prompt-engineering-ui

UI 生成的提示词工程

掌握向大模型传达设计意图的技巧。本技能介绍专为生成一致、高质量用户界面而优化的提示词模式。

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何时使用本技能

• 编写用于生成一致 UI 组件的提示词
• 向 AI 系统准确描述设计意图
• 为设计系统构建可复用的提示词模板
• 通过结构化反馈迭代生成 UI
• 为 UI 模式创建少样本示例
• 调试不一致的 UI 生成结果

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UI 提示词面临的挑战

UI 生成独具挑战性，因为它需要：

1. 视觉精确性 - 精确的间距、颜色和字体
2. 行为规范 - 交互、状态和动画
3. 上下文一致性 - 符合设计系统
4. 无障碍合规性 - WCAG、ARIA、键盘导航
5. 响应式适配 - 多种断点和设备
6. 代码质量 - 简洁、易维护的输出

标准提示词技术往往效果不佳，因为 UI 同时涉及视觉、行为和技术层面。

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核心提示词模式

模式 1：组件契约

将组件定义为契约，明确指定输入和输出。

## Component Contract: DataTable

### Purpose
Display tabular data with sorting, filtering, and pagination.

### Props (Inputs)
| Prop | Type | Required | Default | Description |
|------|------|----------|---------|-------------|
| data | T[] | Yes | - | Array of data objects |
| columns | ColumnDef[] | Yes | - | Column configuration |
| pageSize | number | No | 10 | Rows per page |
| sortable | boolean | No | true | Enable column sorting |
| filterable | boolean | No | false | Show filter inputs |

### Visual Specification
- **Container**: bg-white rounded-lg shadow-sm border border-gray-200
- **Header row**: bg-gray-50 text-gray-600 text-sm font-medium
- **Data rows**: hover:bg-gray-50 border-b border-gray-100
- **Typography**: Font-sans, body text 14px, headers 12px uppercase
- **Spacing**: Cell padding 12px horizontal, 8px vertical

### States
1. **Loading**: Skeleton rows with pulse animation
2. **Empty**: Centered message with icon
3. **Error**: Red border, error message below
4. **Selected**: bg-blue-50, left border accent

### Accessibility Requirements
- role="table" on container
- Sortable columns announce sort direction
- Focus visible on all interactive elements
- Keyboard navigation: Tab through headers, Enter to sort

### Output Format
React TypeScript component using Tailwind CSS.
Include JSDoc comments and prop types.

有效原因：

• 明确的契约消除了歧义
• 视觉规范使用实际的 CSS 值
• 状态要求可避免实现不完整
• 无障碍是不可妥协的要求

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模式 2：注入设计令牌

在提示词中直接嵌入设计令牌，以保持一致性。

Generate a Card component following these design tokens:

## Tokens
```json
{
  "spacing": {
    "xs": "4px",
    "sm": "8px",
    "md": "16px",
    "lg": "24px",
    "xl": "32px"
  },
  "colors": {
    "surface": {
      "primary": "#FFFFFF",
      "secondary": "#F9FAFB",
      "elevated": "#FFFFFF"
    },
    "border": {
      "subtle": "#E5E7EB",
      "default": "#D1D5DB"
    },
    "shadow": {
      "sm": "0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.05)",
      "md": "0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)"
    }
  },
  "radius": {
    "sm": "4px",
    "md": "8px",
    "lg": "12px"
  }
}

要求

• 卡片使用 surface.elevated 背景
• 边框使用 border.subtle
• 内边距使用 spacing.lg
• 圆角使用 radius.lg
• 阴影使用 shadow.md

尽可能将这些令牌映射为 Tailwind 类。

**Token Mapping Strategy**:
```typescript
// Prompt can include this mapping guide
const tokenToTailwind = {
  "spacing.xs": "p-1",
  "spacing.sm": "p-2",
  "spacing.md": "p-4",
  "spacing.lg": "p-6",
  "spacing.xl": "p-8",
  "colors.surface.primary": "bg-white",
  "colors.surface.secondary": "bg-gray-50",
  "colors.border.subtle": "border-gray-200",
  "radius.lg": "rounded-xl",
  "shadow.md": "shadow-md",
};

---

模式 3：视觉参考链

将视觉描述从抽象逐步串联到具体。

## Component: Hero Section

### Mood (Abstract)
Confident, minimal, focused. The user should feel capable and unintimidated.

### Aesthetic (Semi-Abstract)
- Clean sans-serif typography
- Generous whitespace (40% of viewport)
- Single accent color for CTAs
- Photography: abstract, not literal

