ux-design

UX 设计技能

一套全面的 UX 设计方法论，用于打造以用户为中心的产品。在设计用户体验、创建流程、评估可用性或获取外部 UX 反馈时，请使用此技能。

UX 核心原则

1. 待完成任务（JTBD）

关注用户想要完成的事情，而非功能。

Template:
When [situation], I want to [motivation], so I can [expected outcome].

Example:
When I have a character I love, I want to generate comic panels with them,
so I can tell stories without learning to draw.

2. 渐进式呈现

每一步只展示所需内容。随着用户的需求逐步呈现复杂功能。

Level 1: Core action (upload, generate)
Level 2: Basic options (style, description)
Level 3: Advanced controls (parameters, fine-tuning)
Level 4: Expert features (custom LoRAs, composition)

3. 优先识别，而非回忆

用户应该能识别选项，而不是记住命令。

Bad: "Enter LoRA weight (0.0-1.0)"
Good: [Slider with preview] "Style strength: Subtle ←→ Strong"

4. 防止错误 > 从错误中恢复

设计应防止错误，而不仅仅是妥善处理错误。

Example: Disable "Generate" until character is locked, not "Error: No character"

5. 即时反馈

每个操作都应在 100ms 内得到可见响应。

- Button press → visual state change
- Upload → progress indicator
- Generation → status updates ("Analyzing face...", "Applying style...")

UX 设计流程

阶段 1：研究与探索

1. User Interviews
   - Who are the target users?
   - What are they trying to accomplish?
   - What do they currently use? What's frustrating?
   - What would "magic" look like?

2. Competitive Analysis
   - What do competitors do well?
   - Where do they fail?
   - What's the table stakes?
   - What's the differentiation opportunity?

3. Jobs-to-be-Done Mapping
   - List all user jobs
   - Prioritize by frequency × importance
   - Identify underserved jobs

4. User Personas
   - 2-3 primary personas
   - Goals, frustrations, context
   - Technical proficiency level

阶段 2：信息架构

1. Content Inventory
   - What content/features exist?
   - How do they relate?

2. Site/App Map
   - Hierarchy of screens/pages
   - Navigation structure

3. User Flows
   - Primary task flows (happy path)
   - Error/edge case flows
   - Entry and exit points

阶段 3：交互设计

1. Wireframes
   - Low-fidelity layouts
   - Component placement
   - Information hierarchy

2. Interaction Patterns
   - How does each element behave?
   - State transitions
   - Micro-interactions

3. Responsive Considerations
   - Desktop, tablet, mobile breakpoints
   - Touch vs mouse interactions

阶段 4：视觉设计

1. Design System
   - Typography
   - Color palette
   - Spacing/grid
   - Component library

2. High-Fidelity Mockups
   - Pixel-perfect designs
   - All states (empty, loading, error, success)
   - Dark/light mode if applicable

3. Prototypes
   - Interactive clickable prototypes
   - Animation/transition specs

阶段 5：验证

1. Usability Testing
   - Task completion rates
   - Time on task
   - Error rates
   - User satisfaction

2. A/B Testing
   - Hypothesis-driven experiments
   - Statistical significance

3. Analytics
   - Funnel analysis
   - Drop-off points
   - Feature usage

UX 交付物

用户流程图格式

[Entry Point] → (Decision) → [Screen/State] → [Exit/Success]
                    ↓
              [Alternative Path]

Legend:
[ ] = Screen or state
( ) = Decision point
→  = Flow direction
--- = Optional path

线框图注释格式

┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  [Component Name]                        │
│  ┌─────────────────────────────────────┐│
│  │                                     ││
│  │  ① Element description              ││
│  │  ② Interaction behavior             ││
│  │                                     ││
│  └─────────────────────────────────────┘│
│                                          │
│  Notes:                                  │
│  - Accessibility considerations          │
│  - Edge cases                            │
│  - Mobile behavior                       │
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘

① Numbered annotations reference specific elements
② Describe behavior, not just appearance

状态图格式

State Machine: [Component Name]

States:
- idle: Default state
- loading: Async operation in progress
- success: Operation completed
- error: Operation failed

Transitions:
idle → loading: [trigger: user action]
loading → success: [trigger: operation complete]
loading → error: [trigger: operation failed]
error → idle: [trigger: dismiss/retry]

