qe-wms-testing-patterns

WMS 测试模式

<default_to_action> 测试仓库管理系统时：

1. 验证库存准确性（收货、上架、循环盘点、调整）
2. 端到端测试拣货／包装／发运工作流（波次发布 -> 发运确认）
3. 验证 EDI 消息处理（856 ASN、940 订单、945 确认、943/944 库存）
4. 断言 RF／条码扫描流程（扫描 -> 验证 -> 更新 -> 确认）
5. 检验分配和补货逻辑（FIFO、FEFO、批次控制）
6. 测试 WMS-ERP 集成（库存同步、订单状态、货物收货）
7. 验证波次管理（波次计划、发布、缺货拣选处理）

快速模式选择：

• 库存差异 -> 循环盘点和调整测试
• 订单履约问题 -> 拣货／包装／发运工作流测试
• EDI 故障 -> 消息格式和确认测试
• 扫描问题 -> RF 设备模拟测试
• 分配错误 -> 批次控制和 FIFO／FEFO 测试
• 集成缺口 -> WMS-ERP 同步边界测试

关键成功因素：

• WMS 准确性会直接影响客户体验和财务报告
• 始终测试正常流程和异常流程（缺货拣选、货物损坏、退货）
• EDI 测试必须涵盖语法验证和业务规则验证 </default_to_action>

快速参考卡

适用场景

• 测试 WMS 平台（Blue Yonder/JDA、Manhattan Associates、SAP EWM、Oracle WMS）
• 验证库存交易准确性（收货、拣货、调整）
• 测试 EDI 单据交换（X12 856/940/945/943/944、EDIFACT DESADV/ORDERS）
• 验证 RF／移动端扫描工作流
• 测试波次管理和分配逻辑
• 验证 WMS 与 ERP 集成（SAP MM/WM、Oracle）

测试级别

级别	用途	依赖项	速度
单元逻辑	分配／补货规则	无	快
API 契约	WMS REST/SOAP 端点契约	API 存根	快
EDI 验证	单据语法 + 业务规则	EDI 解析器	中
集成	WMS-ERP 库存同步	完整技术栈	较慢
端到端工作流	完整订单履约周期	WMS + ERP + TMS	慢

关键测试场景

场景	必测内容	示例
收货	入库准确性	PO 收货超收／少收容差
上架	库位分配	根据产品属性进行定向上架
拣货	波次／批次拣货	通过优先级分配处理多订单波次
包装	包装验证	纸箱化及重量／尺寸验证
发运	承运商分配	运费比价和标签生成
循环盘点	库存准确性	盲盘与引导式盘点对账
退货	逆向物流	RMA 收货、检验、处置
EDI 856	ASN 生成	发运确认会触发向客户发送正确的 ASN
EDI 940	仓库订单	入库订单创建正确的作业单
缺货拣选	异常处理	部分分配并创建欠单

工具

• WMS 平台：Blue Yonder WMS、Manhattan WMOS、SAP EWM、Oracle WMS Cloud
• EDI 测试：Bots EDI、SPS Commerce Test、Cleo Clarify
• RF 模拟：自定义 RF 模拟器、Zebra SDK 测试框架
• 集成：SAP PI/PO、MuleSoft、Dell Boomi
• 监控：Splunk、WMS 仪表板、EDI 跟踪门户

Agent 协作

• qe-middleware-validator：WMS-ERP 集成流程和消息转换验证
• qe-contract-validator：EDI 单据契约和 WMS API 契约
• qe-sap-idoc-tester：WMS-SAP IDoc 验证（WMMBID01、SHPCON）
• qe-odata-contract-tester：SAP EWM OData 服务测试

---

库存交易测试

收货和上架

describe('Inbound Receipt - PO with Lot Control', () => {
  it('receives goods against PO with lot tracking', async () => {
    const receipt = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 100,
      lot: 'LOT-2026-001',
      expiryDate: '2027-06-30',
      uom: 'EA'
    });

    expect(receipt.status).toBe('RECEIVED');
    expect(receipt.quantityReceived).toBe(100);
    expect(receipt.lot).toBe('LOT-2026-001');