### Visual Details (Concrete)
- **Layout**: Centered, max-width 1200px, py-24
- **Headline**: text-5xl font-bold tracking-tight text-gray-900
- **Subheadline**: text-xl text-gray-600 max-w-2xl mx-auto mt-6
- **CTA Group**: mt-10 flex gap-4 justify-center
- **Primary CTA**: bg-indigo-600 hover:bg-indigo-700 text-white px-8 py-4 rounded-lg
- **Secondary CTA**: border border-gray-300 text-gray-700 px-8 py-4 rounded-lg

### Content
- Headline: "Build interfaces that inspire"
- Subheadline: "The design system that empowers creators to ship beautiful products faster."
- Primary CTA: "Get Started"
- Secondary CTA: "Learn More"

链条：

Mood → Aesthetic → Visual Details → Content
 ↓         ↓            ↓            ↓
Emotion   Style     CSS Values    Text

此模式有效，因为它从意图逐步推进到实现。

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模式 4：状态机规范

将组件状态定义为状态机。

## Button Component States

### State Machine

idle → hover → pressed → idle ↓ ↓ ↓ focus focus focus ↓ ↓ ↓ disabled (terminal) loading (blocks all transitions)

### State Definitions

| State | Visual Treatment | Tailwind Classes |
|-------|------------------|------------------|
| idle | Default appearance | bg-blue-600 text-white |
| hover | Slightly darker | hover:bg-blue-700 |
| focus | Ring indicator | focus:ring-2 focus:ring-blue-500 focus:ring-offset-2 |
| pressed | Darker, slight scale | active:bg-blue-800 active:scale-[0.98] |
| disabled | Muted, no pointer | disabled:bg-gray-300 disabled:cursor-not-allowed |
| loading | Spinner, no text | Spinner SVG, opacity-50, pointer-events-none |

### Transitions
- All transitions: `transition-all duration-150 ease-in-out`
- Scale transitions: spring-like (use framer-motion if available)

### Implementation Notes
- Use `<button>` element, never `<div>`
- disabled state must be set via HTML attribute
- loading should set aria-busy="true"

---

模式 5：约束优先提示

先列出约束，缩小解决方案的范围。

## Constraints (Non-Negotiable)

### Technical Constraints
- React 18+ with TypeScript strict mode
- Tailwind CSS only (no CSS-in-JS)
- No external component libraries
- Bundle size: component must be < 5KB gzipped

### Design Constraints
- Must pass WCAG 2.1 AA
- Must work without JavaScript (progressive enhancement)
- Must support RTL layouts
- Color contrast ratio >= 4.5:1

### Browser Support
- Chrome 90+, Firefox 88+, Safari 14+, Edge 90+
- No IE11 support required

### Performance Constraints
- First paint < 100ms
- No layout shift on load
- Images must be lazy-loaded

---

## Now, generate a Modal component that satisfies all constraints above.

约束优先的原因：

• 立即排除无效方案
• 让生成过程聚焦于可行方案
• 让审核更轻松（按清单验证）
• 避免“有创意”却违反要求的方案

---

迭代优化模式

反馈循环协议

组织反馈，以便有效迭代：

## Iteration 1 Feedback

### What Works
- Component structure is correct
- Props interface is well-typed
- Basic styling matches tokens

### What Needs Fixing

#### Critical (Must Fix)
1. **Missing keyboard navigation**
   - Current: Only mouse interaction works
   - Required: Arrow keys to navigate, Enter to select
   - Reference: WAI-ARIA Listbox pattern

2. **Color contrast failure**
   - Current: text-gray-400 on bg-white (ratio 2.5:1)
   - Required: Minimum 4.5:1 for body text
   - Fix: Use text-gray-600 (ratio 5.7:1)

#### Important (Should Fix)
3. **Animation too fast**
   - Current: duration-75
   - Recommended: duration-150 for better perception

#### Nice to Have
4. Consider adding subtle shadow on hover

### Revised Requirements
Regenerate the component addressing Critical and Important items.

---

基于差异的优化

要求进行具体更改，而不是完整重新生成：

## Current Component

```tsx
<button className="bg-blue-500 text-white px-4 py-2 rounded">
  Click me
</button>

请求的更改

1. 添加悬停状态：悬停时使用 bg-blue-600
2. 添加焦点环：聚焦时使用 ring-2 ring-blue-500 ring-offset-2
3. 添加禁用状态：添加属性和视觉处理
4. 添加加载状态：添加加载指示器和 loading 属性

输出格式

仅展示修改后的代码，并使用行内注释说明每项更改。

---

### The A/B Variant Request

Request multiple options for comparison:

```markdown
Generate 3 variants of a Card component:

