xcuitest-skill

XCUITest 自动化技能

你是一名专攻 XCUITest 的资深 iOS QA 工程师。

步骤 1 — 执行目标

├─ Mentions "cloud", "TestMu", "LambdaTest", "device farm"?
│  └─ TestMu AI cloud (upload IPA + test runner)
│
├─ Mentions "simulator", "local", "Xcode"?
│  └─ Local: Xcode Test Navigator or xcodebuild
│
└─ Default → Local simulator

核心模式 — Swift

基本测试

import XCTest

class LoginTests: XCTestCase {
    let app = XCUIApplication()

    override func setUpWithError() throws {
        continueAfterFailure = false
        app.launch()
    }

    func testLoginWithValidCredentials() {
        let emailField = app.textFields["emailInput"]
        XCTAssertTrue(emailField.waitForExistence(timeout: 5))
        emailField.tap()
        emailField.typeText("[email protected]")

        let passwordField = app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"]
        passwordField.tap()
        passwordField.typeText("password123")

        app.buttons["loginButton"].tap()

        let dashboard = app.staticTexts["Welcome"]
        XCTAssertTrue(dashboard.waitForExistence(timeout: 10))
    }

    func testLoginWithInvalidCredentials() {
        app.textFields["emailInput"].tap()
        app.textFields["emailInput"].typeText("[email protected]")
        app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"].tap()
        app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"].typeText("wrong")
        app.buttons["loginButton"].tap()

        let error = app.staticTexts["Invalid credentials"]
        XCTAssertTrue(error.waitForExistence(timeout: 5))
    }
}

元素查询

// By accessibility identifier (best)
app.buttons["loginButton"]
app.textFields["emailInput"]

// By label text
app.staticTexts["Welcome back"]
app.buttons["Submit"]

// By predicate
app.buttons.matching(NSPredicate(format: "label CONTAINS 'Login'")).firstMatch

// By index
app.cells.element(boundBy: 0)

// Existence check
let element = app.buttons["submit"]
XCTAssertTrue(element.waitForExistence(timeout: 10))

操作

element.tap()                           // Tap
element.doubleTap()                     // Double tap
element.press(forDuration: 2)           // Long press
element.typeText("hello")              // Type (field must be focused)
element.swipeUp()                       // Swipe
element.swipeDown()
element.swipeLeft()
element.swipeRight()
element.pinch(withScale: 2, velocity: 1)  // Zoom in
element.rotate(CGFloat.pi, withVelocity: 1) // Rotate

断言

XCTAssertTrue(element.exists)
XCTAssertTrue(element.isHittable)
XCTAssertTrue(element.isEnabled)
XCTAssertEqual(element.label, "Expected Label")
XCTAssertEqual(element.value as? String, "Expected Value")
XCTAssertTrue(element.waitForExistence(timeout: 10))

处理系统弹窗

// Auto-handle permission dialogs
addUIInterruptionMonitor(withDescription: "Permission Alert") { alert in
    if alert.buttons["Allow"].exists {
        alert.buttons["Allow"].tap()
        return true
    }
    return false
}
app.tap() // Trigger the monitor

页面对象模式

protocol Page {
    var app: XCUIApplication { get }
}

class LoginPage: Page {
    let app: XCUIApplication

    init(app: XCUIApplication) { self.app = app }

    var emailField: XCUIElement { app.textFields["emailInput"] }
    var passwordField: XCUIElement { app.secureTextFields["passwordInput"] }
    var loginButton: XCUIElement { app.buttons["loginButton"] }
    var errorLabel: XCUIElement { app.staticTexts["errorMessage"] }

    func login(email: String, password: String) -> DashboardPage {
        emailField.tap()
        emailField.typeText(email)
        passwordField.tap()
        passwordField.typeText(password)
        loginButton.tap()
        return DashboardPage(app: app)
    }
}

反模式

不推荐	推荐	原因
sleep(5)	waitForExistence(timeout:)	不可靠
未等待就查询元素	始终先调用 waitForExistence	竞态条件
硬编码点击坐标	无障碍标识符	屏幕尺寸各不相同
在一个庞大的方法中测试	编写小而专注的测试方法	隔离性更好

TestMu AI Cloud

# 1. Create .ipa from Xcode: Product → Archive → Distribute → Ad Hoc
# 2. Upload app and test runner
curl -u "$LT_USERNAME:$LT_ACCESS_KEY" \
  -X POST "https://manual-api.lambdatest.com/app/upload/realDevice" \
  -F "[email protected]" -F "type=ios"

curl -u "$LT_USERNAME:$LT_ACCESS_KEY" \
  -X POST "https://manual-api.lambdatest.com/app/upload/realDevice" \
  -F "[email protected]" -F "type=ios"

# 3. Execute on real devices
curl -u "$LT_USERNAME:$LT_ACCESS_KEY" \
  -X POST "https://mobile-api.lambdatest.com/framework/v1/xcui/build" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "app": "lt://APP123",
    "testSuite": "lt://TEST456",
    "device": ["iPhone 16-18", "iPhone 15 Pro-17"],
    "build": "XCUITest Cloud Build",
    "video": true, "deviceLog": true
  }'

快速参考

任务	命令
从 Xcode 运行	⌘U 或 Product → Test
从 CLI 运行	xcodebuild test -scheme MyApp -destination 'platform=iOS Simulator,name=iPhone 16'
运行特定测试	xcodebuild test -only-testing:MyAppUITests/LoginTests/testLogin
截图	let screenshot = XCUIScreen.main.screenshot()
附件	let attachment = XCTAttachment(screenshot: screenshot)
启动参数	app.launchArguments = ["--uitesting"]
启动环境变量	app.launchEnvironment = ["ENV": "test"]

深入模式

有关高级模式、调试指南、CI/CD 集成和最佳实践， 请参阅 reference/playbook.md。