tanstack-table

概述

TanStack Table 是一个无头 UI 库，用于构建数据表和数据网格。它提供排序、筛选、分页、分组、展开、列固定／排序／显示切换／调整大小以及行选择等逻辑，但不会渲染任何标记或样式。

软件包： @tanstack/react-table 实用工具： @tanstack/match-sorter-utils（模糊筛选） 当前版本： v8

安装

npm install @tanstack/react-table

核心架构

构建模块

1. 列定义 - 描述列（数据访问、渲染、功能）
2. 表实例 - 具有状态和 API 的中央协调器
3. 行模型 - 数据处理流水线（筛选 -> 排序 -> 分组 -> 分页）
4. 表头、行、单元格 - 可渲染单元

关键：数据与列的稳定性

// WRONG - new references every render, causes infinite loops
const table = useReactTable({
  data: fetchedData.results,     // new ref!
  columns: [{ accessorKey: 'name' }], // new ref!
})

// CORRECT - stable references
const columns = useMemo(() => [...], [])
const data = useMemo(() => fetchedData?.results ?? [], [fetchedData])

const table = useReactTable({ data, columns, getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel() })

列定义

使用 createColumnHelper（推荐）

import { createColumnHelper } from '@tanstack/react-table'

type Person = {
  firstName: string
  lastName: string
  age: number
  status: 'active' | 'inactive'
}

const columnHelper = createColumnHelper<Person>()

const columns = [
  // Accessor column (data column)
  columnHelper.accessor('firstName', {
    header: 'First Name',
    cell: info => info.getValue(),
    footer: info => info.column.id,
  }),

  // Accessor with function
  columnHelper.accessor(row => row.lastName, {
    id: 'lastName', // required with accessorFn
    header: () => <span>Last Name</span>,
    cell: info => <i>{info.getValue()}</i>,
  }),

  // Display column (no data, custom rendering)
  columnHelper.display({
    id: 'actions',
    header: 'Actions',
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <button onClick={() => deleteRow(row.original)}>Delete</button>
    ),
  }),

  // Group column (nested headers)
  columnHelper.group({
    id: 'info',
    header: 'Info',
    columns: [
      columnHelper.accessor('age', { header: 'Age' }),
      columnHelper.accessor('status', { header: 'Status' }),
    ],
  }),
]

列选项

选项	类型	说明
id	string	唯一标识符（自动从 accessorKey 派生）
accessorKey	string	指向行数据的点号分隔路径
accessorFn	(row) => any	自定义访问器函数
header	string | (context) => ReactNode	表头渲染器
cell	(context) => ReactNode	单元格渲染器
footer	(context) => ReactNode	页脚渲染器
size	number	默认宽度（默认值：150）
minSize	number	最小宽度（默认值：20）
maxSize	number	最大宽度
enableSorting	boolean	启用排序
sortingFn	string | SortingFn	排序函数
enableFiltering	boolean	启用筛选
filterFn	string | FilterFn	筛选函数
enableGrouping	boolean	启用分组
aggregationFn	string | AggregationFn	聚合函数
enableHiding	boolean	启用可见性切换
enableResizing	boolean	启用调整大小
enablePinning	boolean	启用固定
meta	any	自定义元数据

表实例

创建表

import {
  useReactTable,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  flexRender,
} from '@tanstack/react-table'

function MyTable() {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = useState<ColumnFiltersState>([])
  const [pagination, setPagination] = useState<PaginationState>({
    pageIndex: 0,
    pageSize: 10,
  })

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    state: { sorting, columnFilters, pagination },
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    onPaginationChange: setPagination,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <table>
      <thead>
        {table.getHeaderGroups().map(headerGroup => (
          <tr key={headerGroup.id}>
            {headerGroup.headers.map(header => (
              <th key={header.id} onClick={header.column.getToggleSortingHandler()}>
                {header.isPlaceholder ? null :
                  flexRender(header.column.columnDef.header, header.getContext())}
                {{ asc: ' ↑', desc: ' ↓' }[header.column.getIsSorted() as string] ?? null}
              </th>
            ))}
          </tr>
        ))}
      </thead>
      <tbody>
        {table.getRowModel().rows.map(row => (
          <tr key={row.id}>
            {row.getVisibleCells().map(cell => (
              <td key={cell.id}>
                {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
              </td>
            ))}
          </tr>
        ))}
      </tbody>
    </table>
  )
}

排序

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { sorting },
  onSortingChange: setSorting,
  getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
  enableSorting: true,
  enableMultiSort: true,
  // manualSorting: true,  // For server-side sorting
})

// Built-in sort functions: 'alphanumeric', 'text', 'datetime', 'basic'
// Column-level: sortingFn: 'alphanumeric'

筛选

列筛选

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { columnFilters },
  onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
  getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
  getFacetedRowModel: getFacetedRowModel(),
  getFacetedUniqueValues: getFacetedUniqueValues(),
  getFacetedMinMaxValues: getFacetedMinMaxValues(),
})

// Built-in: 'includesString', 'equalsString', 'arrIncludes', 'inNumberRange', etc.