    // Verify putaway task was created
    const putawayTask = await wms.getTask(receipt.putawayTaskId);
    expect(putawayTask.type).toBe('DIRECTED_PUTAWAY');
    expect(putawayTask.suggestedLocation).toMatch(/^BIN-/);
  });

  it('rejects over-receipt beyond tolerance', async () => {
    // PO line is for 100 EA, tolerance is 10%
    const result = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 115, // 15% over, exceeds 10% tolerance
      lot: 'LOT-2026-002'
    });

    expect(result.status).toBe('REJECTED');
    expect(result.reason).toContain('Over-receipt tolerance exceeded');
    expect(result.maxAllowed).toBe(110);
  });

  it('accepts under-receipt and creates remaining open quantity', async () => {
    const result = await wms.receive({
      po: 'PO-4500001234',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      quantity: 80,
      lot: 'LOT-2026-003'
    });

    expect(result.status).toBe('PARTIAL_RECEIPT');
    expect(result.quantityReceived).toBe(80);
    expect(result.remainingOpen).toBe(20);
  });
});

describe('Directed Putaway', () => {
  it('assigns location based on product attributes', async () => {
    // Hazmat product should go to hazmat zone
    const putaway = await wms.executePutaway({
      item: 'MAT-HAZ-001',
      attributes: { hazmat: true, temperature: 'ambient' },
      quantity: 50,
      lot: 'LOT-HAZ-001'
    });

    expect(putaway.location).toMatch(/^HAZ-/); // Hazmat zone prefix
    expect(putaway.status).toBe('PUTAWAY_COMPLETE');
  });

  it('falls back to overflow when primary zone is full', async () => {
    // Fill the primary zone first
    await wms.fillZone('ZONE-A', 100); // 100% capacity

    const putaway = await wms.executePutaway({
      item: 'MAT-200',
      quantity: 10,
      preferredZone: 'ZONE-A'
    });

    expect(putaway.location).toMatch(/^OVF-/); // Overflow zone
    expect(putaway.overflowReason).toBe('PRIMARY_ZONE_FULL');
  });
});

循环盘点和调整

describe('Cycle Count - Blind Count', () => {
  it('auto-approves variance within threshold', async () => {
    // System shows 100 EA, physical count is 98
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-01',
      item: 'MAT-100',
      countedQuantity: 98,
      countType: 'BLIND', // Counter does not see system quantity
      varianceThreshold: 5 // percent
    });

    expect(count.systemQuantity).toBe(100);
    expect(count.variance).toBe(-2);
    expect(count.variancePercent).toBeCloseTo(2.0);
    expect(count.autoApproved).toBe(true);
    expect(count.adjustmentPosted).toBe(true);
  });

  it('requires supervisor approval when variance exceeds threshold', async () => {
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-02',
      item: 'MAT-200',
      countedQuantity: 80,
      countType: 'BLIND',
      varianceThreshold: 5 // 20% variance exceeds 5% threshold
    });

    expect(count.variancePercent).toBeCloseTo(20.0);
    expect(count.autoApproved).toBe(false);
    expect(count.adjustmentPosted).toBe(false);
    expect(count.status).toBe('PENDING_SUPERVISOR_APPROVAL');
  });

  it('triggers recount when variance is critical', async () => {
    const count = await wms.submitCycleCount({
      location: 'BIN-A-01-03',
      item: 'MAT-300',
      countedQuantity: 0, // System shows 50
      countType: 'BLIND',
      varianceThreshold: 5,
      criticalThreshold: 50
    });

    expect(count.variancePercent).toBe(100);
    expect(count.status).toBe('RECOUNT_REQUIRED');
    expect(count.recountAssigned).toBe(true);
    expect(count.recountAssignee).not.toBe(count.originalCounter);
  });
});

---

拣货／包装／发运工作流测试

波次管理

describe('Wave Planning and Release', () => {
  it('creates wave from eligible orders with batch-pick strategy', async () => {
    // Create 5 orders for wave planning
    const orders = await Promise.all(
      Array.from({ length: 5 }, (_, i) => wms.createOrder({
        orderId: `SO-100${i}`,
        lines: [
          { item: 'MAT-100', qty: 10 },
          { item: 'MAT-200', qty: 5 }
        ],
        priority: i === 0 ? 'RUSH' : 'STANDARD',
        shipBy: '2026-02-05'
      }))
    );

    const wave = await wms.planWave({
      strategy: 'BATCH_PICK',
      maxOrders: 10,
      cutoffTime: '2026-02-05T14:00:00Z'
    });

    expect(wave.orderCount).toBe(5);
    expect(wave.pickTasks).toBeGreaterThan(0);
    expect(wave.status).toBe('PLANNED');