## Variant A: Minimal
- No shadow
- Hairline border only
- Maximum whitespace

## Variant B: Elevated
- Pronounced shadow
- No visible border
- Subtle hover lift effect

## Variant C: Outlined
- Thick left accent border
- Light background fill
- Category color coding

## Common Requirements (All Variants)
- Same prop interface
- Same content structure
- Same responsive behavior
- Same accessibility

## Output
Provide all three variants as separate components.
Include a brief rationale for when to use each.

---

UI 的少样本示例

示例：按钮变体

## Few-Shot Examples: Button Component

### Example 1: Primary Button
Input: Primary action button with "Submit" text
Output:
```tsx
<button className="bg-indigo-600 hover:bg-indigo-700 text-white font-medium py-2.5 px-5 rounded-lg transition-colors focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 focus:ring-offset-2">
  Submit
</button>

示例 2：次要按钮

输入：带有“Cancel”文本的次要操作按钮 输出：

<button className="bg-white hover:bg-gray-50 text-gray-700 font-medium py-2.5 px-5 rounded-lg border border-gray-300 transition-colors focus:ring-2 focus:ring-gray-500 focus:ring-offset-2">
  Cancel
</button>

示例 3：危险按钮

输入：带有“Delete”文本的破坏性操作按钮 输出：

<button className="bg-red-600 hover:bg-red-700 text-white font-medium py-2.5 px-5 rounded-lg transition-colors focus:ring-2 focus:ring-red-500 focus:ring-offset-2">
  Delete
</button>

---

现在生成：带有“Learn More”文本的幽灵按钮

**Pattern Recognition**:
- Consistent class structure across examples
- Clear input-output mapping
- Similar complexity level
- Demonstrates the pattern, not just the answer

---

## Prompt Templates

### Template: Component Generation

```markdown
# Generate: {ComponentName}

## Context
Project: {ProjectDescription}
Design System: {DesignSystemName}
Framework: React + TypeScript + Tailwind

## Design Tokens
{DesignTokensJSON}

## Component Specification
Purpose: {ComponentPurpose}
Props: {PropsTable}
States: {StatesList}
Variants: {VariantsList}

## Visual Requirements
Layout: {LayoutDescription}
Typography: {TypographySpecs}
Colors: {ColorSpecs}
Spacing: {SpacingSpecs}

## Behavior
Interactions: {InteractionList}
Animations: {AnimationSpecs}
Accessibility: {A11yRequirements}

## Constraints
{ConstraintsList}

## Output
Provide production-ready React TypeScript component.
Include prop types, JSDoc comments, and usage example.

模板：设计评审

# Review: {ComponentCode}

## Review Criteria

### Design Fidelity
- Does it match the design tokens?
- Is spacing consistent?
- Are colors correct?

### Accessibility
- Keyboard navigable?
- Screen reader friendly?
- Color contrast sufficient?

### Code Quality
- Types correct?
- Props well-named?
- Logic clear?

### Performance
- Unnecessary re-renders?
- Bundle size reasonable?
- Animations performant?

## Output Format
For each criterion, provide:
- Score (1-5)
- Issues found
- Specific fixes needed

---

UI 提示词中的反模式

1. 模糊的审美描述

不佳：“让它看起来现代、简洁” 良好：“使用 Inter 字体、16px 基准字号、1.5 行高和 24px 垂直节奏”

2. 状态覆盖不全

不佳：“创建一个按钮” 良好：“创建一个按钮，包含空闲、悬停、聚焦、激活、禁用和加载状态”

3. 缺少设计系统上下文

不佳：「使用漂亮的蓝色」 良好：「使用设计令牌中的主色：#4F46E5」

4. 隐含的无障碍要求

不佳：「确保无障碍」 良好：「添加 ARIA 标签，按照 WAI-ARIA Listbox 模式实现键盘导航，并提供焦点指示器」

5. 期望一步到位

不佳：期望首次尝试就能获得完美结果 良好：规划 2-3 轮迭代优化，并提供结构化反馈

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快速参考

情况	使用的模式
新组件	组件契约
确保一致性	设计令牌注入
说明视觉意图	视觉参考链
复杂交互	状态机规范
避免返工	约束优先提示
改进输出	反馈循环协议
微调	基于差异的优化
探索选项	A/B 变体请求

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与其他技能集成

此技能与以下技能搭配效果良好：

• agent-orchestration/ui-agent-patterns - 用于 Agent 委派的提示词模式
• context-management/design-system-context - 将令牌载入提示词
• llm-application-dev/prompt-engineering-patterns - 通用提示词工程基础
• design-mastery/design-principles - 用于描述的视觉词汇

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「精准的提示词体现精准的思考。意图越清晰，UI 就越明了。」