// Filter UI
function Filter({ column }) {
  return (
    <input
      value={(column.getFilterValue() ?? '') as string}
      onChange={e => column.setFilterValue(e.target.value)}
      placeholder={`Filter... (${column.getFacetedUniqueValues()?.size})`}
    />
  )
}

全局筛选

const [globalFilter, setGlobalFilter] = useState('')

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { globalFilter },
  onGlobalFilterChange: setGlobalFilter,
  globalFilterFn: 'includesString',
  getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
})

模糊筛选

import { rankItem } from '@tanstack/match-sorter-utils'

const fuzzyFilter: FilterFn<any> = (row, columnId, value, addMeta) => {
  const itemRank = rankItem(row.getValue(columnId), value)
  addMeta({ itemRank })
  return itemRank.passed
}

const table = useReactTable({
  filterFns: { fuzzy: fuzzyFilter },
  globalFilterFn: 'fuzzy',
})

分页

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { pagination },
  onPaginationChange: setPagination,
  getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
  // For server-side:
  // manualPagination: true,
  // pageCount: serverPageCount,
})

// Navigation
table.nextPage()
table.previousPage()
table.firstPage()
table.lastPage()
table.setPageSize(20)
table.getCanNextPage()     // boolean
table.getCanPreviousPage() // boolean
table.getPageCount()       // total pages

行选择

const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = useState<RowSelectionState>({})

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { rowSelection },
  onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
  enableRowSelection: true,
  enableMultiRowSelection: true,
})

// Checkbox column
columnHelper.display({
  id: 'select',
  header: ({ table }) => (
    <input
      type="checkbox"
      checked={table.getIsAllRowsSelected()}
      onChange={table.getToggleAllRowsSelectedHandler()}
    />
  ),
  cell: ({ row }) => (
    <input
      type="checkbox"
      checked={row.getIsSelected()}
      disabled={!row.getCanSelect()}
      onChange={row.getToggleSelectedHandler()}
    />
  ),
})

// Get selected rows
table.getSelectedRowModel().rows

列可见性

const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] = useState<VisibilityState>({})

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { columnVisibility },
  onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
})

// Toggle UI
{table.getAllLeafColumns().map(column => (
  <label key={column.id}>
    <input
      type="checkbox"
      checked={column.getIsVisible()}
      onChange={column.getToggleVisibilityHandler()}
    />
    {column.id}
  </label>
))}

列固定

const [columnPinning, setColumnPinning] = useState<ColumnPinningState>({
  left: ['select', 'name'],
  right: ['actions'],
})

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { columnPinning },
  onColumnPinningChange: setColumnPinning,
  enableColumnPinning: true,
})

// Render pinned sections separately
row.getLeftVisibleCells()   // Left-pinned
row.getCenterVisibleCells() // Unpinned
row.getRightVisibleCells()  // Right-pinned

列调整大小

const table = useReactTable({
  enableColumnResizing: true,
  columnResizeMode: 'onChange', // 'onChange' | 'onEnd'
  defaultColumn: { size: 150, minSize: 50, maxSize: 500 },
})

// Resize handle in header
<div
  onMouseDown={header.getResizeHandler()}
  onTouchStart={header.getResizeHandler()}
  className={`resizer ${header.column.getIsResizing() ? 'isResizing' : ''}`}
/>

分组与聚合

const [grouping, setGrouping] = useState<GroupingState>([])

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { grouping },
  onGroupingChange: setGrouping,
  getGroupedRowModel: getGroupedRowModel(),
  getExpandedRowModel: getExpandedRowModel(),
})

// Built-in aggregation: 'sum', 'min', 'max', 'mean', 'median', 'count', 'unique', 'uniqueCount'
columnHelper.accessor('amount', {
  aggregationFn: 'sum',
  aggregatedCell: ({ getValue }) => `Total: ${getValue()}`,
})

行展开

const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState<ExpandedState>({})

const table = useReactTable({
  state: { expanded },
  onExpandedChange: setExpanded,
  getExpandedRowModel: getExpandedRowModel(),
  getSubRows: (row) => row.subRows, // For hierarchical data
})