    // Rush order should be first in pick sequence
    const firstTask = wave.pickTasks[0];
    expect(firstTask.orderId).toBe('SO-1000');
    expect(firstTask.priority).toBe('RUSH');
  });

  it('handles short-pick by creating backorder', async () => {
    // Only 5 EA available, order needs 10
    await wms.setInventory('BIN-B-01-01', 'MAT-500', 5);

    const order = await wms.createOrder({
      orderId: 'SO-SHORT',
      lines: [{ item: 'MAT-500', qty: 10 }]
    });

    const wave = await wms.planWave({ strategy: 'SINGLE_ORDER' });
    await wms.releaseWave(wave.id);

    // Attempt to pick
    const pickResult = await wms.confirmPick({
      taskId: wave.pickTasks[0].id,
      pickedQty: 5 // Only 5 available
    });

    expect(pickResult.status).toBe('SHORT_PICK');
    expect(pickResult.pickedQuantity).toBe(5);
    expect(pickResult.shortQuantity).toBe(5);
    expect(pickResult.backorderCreated).toBe(true);
    expect(pickResult.backorderId).toBeDefined();
  });
});

分配逻辑

describe('FIFO Allocation', () => {
  it('allocates oldest lot first', async () => {
    // Set up two lots with different receipt dates
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-FIFO', 50, { lot: 'LOT-OLD', receiptDate: '2026-01-01' });
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-FIFO', 50, { lot: 'LOT-NEW', receiptDate: '2026-02-01' });

    const allocation = await wms.allocate({
      item: 'MAT-FIFO',
      quantity: 30,
      method: 'FIFO'
    });

    expect(allocation.allocatedLot).toBe('LOT-OLD');
    expect(allocation.quantity).toBe(30);
  });

  it('splits allocation across lots when oldest is insufficient', async () => {
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-SPLIT', 20, { lot: 'LOT-A', receiptDate: '2026-01-01' });
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-SPLIT', 50, { lot: 'LOT-B', receiptDate: '2026-01-15' });

    const allocation = await wms.allocate({
      item: 'MAT-SPLIT',
      quantity: 40,
      method: 'FIFO'
    });

    expect(allocation.splits).toHaveLength(2);
    expect(allocation.splits[0]).toEqual({ lot: 'LOT-A', quantity: 20 });
    expect(allocation.splits[1]).toEqual({ lot: 'LOT-B', quantity: 20 });
  });
});

describe('FEFO Allocation (First Expired, First Out)', () => {
  it('allocates lot with earliest expiry first', async () => {
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-FEFO', 50, { lot: 'LOT-EXP-LATE', expiry: '2027-12-31' });
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-FEFO', 50, { lot: 'LOT-EXP-SOON', expiry: '2026-06-30' });

    const allocation = await wms.allocate({
      item: 'MAT-FEFO',
      quantity: 30,
      method: 'FEFO'
    });

    expect(allocation.allocatedLot).toBe('LOT-EXP-SOON');
  });

  it('excludes expired lots from allocation', async () => {
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-EXPIRED', 100, { lot: 'LOT-PAST', expiry: '2025-12-31' });
    await wms.receiveInventory('MAT-EXPIRED', 50, { lot: 'LOT-VALID', expiry: '2027-12-31' });

    const allocation = await wms.allocate({
      item: 'MAT-EXPIRED',
      quantity: 30,
      method: 'FEFO'
    });

    expect(allocation.allocatedLot).toBe('LOT-VALID');
    expect(allocation.excludedLots).toContain('LOT-PAST');
    expect(allocation.excludeReason).toBe('EXPIRED');
  });
});

包装和发运

describe('Pack Verification', () => {
  it('verifies pack contents match pick list', async () => {
    const packResult = await wms.packVerify({
      orderId: 'SO-1001',
      cartonId: 'CTN-001',
      scannedItems: [
        { barcode: 'MAT-100-LOT001', qty: 10 },
        { barcode: 'MAT-200-LOT002', qty: 5 }
      ]
    });

    expect(packResult.status).toBe('VERIFIED');
    expect(packResult.allItemsScanned).toBe(true);
    expect(packResult.weightValidation).toBe('WITHIN_TOLERANCE');
  });

