packaging-tauri-for-linux

在 Linux 上打包 Tauri 应用

关键构建要求

glibc 兼容性：在计划支持的最旧基础系统上构建（例如，使用 Ubuntu 18.04，而不是 22.04）。使用 Docker 或 GitHub Actions 进行可复现的构建。

格式概览

格式	用途	自动更新	安装方式
AppImage	通用、便携	手动	直接运行
Debian	Debian/Ubuntu	通过软件源	dpkg -i
RPM	Fedora/RHEL/openSUSE	通过软件源	rpm -i
Flatpak	沙盒化、Flathub	内置	flatpak install
Snap	Ubuntu Store	内置	snap install
AUR	Arch Linux	通过辅助工具	makepkg -si

---

AppImage

无需安装的独立可执行程序包。

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "appimage": {
        "bundleMediaFramework": true,
        "files": { "/usr/share/README.md": "../README.md" }
      }
    }
  }
}

选项	说明
bundleMediaFramework	包含 GStreamer（会增大体积；使用 ugly 插件可能涉及许可证问题）
files	其他文件（路径必须以 /usr/ 开头）

npm run tauri build -- --bundles appimage

ARM：不支持交叉编译。使用 GitHub ubuntu-22.04-arm 运行器。

---

Debian 软件包（.deb）

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "deb": {
        "depends": ["libssl3", "libasound2"],
        "files": { "/usr/share/doc/myapp/README": "../README.md" },
        "section": "utils",
        "priority": "optional"
      }
    }
  }
}

默认依赖项：libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0、libgtk-3-0、libappindicator3-1（如果使用托盘）。

npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb

ARM 交叉编译

# ARM64
rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu

.cargo/config.toml：

[target.aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu]
linker = "aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc"

PKG_CONFIG_SYSROOT_DIR=/usr/aarch64-linux-gnu cargo tauri build --target aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu

---

RPM 软件包

{
  "bundle": {
    "linux": {
      "rpm": {
        "depends": ["openssl"],
        "conflicts": ["oldapp"],
        "obsoletes": ["legacyapp < 2.0"],
        "provides": ["myapp-bin"],
        "license": "MIT",
        "preInstallScript": "scripts/pre-install.sh",
        "postInstallScript": "scripts/post-install.sh"
      }
    }
  }
}

脚本接收的参数：1（安装）、2（升级）、0（卸载）。

npm run tauri build -- --bundles rpm

签名

gpg --gen-key && gpg --export-secret-keys --armor > private.key
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY=$(cat private.key)
export TAURI_SIGNING_RPM_KEY_PASSPHRASE="passphrase"

调试命令

rpm -qip pkg.rpm   # Info
rpm -qlp pkg.rpm   # Files
rpm -qp --scripts pkg.rpm  # Scripts
rpm -Kv pkg.rpm    # Verify signature

---

Flatpak

前置条件

sudo apt install flatpak flatpak-builder  # Ubuntu/Debian
flatpak install flathub org.gnome.Platform//46 org.gnome.Sdk//46

清单（flatpak-builder.yaml）

id: com.example.myapp
runtime: org.gnome.Platform
runtime-version: '46'
sdk: org.gnome.Sdk
command: myapp

finish-args:
  - --socket=wayland
  - --socket=fallback-x11
  - --device=dri
  - --share=ipc
  - --share=network
  - --talk-name=org.kde.StatusNotifierWatcher
  - --filesystem=xdg-run/tray-icon:create

modules:
  - name: binary
    buildsystem: simple
    sources:
      - type: file
        path: flatpak.metainfo.xml
      - type: file
        url: https://github.com/user/repo/releases/download/v1.0.0/myapp_1.0.0_amd64.deb
        sha256: <hash>
        only-arches: [x86_64]
    build-commands:
      - mkdir deb-extract && ar -x *.deb --output deb-extract
      - tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      - install -Dm755 deb-extract/usr/bin/myapp /app/bin/myapp
      - sed -i 's/^Icon=.*/Icon=com.example.myapp/' deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop /app/share/applications/com.example.myapp.desktop
      - install -Dm644 deb-extract/usr/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/myapp.png /app/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/com.example.myapp.png
      - install -Dm644 flatpak.metainfo.xml /app/share/metainfo/com.example.myapp.metainfo.xml

