rust-testing

Rust 测试技能

何时启用

在以下情况启用此技能：

• 编写 Rust 单元测试
• 创建集成测试
• 编写文档测试
• 设置基于属性的测试
• 运行基准测试

快速命令

# Run all tests
cargo test

# With output
cargo test -- --nocapture

# Run specific test
cargo test test_user_create

# Run tests in module
cargo test auth::

# Run ignored tests
cargo test -- --ignored

# Doc tests only
cargo test --doc

# Integration tests only
cargo test --test integration

单元测试（同一文件）

pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    a + b
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_add() {
        assert_eq!(add(2, 3), 5);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_add_negative() {
        assert_eq!(add(-1, -1), -2);
    }
}

测试属性

#[test]
fn regular_test() { }

#[test]
#[ignore]
fn slow_test() { }  // Skip unless --ignored

#[test]
#[should_panic]
fn test_panic() {
    panic!("This should panic");
}

#[test]
#[should_panic(expected = "specific message")]
fn test_panic_message() {
    panic!("specific message here");
}

#[test]
fn test_with_result() -> Result<(), String> {
    let result = some_operation()?;
    assert_eq!(result, expected);
    Ok(())
}

断言

// Basic
assert_eq!(1 + 1, 2);
assert_ne!(1 + 1, 3);
assert!(true);

// With messages
assert_eq!(result, expected, "values should match: got {}", result);

// Pattern matching
assert!(matches!(value, Pattern::Variant(_)));

// Option/Result
assert!(some_option.is_some());
assert!(some_result.is_ok());

集成测试

// tests/api_integration.rs
use my_crate::{Config, Server};

#[test]
fn test_server_startup() {
    let config = Config::default();
    let server = Server::new(config);
    assert!(server.start().is_ok());
}

目录结构

project/
├── Cargo.toml
├── src/
│   ├── lib.rs          # Unit tests in #[cfg(test)]
│   └── user.rs         # Module with inline tests
└── tests/              # Integration tests
    ├── common/
    │   └── mod.rs      # Shared utilities
    └── api_test.rs

使用 Trait 进行模拟

pub trait UserRepository {
    fn find_by_id(&self, id: u64) -> Option<User>;
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use std::collections::HashMap;

    struct MockUserRepo {
        users: HashMap<u64, User>,
    }

    impl UserRepository for MockUserRepo {
        fn find_by_id(&self, id: u64) -> Option<User> {
            self.users.get(&id).cloned()
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_user_service() {
        let mut users = HashMap::new();
        users.insert(1, User { id: 1, email: "[email protected]".into() });
        let repo = MockUserRepo { users };

        let service = UserService::new(Box::new(repo));
        let user = service.get_user(1).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(user.email, "[email protected]");
    }
}

异步测试（tokio）

#[tokio::test]
async fn test_async_operation() {
    let result = fetch_data().await;
    assert!(result.is_ok());
}

#[tokio::test]
async fn test_with_timeout() {
    let result = tokio::time::timeout(
        Duration::from_secs(5),
        slow_operation()
    ).await;
    assert!(result.is_ok());
}

文档测试

/// Adds two numbers together.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use my_crate::add;
/// let result = add(2, 3);
/// assert_eq!(result, 5);
/// ```
pub fn add(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
    a + b
}

基于属性的测试（proptest）

use proptest::prelude::*;

proptest! {
    #[test]
    fn test_add_commutative(a: i32, b: i32) {
        prop_assert_eq!(add(a, b), add(b, a));
    }
}

覆盖率

# Using cargo-tarpaulin
cargo install cargo-tarpaulin
cargo tarpaulin --out Html

# Using cargo-llvm-cov
cargo install cargo-llvm-cov
cargo llvm-cov --html

相关资源

请参阅 AgentUsage/testing_rust.md，获取完整文档，其中包括：

• 使用 criterion 进行基准测试
• 设置／清理模式
• Mockall crate 的用法
• CI 配置