  it('rejects pack with missing items', async () => {
    const packResult = await wms.packVerify({
      orderId: 'SO-1001',
      cartonId: 'CTN-002',
      scannedItems: [
        { barcode: 'MAT-100-LOT001', qty: 10 }
        // Missing MAT-200
      ]
    });

    expect(packResult.status).toBe('INCOMPLETE');
    expect(packResult.missingItems).toContainEqual({ item: 'MAT-200', expectedQty: 5 });
  });
});

describe('Shipping and Carrier Assignment', () => {
  it('rate-shops across carriers and selects cheapest', async () => {
    const shipment = await wms.shipConfirm({
      orderId: 'SO-1001',
      cartons: ['CTN-001'],
      carrierSelection: 'RATE_SHOP',
      eligibleCarriers: ['UPS', 'FEDEX', 'USPS']
    });

    expect(shipment.status).toBe('SHIPPED');
    expect(shipment.carrier).toBeDefined();
    expect(shipment.trackingNumber).toBeDefined();
    expect(shipment.rateShopResults).toHaveLength(3);
    expect(shipment.selectedRate).toBeLessThanOrEqual(
      Math.min(...shipment.rateShopResults.map(r => r.rate))
    );
  });

  it('generates shipping label and triggers EDI 856', async () => {
    const shipment = await wms.shipConfirm({
      orderId: 'SO-1002',
      cartons: ['CTN-003'],
      carrier: 'UPS',
      service: 'GROUND'
    });

    expect(shipment.label).toBeDefined();
    expect(shipment.label.format).toBe('ZPL');
    expect(shipment.edi856Generated).toBe(true);
    expect(shipment.edi856.transactionSetId).toMatch(/^856/);
  });
});

---

EDI 单据测试

EDI 856 - 高级发运通知

describe('EDI 856 ASN Generation', () => {
  it('generates valid 856 with correct hierarchical levels', async () => {
    const asn = await edi.generate856({
      shipmentId: 'SHP-001',
      carrier: { scac: 'UPSN', proNumber: 'PRO-12345' },
      orders: [{
        orderId: 'SO-1001',
        items: [
          { sku: 'MAT-100', qty: 10, lot: 'LOT-001', upc: '012345678901' }
        ]
      }]
    });

    // Validate hierarchical structure: Shipment -> Order -> Item
    expect(asn.segments.filter(s => s.id === 'HL')).toHaveLength(3);
    expect(asn.getSegment('BSN', 'BSN01')).toBe('00'); // Original
    expect(asn.getSegment('TD5', 'TD504')).toBe('UPSN');
    expect(asn.getSegment('SN1', 'SN102')).toBe('10');

    // Validate segment count and control numbers
    expect(asn.getSegment('CTT', 'CTT01')).toBe('1'); // 1 transaction
    expect(asn.getSegment('SE', 'SE01')).toBeDefined(); // Segment count
  });

  it('validates 997 functional acknowledgment for sent 856', async () => {
    const asn = await edi.send856('SHP-001');
    const ack = await edi.receive997({ timeout: 30000 });

    expect(ack.transactionSetId).toBe('997');
    expect(ack.acknowledgmentCode).toBe('A'); // Accepted
    expect(ack.referencedTransactionSet).toBe('856');
  });

  it('handles 997 rejection and triggers resend', async () => {
    const asn = await edi.send856('SHP-INVALID');
    const ack = await edi.receive997({ timeout: 30000 });

    expect(ack.acknowledgmentCode).toBe('R'); // Rejected
    expect(ack.errors).toContainEqual(
      expect.objectContaining({ segmentId: 'SN1', errorCode: '7' })
    );

    // Verify resend was triggered
    const resendLog = await edi.getResendLog('SHP-INVALID');
    expect(resendLog.attempts).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
  });
});

EDI 940 - 仓库发货订单

describe('EDI 940 Inbound Processing', () => {
  it('creates WMS order from valid 940 document', async () => {
    const edi940 = loadEdiDocument('testdata/edi-940-standard.edi');
    const result = await edi.process940(edi940);

    expect(result.orderCreated).toBe(true);
    expect(result.wmsOrderId).toBeDefined();
    expect(result.lineCount).toBe(5);
    expect(result.allocationTriggered).toBe(true);
    expect(result.priorityMapped).toBe('STANDARD');
  });

  it('rejects 940 with unknown SKU and generates 997 rejection', async () => {
    const edi940 = loadEdiDocument('testdata/edi-940-invalid-sku.edi');
    const result = await edi.process940(edi940);

    expect(result.orderCreated).toBe(false);
    expect(result.errors).toContainEqual(
      expect.objectContaining({ segment: 'LIN', error: 'Unknown SKU: INVALID-SKU' })
    );
    expect(result.ack997.code).toBe('R');
  });

  it('detects duplicate 940 by BSN reference number', async () => {
    const edi940 = loadEdiDocument('testdata/edi-940-standard.edi');

