

  // Generate base library
  await libraryGenerator(tree, {
    name: `feature-${name}`,
    directory: projectDirectory,
    tags: `type:feature,scope:${scope}`,
    style: 'css',
    skipTsConfig: false,
    skipFormat: true,
    unitTestRunner: 'jest',
    linter: 'eslint',
  });

  // Add custom files
  const projectConfig = readProjectConfiguration(tree, `${scope}-feature-${name}`);
  const projectNames = names(name);

  generateFiles(
    tree,
    joinPathFragments(__dirname, 'files'),
    projectConfig.sourceRoot,
    {
      ...projectNames,
      scope,
      tmpl: '',
    }
  );

  await formatFiles(tree);
}

模板 5：使用 affected 的 CI 配置

# .github/workflows/ci.yml
name: CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

env:
  NX_CLOUD_ACCESS_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NX_CLOUD_ACCESS_TOKEN }}

jobs:
  main:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20
          cache: 'npm'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Derive SHAs for affected commands
        uses: nrwl/nx-set-shas@v4

      - name: Run affected lint
        run: npx nx affected -t lint --parallel=3

      - name: Run affected test
        run: npx nx affected -t test --parallel=3 --configuration=ci

      - name: Run affected build
        run: npx nx affected -t build --parallel=3

      - name: Run affected e2e
        run: npx nx affected -t e2e --parallel=1

模板 6：远程缓存设置

// nx.json with Nx Cloud
{
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "nx-cloud",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": ["build", "lint", "test", "e2e"],
        "accessToken": "your-nx-cloud-token",
        "parallel": 3,
        "cacheDirectory": ".nx/cache"
      }
    }
  },
  "nxCloudAccessToken": "your-nx-cloud-token"
}

// Self-hosted cache with S3
{
  "tasksRunnerOptions": {
    "default": {
      "runner": "@nx-aws-cache/nx-aws-cache",
      "options": {
        "cacheableOperations": ["build", "lint", "test"],
        "awsRegion": "us-east-1",
        "awsBucket": "my-nx-cache-bucket",
        "awsProfile": "default"
      }
    }
  }
}

常用命令

# Generate new library
nx g @nx/react:lib feature-auth --directory=libs/web --tags=type:feature,scope:web

# Run affected tests
nx affected -t test --base=main

# View dependency graph
nx graph

# Run specific project
nx build web --configuration=production

# Reset cache
nx reset

# Run migrations
nx migrate latest
nx migrate --run-migrations

最佳实践

应做事项

• 统一使用标签 - 通过模块边界规则强制执行
• 尽早启用缓存 - 显著节省 CI 开销
• 让库职责聚焦 - 遵循单一职责原则
• 使用生成器 - 确保一致性
• 记录边界规则 - 帮助新开发者

不应做事项

• 不要创建循环依赖 - 依赖关系图应为无环图
• 不要跳过 affected - 只测试发生变更的部分
• 不要忽视边界规则 - 技术债会不断累积
• 不要过度细分 - 平衡库的数量

资源

• Nx 文档
• 模块边界
• Nx Cloud

局限性

• 仅当任务明确符合上述范围时，才使用此技能。
• 请勿将输出视为替代针对具体环境的验证、测试或专家审查。
• 如果缺少所需输入、权限、安全边界或成功标准，请暂停并要求澄清。