// Expand toggle
<button onClick={row.getToggleExpandedHandler()}>
  {row.getIsExpanded() ? '−' : '+'}
</button>

// Detail row pattern
{row.getIsExpanded() && (
  <tr>
    <td colSpan={columns.length}>
      <DetailComponent data={row.original} />
    </td>
  </tr>
)}

虚拟化集成

import { useVirtualizer } from '@tanstack/react-virtual'

function VirtualizedTable() {
  const table = useReactTable({ /* ... */ })
  const { rows } = table.getRowModel()
  const parentRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)

  const virtualizer = useVirtualizer({
    count: rows.length,
    getScrollElement: () => parentRef.current,
    estimateSize: () => 35,
    overscan: 10,
  })

  return (
    <div ref={parentRef} style={{ height: '600px', overflow: 'auto' }}>
      <table>
        <tbody style={{ height: `${virtualizer.getTotalSize()}px`, position: 'relative' }}>
          {virtualizer.getVirtualItems().map(virtualRow => {
            const row = rows[virtualRow.index]
            return (
              <tr
                key={row.id}
                style={{
                  position: 'absolute',
                  transform: `translateY(${virtualRow.start}px)`,
                  height: `${virtualRow.size}px`,
                }}
              >
                {row.getVisibleCells().map(cell => (
                  <td key={cell.id}>
                    {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
                  </td>
                ))}
              </tr>
            )
          })}
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </div>
  )
}

服务端操作

const table = useReactTable({
  data: serverData,
  columns,
  manualSorting: true,
  manualFiltering: true,
  manualPagination: true,
  pageCount: serverPageCount,
  state: { sorting, columnFilters, pagination },
  onSortingChange: setSorting,
  onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
  onPaginationChange: setPagination,
  getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
  // Do NOT include getSortedRowModel, getFilteredRowModel, getPaginationRowModel
})

// Fetch data based on state
useEffect(() => {
  fetchData({ sorting, filters: columnFilters, pagination })
}, [sorting, columnFilters, pagination])

TypeScript 模式

扩展列元数据

declare module '@tanstack/react-table' {
  interface ColumnMeta<TData extends RowData, TValue> {
    filterVariant?: 'text' | 'range' | 'select'
    align?: 'left' | 'center' | 'right'
  }
}

自定义筛选／排序函数注册

declare module '@tanstack/react-table' {
  interface FilterFns {
    fuzzy: FilterFn<unknown>
  }
  interface SortingFns {
    myCustomSort: SortingFn<unknown>
  }
}

通过表元数据编辑单元格

declare module '@tanstack/react-table' {
  interface TableMeta<TData extends RowData> {
    updateData: (rowIndex: number, columnId: string, value: unknown) => void
  }
}

const table = useReactTable({
  meta: {
    updateData: (rowIndex, columnId, value) => {
      setData(old => old.map((row, i) =>
        i === rowIndex ? { ...row, [columnId]: value } : row
      ))
    },
  },
})

关键导入项

import {
  createColumnHelper, flexRender, useReactTable,
  getCoreRowModel, getSortedRowModel, getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel, getGroupedRowModel, getExpandedRowModel,
  getFacetedRowModel, getFacetedUniqueValues, getFacetedMinMaxValues,
} from '@tanstack/react-table'

import type {
  ColumnDef, SortingState, ColumnFiltersState, VisibilityState,
  PaginationState, ExpandedState, RowSelectionState, GroupingState,
  ColumnOrderState, ColumnPinningState, FilterFn, SortingFn,
} from '@tanstack/react-table'

最佳实践

1. 始终对 data 和 columns 使用 memoize，以防止无限重新渲染
2. 使用 flexRender 渲染所有表头／单元格／页脚
3. 使用 table.getRowModel().rows 获取最终渲染的行（而不是 getCoreRowModel）
4. 仅导入所需的行模型 - 每个行模型都会增加流水线处理
5. 当数据具有唯一 ID 时，使用 getRowId 设置稳定的行键
6. 对服务端操作使用 manualX 选项
7. 配对使用受控状态，同时设置 state.X 和 onXChange
8. 使用模块扩充 定义自定义元数据、筛选函数和排序函数
9. 使用列辅助工具 定义类型安全的列
10. 当筛选应重置分页时，设置 autoResetPageIndex: true

常见陷阱

• 在行内定义列（每次渲染都会创建新的引用）
• 忘记 getCoreRowModel()（所有表都必需）
• 使用行模型但未导入它们
• 使用 accessorFn 时未提供 id
• 将 manualPagination 与客户端 getPaginationRowModel 混用
• 分组表头未设置 colSpan
• 未处理分组列间隔项的 header.isPlaceholder