    // Process first time - success
    await edi.process940(edi940);

    // Process duplicate - should detect
    const result = await edi.process940(edi940);

    expect(result.orderCreated).toBe(false);
    expect(result.duplicate).toBe(true);
    expect(result.originalOrderId).toBeDefined();
  });
});

EDI 945 - 仓库发货通知

describe('EDI 945 Outbound Generation', () => {
  it('generates 945 on shipment confirmation', async () => {
    await wms.shipConfirm({ orderId: 'SO-1005', carrier: 'FEDEX' });

    const edi945 = await edi.getLatest945('SO-1005');

    expect(edi945.transactionSetId).toBe('945');
    expect(edi945.getSegment('W06', 'W0601')).toBe('N'); // Normal shipment
    expect(edi945.getSegment('W12', 'W1202')).toBeDefined(); // Quantity shipped
    expect(edi945.getSegment('N1', 'N102')).toBeDefined(); // Ship-to name
  });
});

---

RF／条码扫描流程测试

describe('RF Directed Pick Workflow', () => {
  let rfSession;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    rfSession = await rfSimulator.createSession({
      device: 'Zebra-MC9300',
      mode: 'directed-pick'
    });
  });

  it('completes directed pick with valid scans', async () => {
    // Step 1: Login
    const login = await rfSession.scan('badge', 'USER-PICKER-01');
    expect(login.screen).toBe('MAIN_MENU');

    // Step 2: Select pick task
    const taskSelect = await rfSession.selectMenu('PICK');
    expect(taskSelect.screen).toBe('PICK_TASK_ASSIGNED');
    expect(taskSelect.taskId).toBeDefined();

    // Step 3: Scan source location
    const locationScan = await rfSession.scan('location', 'BIN-A-01-01');
    expect(locationScan.screen).toBe('SCAN_ITEM');
    expect(locationScan.expectedItem).toBe('MAT-100');

    // Step 4: Scan item barcode
    const itemScan = await rfSession.scan('item', 'MAT-100-LOT001');
    expect(itemScan.screen).toBe('ENTER_QUANTITY');
    expect(itemScan.maxQty).toBe(10);

    // Step 5: Enter quantity
    const qtyConfirm = await rfSession.enterQuantity(10);
    expect(qtyConfirm.screen).toBe('SCAN_DESTINATION');

    // Step 6: Scan staging lane
    const destScan = await rfSession.scan('location', 'STAGE-LANE-01');
    expect(destScan.screen).toBe('PICK_COMPLETE');
    expect(destScan.taskStatus).toBe('COMPLETED');
  });

  it('rejects wrong item scan with mismatch alert', async () => {
    await rfSession.scan('badge', 'USER-PICKER-01');
    await rfSession.selectMenu('PICK');
    await rfSession.scan('location', 'BIN-A-01-01');

    const wrongItem = await rfSession.scan('item', 'MAT-999-WRONG');

    expect(wrongItem.screen).toBe('ITEM_MISMATCH');
    expect(wrongItem.alert).toBe('MISMATCH');
    expect(wrongItem.expectedItem).toBe('MAT-100');
    expect(wrongItem.scannedItem).toBe('MAT-999');
  });

  it('warns on over-pick quantity', async () => {
    await rfSession.scan('badge', 'USER-PICKER-01');
    await rfSession.selectMenu('PICK');
    await rfSession.scan('location', 'BIN-A-01-01');
    await rfSession.scan('item', 'MAT-100-LOT001');

    const overPick = await rfSession.enterQuantity(999);

    expect(overPick.screen).toBe('OVER_PICK_WARNING');
    expect(overPick.maxAllowed).toBe(10);
    expect(overPick.requiresSupervisor).toBe(true);
  });

  it('handles wrong location scan gracefully', async () => {
    await rfSession.scan('badge', 'USER-PICKER-01');
    await rfSession.selectMenu('PICK');