MetaInfo（flatpak.metainfo.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<component type="desktop-application">
  <id>com.example.myapp</id>
  <name>My App</name>
  <summary>Short description</summary>
  <metadata_license>CC0-1.0</metadata_license>
  <project_license>MIT</project_license>
  <description><p>Longer description.</p></description>
  <launchable type="desktop-id">com.example.myapp.desktop</launchable>
  <url type="homepage">https://example.com</url>
  <releases><release version="1.0.0" date="2025-01-01"/></releases>
</component>

构建与测试

flatpak-builder --force-clean --user --install flatpak flatpak-builder.yaml
flatpak run com.example.myapp

托盘图标修复

TrayIconBuilder::new()
    .icon(app.default_window_icon().unwrap().clone())
    .temp_dir_path(app.path().app_cache_dir().unwrap())
    .build().unwrap();

提交到 Flathub

1. Fork https://github.com/flathub/flathub
2. 从 new-pr 创建分支，并添加清单
3. 发起 PR、处理反馈并获取仓库访问权限

---

Snap 软件包

前置条件

sudo apt install snapd
sudo snap install core22
sudo snap install snapcraft --classic

在 https://snapcraft.io 注册应用

snapcraft.yaml

name: myapp
base: core22
version: '1.0.0'
summary: Short description (max 79 chars)
description: Longer description.
grade: stable
confinement: strict

layout:
  /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1:
    bind: $SNAP/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/webkit2gtk-4.1

apps:
  myapp:
    command: usr/bin/myapp
    desktop: usr/share/applications/myapp.desktop
    extensions: [gnome]
    plugs: [home, network, audio-playback, desktop, wayland, x11, opengl]

parts:
  myapp:
    plugin: nil
    source: .
    build-packages: [nodejs, npm, curl, libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev, libssl-dev, libayatana-appindicator3-dev]
    stage-packages: [libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0, libayatana-appindicator3-1]
    override-build: |
      curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh -s -- -y
      . "$HOME/.cargo/env"
      npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb
      mkdir -p deb-extract && ar -x src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb --output deb-extract
      tar -C deb-extract -xf deb-extract/data.tar.gz
      cp -r deb-extract/usr $SNAPCRAFT_PART_INSTALL/

构建与发布

sudo snapcraft
snap run myapp
snapcraft login && snapcraft upload --release=stable myapp_1.0.0_amd64.snap

---

AUR（Arch User Repository）

设置

# Create account at https://aur.archlinux.org, configure SSH
git clone ssh://[email protected]/myapp.git

PKGBUILD（二进制）

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64' 'aarch64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source_x86_64=("$pkgname-$pkgver.deb::https://github.com/user/myapp/releases/download/v$pkgver/myapp_${pkgver}_amd64.deb")
sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP')

package() { tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

PKGBUILD（源码）

pkgname=myapp
pkgver=1.0.0
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Description"
arch=('x86_64')
url="https://github.com/user/myapp"
license=('MIT')
makedepends=('cargo' 'nodejs' 'npm' 'webkit2gtk-4.1' 'base-devel' 'openssl' 'libappindicator-gtk3')
depends=('cairo' 'desktop-file-utils' 'gdk-pixbuf2' 'glib2' 'gtk3' 'hicolor-icon-theme' 'libsoup' 'pango' 'webkit2gtk-4.1')
source=("$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz::https://github.com/user/myapp/archive/v$pkgver.tar.gz")
sha256sums=('SKIP')

build() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb; }
package() { cd "$pkgname-$pkgver" && tar -xf src-tauri/target/release/bundle/deb/*.deb && tar -xf data.tar.gz -C "$pkgdir"; }

安装脚本（myapp.install）

post_install() { update-desktop-database -q; gtk-update-icon-cache -q -t -f usr/share/icons/hicolor; }
post_upgrade() { post_install; }
post_remove() { post_install; }

提交

makepkg --printsrcinfo > .SRCINFO
makepkg -si  # Test
git add PKGBUILD .SRCINFO myapp.install && git commit -m "myapp 1.0.0" && git push

---

环境变量

GUI 应用不会继承 $PATH。使用 fix-path-env-rs：

[dependencies]
fix-path-env = "0.1"

fn main() {
    fix_path_env::fix();
    tauri::Builder::default().run(tauri::generate_context!()).expect("error");
}

---

GitHub Actions 示例

name: Build Linux
on: [push]
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libwebkit2gtk-4.1-dev libssl-dev libayatana-appindicator3-dev librsvg2-dev
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with: { node-version: 20 }
      - uses: dtolnay/rust-action@stable
      - run: npm install && npm run tauri build -- --bundles deb,rpm,appimage
      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
          name: linux-bundles
          path: src-tauri/target/release/bundle/**/*