开展 UX 评审

使用 agent-review 技能，并提供聚焦 UX 的提示词：

# Get UX feedback on a flow
node .claude/skills/agent-review/query.mjs -m opus \
  -s "You are a senior UX designer with 15 years of experience in consumer products. Focus on usability, accessibility, and emotional design." \
  -f docs/ux-flow.md \
  "Review this user flow for usability issues and opportunities"

# Evaluate information architecture
node .claude/skills/agent-review/query.mjs -m opus \
  -s "You are an information architect specializing in complex creative tools. Prioritize discoverability and progressive complexity." \
  -f docs/site-map.md \
  "Evaluate this information architecture for a comic creation tool"

# Get feedback on wireframes
node .claude/skills/agent-review/query.mjs -m opus \
  -s "You are a UX designer who specializes in creative tools like Figma, Canva, and Adobe products. Focus on efficiency for power users while maintaining approachability." \
  -f docs/wireframes.md \
  "Critique these wireframes for a comic panel generator"

UX 启发式检查清单

使用此清单评估设计：

Nielsen 的 10 项可用性启发式原则

• 系统状态的可见性：用户始终知道当前发生了什么
• 与现实世界相符：使用熟悉的语言和概念
• 用户控制与自由：易于撤销、退出和返回
• 一致性与标准：相同操作的行为方式一致
• 错误预防：在错误发生前就加以防止
• 识别而非回忆：选项清晰可见，无需记忆
• 灵活性与效率：为专家提供快捷操作，为新手保持简单
• 美观与简约：不包含无关信息
• 帮助用户识别和解决错误：提供清晰且包含解决方案的错误消息
• 帮助与文档：在需要时可供查阅

无障碍访问（WCAG）

• 可感知性：内容可通过所有感官获取
• 可操作性：所有功能均可通过键盘使用
• 可理解性：语言清晰，行为可预测
• 稳健性：兼容辅助技术

情感化设计

• 本能层面：第一印象积极
• 行为层面：使用体验良好且高效
• 反思层面：使用后用户感到自豪或满意

UX 文案指南

微文案原则

1. Be concise: "Upload" not "Click here to upload your files"
2. Be specific: "3 images required" not "Upload images"
3. Be helpful: "Try a front-facing photo" not "Invalid image"
4. Be human: "Almost there!" not "Processing: 80%"

按钮标签

Good: [Create Comic] [Save Draft] [Generate Panel]
Bad: [Submit] [OK] [Go]

Action verbs that describe what happens

错误消息

Format: What happened + Why + How to fix

Example:
"Character not recognized. We couldn't detect a face in your images.
Try uploading photos with a clear, front-facing view."

加载状态

Informative progress, not just spinners:

"Analyzing your character..." (0-30%)
"Learning facial features..." (30-50%)
"Creating style profile..." (50-70%)
"Almost ready..." (70-100%)

输出模板

创建 UX 文档时，请使用以下模板：

用户故事模板

## User Story: [Title]

**As a** [user type]
**I want to** [action]
**So that** [benefit]

### Acceptance Criteria
- [ ] Criterion 1
- [ ] Criterion 2

### UX Notes
- Key interaction details
- Edge cases to handle
- Accessibility considerations

屏幕规格模板

## Screen: [Name]

**Purpose:** What this screen accomplishes
**Entry Points:** How users arrive here
**Exit Points:** Where users can go from here

### Layout
[ASCII wireframe or description]

### Components
| Component | Behavior | States |
|-----------|----------|--------|
| Component 1 | Description | idle, hover, active, disabled |

### Interactions
1. When user does X, Y happens
2. ...

### Edge Cases
- Empty state: What shows when no data?
- Error state: What shows on failure?
- Loading state: What shows during async?

### Accessibility
- Keyboard navigation
- Screen reader considerations
- Color contrast

用户流程模板

## Flow: [Name]

**Goal:** What the user accomplishes
**Trigger:** What initiates this flow
**Actors:** Who is involved

### Happy Path
1. Step 1 → [Screen/State]
2. Step 2 → [Screen/State]
3. Success!

### Alternative Paths
- If [condition], then [alternative flow]

### Error Paths
- If [error], show [error state], user can [recovery action]

### Flow Diagram
[ASCII or mermaid diagram]

何时使用此技能

• 新功能设计：编写代码前，先设计体验
• UX 评审：评估现有设计中的可用性问题
• 用户流程梳理：记录用户完成任务的方式
• 线框图设计：创建低保真布局
• 交互设计：定义元素的行为方式
• 可用性评估：对设计进行启发式分析
• UX 文案撰写：编写微文案、错误消息和引导文案