    const wrongLocation = await rfSession.scan('location', 'BIN-Z-99-99');

    expect(wrongLocation.screen).toBe('WRONG_LOCATION');
    expect(wrongLocation.expectedLocation).toBe('BIN-A-01-01');
    expect(wrongLocation.action).toBe('RESCAN');
  });
});

describe('RF Receiving Workflow', () => {
  it('receives goods by scanning PO and items', async () => {
    const rfSession = await rfSimulator.createSession({ mode: 'receiving' });

    await rfSession.scan('badge', 'USER-RECEIVER-01');
    const poScan = await rfSession.scan('document', 'PO-4500001234');
    expect(poScan.screen).toBe('SCAN_ITEM');
    expect(poScan.expectedItems).toHaveLength(3);

    const itemScan = await rfSession.scan('item', 'MAT-100');
    expect(itemScan.screen).toBe('ENTER_QUANTITY');

    const receipt = await rfSession.enterQuantity(100);
    expect(receipt.screen).toBe('SCAN_LOT');

    const lotScan = await rfSession.scan('lot', 'LOT-2026-050');
    expect(lotScan.screen).toBe('RECEIPT_CONFIRMED');
    expect(lotScan.quantityReceived).toBe(100);
  });
});

---

WMS-ERP 集成测试

SAP EWM 到 S/4HANA 同步

describe('WMS-ERP Goods Receipt Sync', () => {
  it('syncs goods receipt from EWM to S/4HANA within SLA', async () => {
    const startTime = Date.now();

    // Confirm inbound delivery in EWM
    await ewm.confirmInboundDelivery({
      deliveryId: 'IBD-001',
      items: [{ material: 'MAT-100', quantity: 100, batch: 'BATCH-001' }]
    });

    // Wait for sync to S/4HANA
    const materialDoc = await s4hana.waitForMaterialDocument({
      reference: 'IBD-001',
      timeout: 30000
    });

    const elapsed = Date.now() - startTime;

    expect(materialDoc.created).toBe(true);
    expect(materialDoc.type).toBe('WE'); // Goods receipt
    expect(materialDoc.quantity).toBe(100);
    expect(materialDoc.batch).toBe('BATCH-001');
    expect(materialDoc.plant).toBe('1000');
    expect(elapsed).toBeLessThan(30000); // 30s SLA
  });

  it('validates inventory quantities match between EWM and S/4HANA', async () => {
    const ewmStock = await ewm.getStock('MAT-100', 'WH-01');
    const s4Stock = await s4hana.getStock('MAT-100', '1000', '0001');

    expect(ewmStock.available).toBe(s4Stock.unrestricted);
    expect(ewmStock.allocated).toBe(s4Stock.reserved);
    expect(ewmStock.blocked).toBe(s4Stock.qualityInspection);
  });

  it('handles sync failure with IDoc error and retry', async () => {
    // Simulate S/4HANA unavailability
    await s4hana.simulateDowntime(10000);

    await ewm.confirmInboundDelivery({
      deliveryId: 'IBD-FAIL',
      items: [{ material: 'MAT-200', quantity: 50 }]
    });

    // Check IDoc status
    const idoc = await sap.getIdoc({ reference: 'IBD-FAIL', type: 'WMMBID01' });
    expect(idoc.status).toBe('03'); // Error status

    // Restore S/4HANA and verify auto-retry
    await s4hana.restoreService();
    const retried = await sap.waitForIdocStatus(idoc.id, '53', { timeout: 60000 });
    expect(retried.status).toBe('53'); // Successfully processed
  });
});

Manhattan WMOS 到 Oracle EBS 同步

describe('Manhattan WMOS to Oracle EBS', () => {
  it('posts inventory adjustment to Oracle via REST API', async () => {
    const adjustment = await wmos.postAdjustment({
      item: 'ITEM-500',
      location: 'LOC-A-01',
      adjustmentQty: -5,
      reason: 'DAMAGED'
    });

    const oracleTransaction = await oracle.waitForTransaction({
      reference: adjustment.transactionId,
      timeout: 15000
    });

    expect(oracleTransaction.transactionType).toBe('ADJUSTMENT');
    expect(oracleTransaction.quantity).toBe(-5);
    expect(oracleTransaction.reasonCode).toBe('DAMAGED');
    expect(oracleTransaction.accountPosted).toBe(true);
  });
});

---

退货与逆向物流

describe('Returns Processing', () => {
  it('processes RMA receipt with inspection and disposition', async () => {
    const rma = await wms.createRMA({
      rmaNumber: 'RMA-001',
      originalOrder: 'SO-1001',
      items: [{ sku: 'MAT-100', qty: 2, reason: 'DEFECTIVE' }]
    });

    // Receive return
    const receipt = await wms.receiveReturn({
      rmaId: rma.id,
      scannedItems: [{ barcode: 'MAT-100', qty: 2 }]
    });

    expect(receipt.status).toBe('RECEIVED_PENDING_INSPECTION');

    // Inspect returned items
    const inspection = await wms.inspectReturn({
      rmaId: rma.id,
      results: [
        { item: 'MAT-100', unit: 1, condition: 'RESTOCK', grade: 'A' },
        { item: 'MAT-100', unit: 2, condition: 'SCRAP', grade: 'F' }
      ]
    });

    expect(inspection.disposition.restock).toBe(1);
    expect(inspection.disposition.scrap).toBe(1);
    expect(inspection.restockLocation).toBeDefined();
  });
});

---

补货测试

describe('Replenishment Triggers', () => {
  it('triggers min/max replenishment when pick face drops below min', async () => {
    // Set pick face to minimum threshold
    await wms.setInventory('PICK-A-01', 'MAT-100', 5); // Min = 10, Max = 50

    const replenishment = await wms.checkReplenishment('PICK-A-01', 'MAT-100');

    expect(replenishment.triggered).toBe(true);
    expect(replenishment.type).toBe('MIN_MAX');
    expect(replenishment.replenishQty).toBe(45); // Fill to max (50 - 5)
    expect(replenishment.sourceLocation).toMatch(/^BULK-/);
  });

  it('triggers demand-based replenishment from wave allocation', async () => {
    // Wave needs 100 EA, pick face only has 20
    await wms.setInventory('PICK-B-01', 'MAT-200', 20);

    const wave = await wms.planWave({
      strategy: 'SINGLE_ORDER',
      orders: [{ orderId: 'SO-REPLEN', lines: [{ item: 'MAT-200', qty: 100 }] }]
    });

    const replenishment = await wms.getReplenishmentTasks(wave.id);

    expect(replenishment).toHaveLength(1);
    expect(replenishment[0].type).toBe('DEMAND');
    expect(replenishment[0].quantity).toBe(80); // 100 needed - 20 available
    expect(replenishment[0].priority).toBe('URGENT');
  });
});

---

最佳实践

建议这样做

• 测试完整生命周期：收货 -> 上架 -> 分配 -> 拣货 -> 包装 -> 发货 -> EDI
• 在每次状态转换时验证库存准确性（现有库存、已分配、运输中）
• 测试 WMS 的所有分配方式（FIFO、FEFO、LIFO、区域优先级）
• 模拟事务处理中途 RF 设备故障（电池耗尽、WiFi 断连、扫描超时）
• 验证每份出站文档的 EDI 确认（997）
• 明确测试拣货不足、超量拣货和拣错场景
• 根据 SLA 阈值验证 WMS-ERP 同步延迟
• 在多个阈值下测试循环盘点差异（自动批准、主管审核、重新盘点）

避免这样做

• 仅测试正常收货流程，不测试超差／欠差场景
• 跳过 RF 错误流程（扫描错误、超时、连接丢失）
• 忽略 EDI 段级验证（仅相信文档级验证通过）
• 测试分配逻辑时不考虑已过期批次
• 假设 WMS-ERP 同步是即时的；始终使用时间断言进行测试
• 未测试混合优先级订单的波次规划就部署
• 在包装验证中忽略装箱和重量验证

---

Agent 辅助的 WMS 测试

// Validate EDI document contracts
await Task("EDI Contract Validation", {
  documents: ['856-ASN', '940-Order', '945-Advice', '943-StockTransfer'],
  validateSegments: true,
  checkAcknowledgments: true,
  testErrorScenarios: ['invalid-sku', 'duplicate-bsn', 'missing-required']
}, "qe-contract-validator");

// Test WMS-ERP integration flows
await Task("WMS-ERP Integration Test", {
  source: 'SAP-EWM',
  target: 'SAP-S4HANA',
  flows: ['goods-receipt', 'goods-issue', 'stock-transfer', 'inventory-adjustment'],
  slaThreshold: 30000,
  validateIdocs: true
}, "qe-middleware-validator");

// Validate SAP IDoc structures
await Task("IDoc Structure Validation", {
  idocTypes: ['WMMBID01', 'SHPCON', 'MBGMCR01'],
  validateSegments: true,
  testMandatoryFields: true,
  crossReferenceWithEWM: true
}, "qe-sap-idoc-tester");

// Test EWM OData services
await Task("EWM OData Service Testing", {
  services: [
    '/sap/opu/odata/sap/API_WAREHOUSE_ORDER',
    '/sap/opu/odata/sap/API_PHYSICAL_INVENTORY_DOC'
  ],
  testCrud: true,
  validateNavigationProperties: true,
  testFilterAndPagination: true
}, "qe-odata-contract-tester");

---

Agent 协调提示

主要 Agent

• qe-middleware-validator：WMS-ERP 集成流程测试和消息转换验证
• qe-contract-validator：EDI 文档契约测试和 WMS API 契约测试

支持 Agent

• qe-message-broker-tester：WMS 使用消息队列进行异步处理时
• qe-odata-contract-tester：WMS 暴露 OData 服务（SAP EWM）时
• qe-sap-idoc-tester：WMS-SAP 集成使用 IDoc（WMMBID01、SHPCON）时

协调模式

1. qe-contract-validator -> Validate EDI document schemas and segments
2. qe-middleware-validator -> Test WMS message flows and transformations
3. qe-message-broker-tester -> Verify async queue processing and DLQ
4. qe-odata-contract-tester -> Test WMS OData APIs (if SAP EWM)
5. qe-sap-idoc-tester -> Validate IDoc structure and content

记忆命名空间

aqe/wms-testing/
  inventory/         - Receipt, putaway, adjustment test results
  fulfillment/       - Pick/pack/ship workflow results
  edi/               - EDI document validation results
  rf-scanning/       - RF workflow simulation results
  allocation/        - FIFO/FEFO/lot control test results
  integration/       - WMS-ERP sync test results
  returns/           - RMA and reverse logistics results

Fleet 协调

const wmsFleet = await FleetManager.coordinate({
  strategy: 'wms-testing',
  agents: [
    'qe-contract-validator',     // EDI contracts and API contracts
    'qe-middleware-validator',    // WMS-ERP message flows
    'qe-sap-idoc-tester',        // IDoc validation
    'qe-odata-contract-tester'   // SAP EWM OData testing
  ],
  topology: 'mesh'
});

await wmsFleet.execute({
  workflows: [
    { name: 'inbound', stages: ['receive', 'putaway', 'inventory-sync'] },
    { name: 'outbound', stages: ['wave', 'pick', 'pack', 'ship', 'edi-856'] },
    { name: 'returns', stages: ['rma-receipt', 'inspection', 'disposition'] }
  ],
  testEdi: true,
  testRfScanning: true,
  testAllocation: true
});

QCSD 集成

• 构思：HAS_WMS 标记会触发 WMS 专属质量标准（库存准确性、EDI 合规性）
• 细化：SFDIPOT 纳入仓库运营产品因素（吞吐量、准确性、延迟）
• 开发：覆盖率分析包括 EDI 文档解析路径和分配算法
• 验证：流水线关卡包括 WMS 集成健康检查和 EDI 确认验证

---

相关技能

• api-testing-patterns - REST/GraphQL API 测试基础
• contract-testing - 使用 Pact 进行消费者驱动的契约测试
• enterprise-integration-testing - 协调所有企业 Agent
• middleware-testing-patterns - ESB 和消息代理测试
• observability-testing-patterns - 监控和告警验证

---

请记住

仓库管理系统是连接实体与数字世界的桥梁。库存一旦出错，客户就会收到错误的货物，财务报告会不准确，补货也会失败。测试每次库存状态转换、每个 EDI 文档字段，以及每种 RF 扫描异常。2% 的库存差异看似很小，但当它在 50 个仓库的 100,000 个 SKU 中累积时，影响就不容小觑。

**使用 Agent：**Agent 会逐段验证 EDI 文档结构，在 SLA 阈值内测试 WMS-ERP 同步，并大规模模拟 RF 扫描工作流。可使用 Agent 覆盖人工测试无法触及的分配方式、批次控制场景和 EDI 错误条件的组合爆炸空间。